Organizational Options Research Articles

Development, validation and recalibration of a prediction model for prediabetes: an EHR and NHANES-based study

BackgroundA prediction model that estimates the risk of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was developed from electronic health record (EHR) data to identify adult patients at risk for prediabetes who may otherwise go undetected. We aimed to assess the internal performance of a new penalized regression model using the same EHR data and compare it to the previously developed stepdown approximation for predicting HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, the cut-off for prediabetes. Additionally, we sought to externally validate and recalibrate the approximation model using 2017–2020 pre-pandemic National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsWe developed logistic regression models using EHR data through two approaches: the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and stepdown approximation. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap method, with internal performance evaluated by the Brier score, C-statistic, calibration intercept and slope, and the integrated calibration index. We externally validated the approximation model by applying original model coefficients to NHANES, and we examined the approximation model’s performance after recalibration in NHANES.ResultsThe EHR cohort included 22,635 patients, with 26% identified as having prediabetes. Both the LASSO and approximation models demonstrated similar discrimination in the EHR cohort, with optimism-corrected C-statistics of 0.760 and 0.763, respectively. The LASSO model included 23 predictor variables, while the approximation model contained 8. Among the 2,348 NHANES participants who met the inclusion criteria, 30.1% had prediabetes. External validation of the LASSO model was not possible due to the unavailability of some predictor variables. The approximation model discriminated well in the NHANES dataset, achieving a C-statistic of 0.787.ConclusionThe approximation method demonstrated comparable performance to LASSO in the EHR development cohort, making it a viable option for healthcare organizations with limited resources to collect a comprehensive set of candidate predictor variables. NHANES data may be suitable for externally validating a clinical prediction model developed with EHR data to assess generalizability to a nationally representative sample, depending on the model’s intended use and the alignment of predictor variable definitions with those used in the model’s original development.

Model of selecting an optimal management decision for restoration of fixed assets of oil producing enterprises

Subject. The article explores the problem of oil refineries modernization. Objectives. The study aims at analyzing the options for organization of works on restoration of fixed assets of oil producing enterprises and devising an algorithm for cost optimization. Methods. The study employs methods of complex and comparative analysis. Results. We developed an economic and mathematical model enabling to choose the optimal management decision for the restoration of fixed assets of oil producing enterprises, taking into account geographical and technological factors. Conclusions. The findings may be taken into account when devising development programs for strategically important enterprises in conditions of economic uncertainty.

Management accounting change in merger and acquisitions: a multiple-case study

PurposeDespite the literature highlighting the relevance of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as strategic options for organizations’ evolution, such events maintain a high failure rate. All stages of M&As generate considerable stress on management accounting systems (MASs) and related actors. This study aims to investigate management accounting change (MAC) throughout M&As to expand knowledge on the technical side of these changes. A deeper understanding of these changes and their relationship to the implementing agents could illuminate the causes of M&A success and failure.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an in-depth, qualitative case study analysis of two companies that completed an M&A. The MAC process was investigated based on Sulaiman and Mitchell’s (2005) typology. The authors collected information from internal documents, interviews, external reports and public information.FindingsThe findings indicate that MAC in M&As represents a comprehensive change that goes beyond the modifications outlined in Sulaiman and Mitchell’s (2005) original framework; the post-deal integration period can be broken down into early and full sub-phases; and the success of the MAC process rests on the different roles played by various change agents.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to apply and deepen a MAC framework focused on technical changes to MASs in the context of M&As. To date, the literature on M&A has mainly focused on behavioral or organizational changes while neglecting the technical dimension. In addition, by considering all the stakeholders of MASs, this study’s analyses expose the role of change agents who are not generally considered in the accounting literature.

‘You can’t buy a revolution, but you can support a paper fighting for one’: Journalism cooperatives’ organizational traits and journalistic missions

This article explores journalism cooperatives, a sub-field of journalism practice and a type of news organization that is becoming more popular as an organizational option in journalism internationally. While other non-traditional ways of funding and producing news – such as non-profit media or crowdfunding initiatives – receive growing attention from journalism researchers, cooperative enterprises remain largely neglected. This study develops an inventory of 29 such news outlets in Europe, North America, and South America. It presents a portrait of the cooperative field in journalism in terms of founding year, geographic location, linguistic tendencies, and cooperative sub-types. Second, based on an analysis of the official websites of seven of these cooperatives, the article describes the revenue sources, workforce, governance structures, and missions of such needs-rather than profit-driven news outlets. The study finds that their organizational traits oscillate between alternative media, non-profit media, and mainstream media attributes. However, in addition, journalism cooperatives possess a unique feature, namely internal democratic governance mechanisms, which have the potential to increase public trust in the news media. Moreover, for the seven cooperatives investigated here, this potential is enhanced further as they assign a key role to audiences as owners, managers, and funders of the organization (they are either reader-owned or co-owned by journalists and readers). I argue that the results of this exploratory study on journalism cooperatives, together with existing research on news non-profits, invite us to consider that the social economy might be a better default home for journalism than the capitalist marketplace.

Child Health Dataset Publishing and Mining Based on Differential Privacy Preservation

With the emergence and development of application requirements such as data analysis and publishing, it is particularly important to use differential privacy protection technology to provide more reliable, secure, and compliant datasets for research in the field of children’s health. This paper focuses on the differential privacy protection of the ultrasound examination health dataset of adolescents in southern Texas from three aspects: differential privacy protection with output perturbation on basic statistics, publication of differential privacy marginal histogram and synthesized data, and a machine learning differential privacy learning algorithm. Firstly, differential privacy protection results with output perturbation show that Laplace and Gaussian mechanisms for numerical data, as well as the exponential mechanism for non-numerical data, can achieve the goal of protecting privacy. The exponential mechanism provides higher privacy protection. Secondly, a differential privacy marginal histogram with four attributes can be obtained with an appropriate privacy budget that approximates the marginal histogram of the original data. In order to publish synthetic data, we construct a synthetic query to obtain the corresponding differential privacy histogram for two attributes. Further, a synthetic dataset can be constructed by following the data distribution of the original dataset and the quality of the synthetic data publication can also be evaluated by the mean square error and error rate. Finally, consider a differential privacy logistic regression model under machine learning to predict whether children have fatty liver in binary classification tasks. The experimental results show that the model combined with quadratic perturbation has better accuracy and privacy protection. This paper can provide differential privacy protection models under different demands, which provides important data release and analysis options for data managers and research organizations, in addition to enriching the research on child health data releasing and mining.

Promotion of Intellectual Activity Results of Scientific Organizations. An Assessment of Potential Demand

The article examines the markets of intellectual activity results (IAR) in Russia. We have conducted an analysis of the costs of innovation activities in terms of the purchase of IAR and R&D in the economy as a whole and in the industrial production sector as the largest one in the context of acquiring IAR. It is shown that the scale of costs for IAR is about 1% of the total expenditures on innovation and has tended to increase in recent years. The costs of purchasing IAR by industry are analyzed; it is shown that the largest amount of expenditures falls on the sphere of industrial production. In this area, the share of IAR acquisition costs is higher than in the economy as a whole and averages 1.5%. We consider the share of IAR purchases from external suppliers. In general, 54.6% of IAR are purchased from third-party organizations, and 59.3% are acquired in industrial production. The costs of purchasing IAR at the expense of own and external sources of financing are analyzed; it is noted that the largest amount of own funds (64.0% against 55.1% in the economy as a whole) is spent in the field of industrial production. Having regard to the scale of the markets, we analyze the best options for IAR protection in cases of various types of organizations. Examples of IAR protection options for large organizations with a substantial volume of output and for small innovative enterprises with a relatively low output rate are considered. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using protection for small companies through the introduction of a trade secret regime. We also carry out an analysis of the costs of research and development purchased from third-party organizations by industry. It is shown that the R&D markets significantly exceed the IAR markets. This also makes the sale of IAR through R&D more attractive than through the sale of licenses. In general, the thesis put forward in the previous article is confirmed. It says that a low activity of working with IAR is determined by economic factors.

Donald Trump's Foreign Policy: Withdrawal From International Regimes and Organizations

This research delves into transformative shifts in United States (US) foreign policy during Donald Trump�s presidency, specifically focusing on withdrawals from crucial international agreements like the Paris Agreement, TPP, UNHRC, UNESCO, and UNRWA. Utilizing the Poliheuristic theory, the study aims to comprehend the rationale behind the US withdrawal from international regimes and organizations during Trump's administration. The research employs a dual-stage assessment within the Poliheuristic theory; the cognitive aspect, considering policymakers� values, and the rational aspect, evaluating potential gains and losses. President Trump confronted three options for international organizations: remaining, renegotiating, or withdrawing. Qualitative techniques were incorporated to analyze the prioritization of the America First promise and assess the country�s engagement with these entities. Rejecting the option to remain led to a rational evaluation of renegotiation or exit. The decision to withdraw was strategically made to address unmet renegotiation demands, minimizing significant financial burdens for the US.

A Framework on Group Data Sharing Based Agreement Implementation in Cloud Computing

Abstract -- Cloud computing and cloud storage have become hot topics in recent decades. Both are changing the way we live and greatly improving production efficiency in some areas. At present, due to limited storage resources and the requirement for convenient access, we prefer to store all types of data in cloud servers, which is also a good option for companies and organizations to avoid the overhead of deploying and maintaining equipment when data are stored locally. The cloud server provides an open and convenient storage platform for individuals and organizations, but it also introduces security problems. Due to the particularity of some industries, some enterprises have extremely high requirements on the security of data. If the data is lost or destroyed, the enterprise will bear serious consequences. The second problem is reliability. Only by ensuring that the data records are accurate and reliable can the data transmission be more secure and the enterprise win a higher reputation. In addition, the issue of cloud computing regulation is also very important. Only through efficient and orderly regulation can enterprises operate healthily and normally. At present, many small and medium sized enterprises need to spend huge costs on data storage, which will continue to increase with the expansion of data volume. However, the emergence of cloud storage services has brought the dawn for these enterprises, they will need to store the data transmission to the cloud, through the cloud storage service provider to solve this problem, so that they can save the cost of their own data center, use low price to achieve the purpose of data storage.

Перспективный метод повышения уровня профессиональных компетенций персонала в целях обеспечения безопасности производственных процессов в компании ОАО «РЖД»

The study considers the problems of the importance of improving the quality of professional development of employees and their competencies to prevent accidents at the production facilities of the company. Despite the implementation of modern technologies and innovations, the role of employees in workflows remains crucial. Accidents and incidents in RZhD JSC, including the events that occurred due to the fault of employees, have been analyzed. The causes of incidents and accidents at production have been identified. Proposals for the improvement of the process of personnel training have been formulated. A promising method in the form of an employee’s safety passport has been suggested as a solution. This means that each employee of the company must undergo continuous training during their entire professional career. To achieve high results, innovative solutions must be applied to the system of personnel training. The implementation of innovative methods will allow to control the workflow and take prompt measures to improve and develop the training system. The promising vision of the use of new engineering and technological solutions, digital options for occupational optimization and organization has been demonstrated.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОБЛІКУ ТА ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ОПЕРАЦІЙ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОГО ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ТА ОРЕНДИ

In today's conditions of a shortage of own financial resources in enterprises and the lack of the possibility of obtaining loans, the most affordable and effective way of financing the current needs in the organization of the enterprise's activities is the lease of fixed assets. Places for storing stocks and warehouses are needed by enterprises of almost any industry and field of activity. The easiest way to get such non-negotiable assets at your disposal to ensure your specialized activity is to enter into a lease relationship. On the other hand, in the current crisis conditions, for some enterprises and organizations, even the use of lease schemes of relationships can be a burdensome process that requires the diversion of resources to the maintenance of leased space. For a business whose activity is connected with certain material values, the need to organize the storage of its products or goods in a warehouse is extremely important. Renting or buying warehouse space in the short term may not be profitable for the enterprise. It is necessary to organize unloading and loading of goods or products, purchase warehouse equipment, install video surveillance and security alarms, hire staff. One of the work organization options is the outsourcing of warehouse processes and the use of a responsible storage service. This article examines the importance of leasing primary assets as a strategic mechanism to meet the current needs of businesses, especially in the context of limited credit opportunities and a deficit in their own financial resources. The authors thoroughly analyze various aspects and forms of leasing relationships, including full-service leasing, "pure" and "general" leasing, as well as their specific characteristics. A significant role in the study is the impact of modern information technologies on leasing relationships, particularly through the concept of "sharing". The issue of responsible storage as a key component of the logistical chain, which is of great importance for businesses, is separately highlighted. The authors propose new approaches to the methodology of reflecting costs for services of responsible storage and leasing, aimed at increasing the accuracy of calculations for the tax base of corporate income tax. The article makes a substantial contribution to the understanding of the complexity of leasing relationships and their impact on the financial stability of enterprises in modern economic conditions.

Medical Systems Data Security and Biometric Authentication in Public Cloud Servers

Advances in distributed computing and virtualization allowed cloud computing to establish itself as a popular data management and storage option for organizations. However, unclear safeguards, practices, as well as the evolution of legislation around privacy and data protection, contribute to data security being one of the main concerns in adopting this paradigm. Another important aspect hindering the absolute success of cloud computing is the ability to ensure the digital identity of users and protect the virtual environment through logical access controls while avoiding the compromise of its authentication mechanism or storage medium. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that addresses data security wherein unauthorized access to data stored in a public cloud is prevented by applying a fragmentation technique and a NoSQL database. Moreover, a system for managing and authenticating users with multimodal biometrics is also suggested along with a mechanism to ensure the protection of biometric features. When compared with encryption, the proposed fragmentation method indicates better latency performance, highlighting its strong potential use-case in environments with lower latency requirements such as the healthcare IT infrastructure.

Organizational aspects of nutritional support for patients in a multidisciplinary emergency hospital

Nutritional support, which is a process of substrate provision with all the nutrients necessary for life for various categories of patients who do not have the opportunity for proper natural nutrition, is a mandatory basic component of their intensive treatment. The practical implementation of nutritional support has two aspects: clinical and organizational. Currently, all components of the clinical aspect are well developed and tested and there are no reasons not to use them in everyday clinical practice. The least resolved and worked out in the majority of our medical institutions remains the organizational aspect, which often does not allow for the proper realization of this type of medical treatment. The article contains the main organizational options for decision the existing problem and many years of practical experience in implementing nutritional support in a multidisciplinary emergency hospital.

Технология творческого коллективного проекта «Иллюстрированная книга» как средство формирования профессиональных компетенций у студентов – будущих педагогов дошкольного и начального образования

The research aim is to justify the use of the technology of organizing a creative collective project “Illustrated Book” as a means of enlightenment, popularizing cultural heritage, and enhancing students’ cognitive, communicative, managerial, methodological, creative, and reflexive components of a teacher’s professional competence. The article addresses the issue of developing professional competencies of pedagogical university students (future preschool educators and elementary school teachers). The novelty of the study is determined by presenting an author’s step-by-step technology for familiarizing students with works of art and organizing creative collective projects, giving students the opportunity to develop organizational, pedagogical, and artistic skills necessary for their future professional activities. As a result of the research, the structure, stages, conditions, organization options, and implementation of collective student projects “Illustrated Book” as a means of developing professional competencies of pedagogical university students have been developed and substantiated.

Supply chain sustainability initiatives at Bajaj Electricals Limited to achieve Zero Waste to Landfill

<p><strong>Subject area:</strong> This case allows management students to engage with the implementation of sustainable supply chain management practices both at the macro and micro levels. The decision to make supply chain operations sustainable is no longer an option for many organisations. The question is not “should we do it? but how can we implement sustainable supply chain management practices?” <strong>Study level/applicability:</strong> This case has been developed for management institutes and schools that teach undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Sustainability has become an essential module in management curriculums; thus, this case is relevant for management programmes (operations, logistics, supply chain management, business studies, and management). <strong>Case overview:</strong> This case highlights the achievements of Rameshwaram (plant head at the Nirlep factory of Bajaj Electrical Ltd.) and his team for successfully completing a sustainability initiative—Zero Waste to Landfill (ZWTL)—in a short span of six months. This case is divided into two parts: the first part presents their initiatives in making all echelons of their supply chain sustainable; the second part specifically outlines how they achieved Zero Waste to Landfill in one of the manufacturing operations in a short span of six months. A cross-functional team was put together to plan and implement the ZWTL project. Initially, the team encountered many challenges, such as poor quantification of waste at the factory site, inadequate infrastructure for waste segregation, a lack of vendor participation, and extensive training of vendors and employees as needed to ensure project compliance. However, with sustained efforts, the goal was achieved. As a result, BEL became the first Indian company in the sector to achieve 99% diversion from landfills for the waste generated at the Nirlep factory in 2021. It translated into a dramatic reduction of adverse environmental impacts. Monetary benefits were also realized by utilizing the waste for commercial use. As customers across the globe appreciated their efforts, their brand equity increased severalfold. <strong>Expected learning outcomes:</strong> The case establishes that supply chain sustainability initiatives can never be completely successful without the unanimous engagement of internal and external stakeholders. In present times, the foundation of business performance has moved away from financial profitability only to the “triple bottom line,” which incorporates environment and social responsibility. The choice between commercial viability and sustainability is no longer available to the companies, as they need to integrate environmental and social goals within their businesses and provide transparency on sustainable performance and value to not only all stakeholders but also policymakers and consumers.<strong></strong></p>

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ КООПЕРАЦИИ РАБОТ ПО ТО И РЕМОНТУ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ МЕЖДУ АТП И СТО

The tasks of organizing the maintenance and repair of ambulances, based on the cooperation of their implementation in road transport organizations (ATP) and car service enterprises, are considered. Preliminary studies have been carried out and options for obtaining rational organization options using statistical simulation methods have been formulated

Getting Away with It (Or Not): The Social Control of Organizational Deviance

The phenomenon of organizations breaking laws and norms in the pursuit of strategic advantage has received substantial attention in recent years. Such transgressions generally elicit the intervention of social control agents seeking to curb deviant behavior and defend the status quo. In some cases, their efforts result in the deviant behavior being suppressed; in other occasions, however, organizational deviance can persist and even be accepted into the very system of rules that was initially challenged. In this paper, we advance a structured view of this process by formulating a theory of the social control of organizational deviance. Building upon the sociological literature, we classify forms of social control based on their cooperativeness and formality; additionally, we shed light on the outcomes of social control by illustrating the conditions under which they are likely to be more or less accommodative of deviant behavior, as well as more or less permanent. In so doing, we contribute to the scholarly understanding of the role of social control in organizational fields, as well as of the advantageousness of deviant behavior as a strategic option for organizations.

The structure of variable assessment of the feasibility of organizing urban passenger transport priority traffic

Problem. An important source of increasing the efficiency of urban transport systems is the development of high-speed connections, which in practice can be achieved by allocating special traffic lanes for urban passenger transport. However, at the stage of justifying such a decision, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the expected positive results and all possible risks, including the complication of traffic conditions. Goal. The purpose of the work is to establish a procedure for determining a rational variant of organizing priority movement of urban passenger transport from the standpoint of evaluating the improvement of the route efficiency and the emergence of critical risks of functioning of the street and road network elements. Methodology. As a basis for establishing the principles of evaluating the options for organization of high-speed urban passenger transport, an analysis of their impact on improving the quality of public transport services, capital costs for the implementation of such measures and possible negative consequences for the street and road network was used. Results. The central part of evaluating the variant of organizing the priority traffic of urban passenger transport is determination of the value of the permissible risk. As a risk, an assessment of the degree of organization of high-speed connections was used, which from the point of view of consumers provides the possibility of obtaining a positive result in relation to travel time, reducing the number of rolling stock on the route and ensuring a suitable level of capacity of the street-road network. Qualitative assessment of the parameters of the risk system is carried out using linguistic variables that can be represented in the form of basic term-sets. For risk factors, such assessments are presented in three variants: low, partial and full compliance with the requirements of the organization of high-speed communication. Originality. The analysis of the systematicity, completeness and interconnectedness of the conditions for the formation of management decisions in the field of choosing an option for the organization of priority urban passenger transport made it possible to form the principles of using a risk system, whose unity is ensured by taking into account the interrelationships of the time parameters of traffic on the route and the conditions of traffic complications on the network. The formation of a fuzzy product includes the description of its components, that is, the prerequisites and the conclusion, whose combination determines the fuzzy product. Input components of products are divided into two groups: route parameters and road network parameters. Practical value. According to the results of experimental calculations for route No. 24 “District 602 – Academika Barabashova metro station” (Kharkiv) established that the implementation of special traffic lanes for urban passenger transport is appropriate only on a separate section of the route. This is due to the fact that on this section of the road network, a pleasant level of risk of traffic complications will be ensured, and a 37% reduction in journey time will lessen the need for rolling stock on the route to 6 units.

Impact of Digital Technology on Employee Wellbeing in the Context of Teleworking During COVID-19

COVID-19 significantly impacted economic and social life worldwide, and telecommuting has become the only option for many companies and organizations to continue operating during this time. While telecommuting is not a new concept, the mass adoption of telecommuting during a pandemic is unprecedented. The widespread adoption of digital technology has highlighted the importance of digital technology in enabling telecommuting. However, the emerging telecommuting model brings new challenges and raises concerns about employee wellbeing. One of the key issues is employee health and well-being. This paper examines the impact of digital technology on employee wellbeing in a telecommuting environment through a literature review and an empirical study. The study finds that using digital technology has positive and negative impacts on employee wellbeing. Digital technology can improve communication, collaboration, and productivity, providing employees greater flexibility and autonomy. On the other hand, however, digital technology can also lead to problems such as information overload, blurred boundaries between work and life, and increased stress and fatigue. The impact of digital technology on employee wellbeing depends on various factors, including the type of technology used, the nature of the work performed, and the characteristics of the employee.

PlantIntronDB: a database forplant introns that host functional elements.

Although more and more attention has been focused on introns and the important role of plant introns in plant growth and development has been discovered, there is still a lack of an open and comprehensive database on plant introns with functional elements in current research. In order to make full use of large-scale sequencing data and help researchers in related fields to achieve high-throughput functional verification of identified plant introns with functional elements, we designed a database containing five plant species, PlantIntronDB and systematically analyzed 358, 59, 185, 210 and 141 RNA-seq samples from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), Gossypium raimondii (cotton), Zea mays (maize), Brassica napus (oilseed rape) and Oryza sativa Japonica Group (rice). In total, we found 100 126 introns that host functional elements in these five species. Specifically, we found that among all species, the number of introns with functional elements on the positive and negative strands is similar, with a length mostly smaller than 1500 bp, and the Adenine/Thymine (A/T) content is much higher than that of Guanine/Cytosine (G/C). In addition, the distribution of functional elements in introns varies among different species. All the above data can be downloaded for free in this database. This database provides a concise, comprehensive and user-friendly web interface, allowing users to easily retrieve target data based on their needs, using relevant organizational options. The database operation is simple and convenient, aiming to provide strong data support for researchers in related fields to study plant introns that host functional elements, including circular RNAs, lncRNAs, etc. Database URL: http://deepbiology.cn/PlantIntronDB/.

Gestión del dolor agudo postoperatorio: condiciones para garantizar la seguridad y la efectividad de los tratamientos analgésicos

The evidence on postoperative pain management is of low or insufficient quality. The SEDAR Acute Pain Working Group has prepared this guideline-document to apply the best available scientific evidence to clinical practice, individualizing it based on factors specific to the patient and the procedure, and encompassing different organizational options, attempting to individualize it based on specific factors of the patient and the procedure, and encompassing the different organizational options for pain control.The document updates concepts and minimum requirements necessary for optimal postoperative analgesia, a multidisciplinary approach and the management of acute postoperative pain. Strategic lines and different management models are defined. A general perioperative action plan is established based on collaboration with the surgical departments involved, on the joint review of the evidence and on preparation of protocols by the procedure. Finally, a follow-up plan and a series of minimum indicators necessary for quality control of postoperative pain are presented.