Optimum Heat Treatment Conditions Research Articles

An environmentally friendly and efficient method to improve the acoustic vibration performance of bamboo for musical instruments: Nitrogen-protected heat treatment

The traditional drying process is very important to the acoustical quality of bamboo musical instruments, such as Jinghu. However, this technique has inherent challenges such as a complicated process, long cycle times, and ineffective quality control. In this study, heat treatment under nitrogen protection was used to determine the effects of different temperatures (160 °C, 190 °C, and 220 °C) and durations (0.5 h, 1.5 h, 2.5 h, and 3.5 h) on the acoustic vibration performance of bamboo. The measured and calculated variables included specific dynamic elastic modulus E ’ / ρ , loss tangent tan δ , and acoustical converting efficiency ACE. With respect to microstructure and physical properties, the mechanism of how heat treatment affects the acoustic vibration properties of bamboo was determined. Results showed that (1) appropriate heat treatment under nitrogen protection can significantly improve the acoustic vibration properties of bamboo. Within the scope of this study, the optimal heat treatment conditions were heating at 160 °C for 3.5 h under nitrogen protection (type I). Compared to the control group, the E ’ / ρ and ACE values of type I heat-treated bamboo increased by 2.0% and 37.0%, respectively, and the tan δ decreased by 30.4%. (2) In terms of physical properties, the porosity of type I heat-treated bamboo increased from 31.6% to 35.2%, which increased the permeability along the longitudinal vibration of the bamboo. (3) In terms of chemical components, the concentration of the starchy substance in the parenchyma cell lumen of type I heat-treated bamboo was significantly less as it was degraded and volatilized. The content of hygroscopic hemicellulose was reduced from 25% to 21% due to pyrolysis, while the cellulose and lignin maintained their structural stability, thereby improving the bamboo’s ability to resist ambient humidity changes. (4) On the molecular scale, the microfibril angle (MFA) of type I heat-treated bamboo was reduced from 12.54° to 10.54°, and the crystallinity increased from 34.8% to 36.5%. Type I heat treatment improved the orientation degree of the bamboo cell wall fibrils and adjusted the distance between cellulose molecular chains. • Through heat treatment, the chemical composition, physical structure, and surface quality of bamboo have been changed. • The optimal heat treatment conditions for acoustic vibration performance improvement are 160 °C for 3.5 h under nitrogen protection. • The main mechanism of improvement include formation of porous pathways and increase of orientation cellulose microfibrils.

Enhanced up-conversion luminescence of Tb3+-Yb3+ doped glass ceramics by doping Li+

Tb3+-Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GCs) containing Y2Ti2O7 crystal phases were synthesized by the melt crystallization. The light transmittance of GCs in the visible region reached 78%, and the average grain size was 278 nm under the optimal heat treatment conditions (720 °C/2 h). The GCs exhibited greater up-conversion luminescence intensity than precursor glass, and the reason for this result was explained in accordance with the Judd-Ofelt theory. Moreover, the introduction of Li+ did not change the crystalline phase of GCs. The emission intensity of the green light of the 8% Li + doped GCs was significantly enhanced by nearly 4.48 times under 980 nm excitation. The XRD refinement results suggest that the enhanced luminescence intensity is correlated with the change of the Y2Ti2O7 crystal lattice caused by Li+ doping. The relevant luminescence mechanism was elucidated. The results suggest that Li+ doped transparent GCs open novel avenues for green UC applications.

Triethylammonium thiocyanate ionic liquid electrolyte-based supercapacitor fabricated using coconut shell-derived electronically conducting activated charcoal electrode material

Organic solvents are commonly used as commercial electrolytes in supercapacitors, but they have several drawbacks, such as high volatility, toxicity, and environmental issues. To overcome these problems, ionic liquids are used though their high costs hamper commercial applications. In this study, a novel and low-cost ionic liquid based on triethylammonium cation and thiocyanate anion were synthesized and used as the electrolyte in a low-cost supercapacitor fabricated using electronically conducting activated carbon derived from cleaned coconut shells as electrode material. The temperature dependence of electrolyte conductivity was investigated, in the frequency range of 1 Hz-500 kHz, using AC impedance analysis, in the temperature range from 30 °C - 90 °C in ten-degree increments and found to be in the range of 4.5 to 14.4 mS cm−1. The ion transport kinetics behaves according to the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) model with an activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (AσT) of 0.0158 eV and 114.9 S m−1 K1/2, respectively. The activated carbon material developed has a high porosity and high electronic conductivity. The electrode fabrication methodology was optimized by varying the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binder amount with respect to the mass of activated carbon on a titanium sheet as a function of heat treatment temperature. The supercapacitor that gives the highest specific capacitance is based on the electrode constructed using 5 % w/w PVP in 0.50 g of activated carbon deposited on a titanium sheet by heat treating at 200 °C for 20 min. At the scan rate of 5 mV s−1, two-electrode CV studies revealed a specific capacitance of 36.8 F g−1 for the optimized supercapacitor assembly. The electrolyte triethylammonium thiocyanate (TAT) demonstrated good electrochemical stability and a large operating voltage window of 1.8 V and high stability, with 94.4 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. The AC impedance studies also gave comparable results. Prime novelty statementThe manuscript describes a method to prepare a novel and low-cost ionic liquid material triethylammoniumthiocyanate starting from triethylamine and ammonium thiocyanate, and its application as the ionic liquid electrolyte in a low-cost supercapacitor. The electrode material used in the supercapacitor was fabricated using electronically conducting activated carbon derived from cleaned coconut shells, which were deposited firmly adhering to titanium sheets using polyvinylpyrrolidone binder under optimized heat treatment conditions. As such, both the ionic liquid electrolyte and the activated carbon electrode material are novel and attractive materials for the commercial production of low-cost supercapacitors.

Application of a sparse mixed regression method to design the optimal composition and heat treatment conditions for transformation-induced plasticity steel with high strength and large elongation

The chemical compositions and heat treatment conditions for obtaining low-alloyed transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were designed using a sparse mixed regression method (SMRM) that automatically and spontaneously selected several regression models. The input data concerning the elemental compositions (Fe, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni) and austempering conditions were collected from published reports. The SMRM-based analysis of these data established three models, which each proposed conditions for the alloy and process for obtaining high strength and large elongation. Experimental results confirmed that all three sets of conditions provided bainite with retained austenite, which was necessary for the low-alloyed TRIP steel. The tensile tests revealed that all three cases exhibited strengths >1.6 GPa and elongations >11%. Evaluating the metallurgical parameters highlighted two different design concepts, in one of which key factor is to reduce the Mn content, which is different from most of the conventional approach for preparing low-alloyed TRIP steel.

Eu3+ doped K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics containing KAlSiO4 crystalline phase: Realizing red emission and high thermal stability

Eu3+ doped K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics containing KAlSiO4 crystallite were synthesized by melt crystallization method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify the optimal heat treatment conditions for glass ceramics, which were 560 °C/90 min. The light transmittance of the glass ceramics can reach up to 75% in the visible light range. The luminescence properties of glass ceramics were studied by fluorescence spectra, and the optimal doping concentration of Eu3+ was determined to be 0.7%. At this concentration, the fluorescence lifetime is 1.65 ms, the chromaticity coordinate (CIE) is (0.583, 0.4048). The luminescent properties of glass ceramics have high stability under the change of temperature (300–460 K). Eu3+ doped K2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 based glass ceramics have potential applications in solid-state lighting, red lasers.

Effect of Mg2+/Sr2+ addition on luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped glass ceramics containing Ca2Ti2O6

Dy2O3-doped transparent glass-ceramics containing Ca2Ti2O6 crystal phase were synthesized by melting crystallization method. The optimum heat treatment condition was determined to be 710 °C/1.5 h by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance curves. The optimal doped concentration of Dy2O3 is 0.4 mol%. The effects of doping with different concentrations of Mg2+ and Sr2+ on the fluorescence intensity of glass-ceramics were discussed. In comparison to Sr2+, the addition of Mg2+ effectively increased the luminescence intensity of 0.4 mol% Dy2O3-doped glass-ceramics. Since Mg2+ has a smaller ionic radius, it has a larger Coulomb potential and is more attractive to O2−, which makes the three-dimensional skeleton of BO6 tilt, and the symmetry of the structure deteriorates, resulting in enhanced luminescence. Comparison of 0.4 mol%Dy2O3-doped glass-ceramic and 8 mol%MgF2-0.4 mol%Dy2O3 co-doped glass-ceramic, the fluorescence intensity increased by 56.8% at 484 nm and 83.5% at 577 nm, the optical band gap value was reduced from 2.7824 eV to 2.4341 eV. The findings suggest that Dy3+-doped glass-ceramics containing Ca2Ti2O6 crystal phase will be used in white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs).

Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Co-Free, Low Ni-10 Mo-1.2 Ti Maraging Steel.

Production of high-quality maraging steel is dependent not only on the production technology but also on the alloying design and heat treatment. In this work, cobalt-free, low nickel, molybdenum-containing maraging steel was produced by melting the raw materials in a vacuum induction melting furnace and then refining with a shielding gas electroslag remelting unit. The critical transformation temperatures of the investigated steel samples were determined experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and theoretically aiding Thermo-Calc software. Types and chemical composition plus volume fraction and starting precipitation temperature of suggested constituents calculated with the aid of Thermo-Calc software. The microstructures of forged steel specimens that were heat-treated under several conditions were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattering (EBSD), in addition to transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the investigated steel specimens were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength properties and micro-hardness, furthermore, estimating their fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy at lower magnification. The metallographic results show that the microstructure of steel in aged conditions includes high-alloyed martensite and nickel-rich phase, in addition to the low-alloyed-retained-austenite, intermetallic compounds, and lavas-phase (MoCr). Furthermore, TEM and EBSD studies emphasized that the produced steel has high dislocation density with nano-sized precipitate with an average size of ~19 ± 1 nm. Moreover, the metallographic results show that the mentioned microstructure enhances the tensile properties by precipitation strengthening and the TRIP phenomenon. The tensile strength results show that the n-value of investigated steel passes two stages and is comparable with the n-value of TRIP-steel. Steel characterized by 2100 MPa ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of more than 7% can be produced by the investigated production routine and optimum heat treatment conditions.

Enhanced defect emission of TiO2-doped transparent glass-ceramics embedding ZnO quantum dots with optimized heat-treatment schedule

This work mainly concentrated on the structural and optical properties of TiO 2 -doped transparent glass-ceramics embedding ZnO quantum dots (QDs). The results show that the concentration of non-bridging oxygen and related defects in the glasses increases and thermal parameters decreases by the introduction of TiO 2 . The surface defect concentration of ZnO QDs is greatly improved and the size of ZnO QDs is reduced by heat treatment below the T g and the introduction of TiO 2 . The green emission of glasses is mainly derived from oxygen vacancy defects and the yellow emission of glass-ceramics primarily originated from oxygen interstitial defects which show a tendency of enhancing first and then reducing with the increase of TiO 2 content. Among them, the optimal content for the strongest emission intensity of TiO 2 -doped glasses and glass-ceramics was determined to be 1.0 mol%, and the relative exceeds 10 times and 5.4 times that of TiO 2 -free glasses and glass-ceramics, respectively. The average size of ZnO QDs (∼2.1 nm) remarkably close to its exciton Bohr radius is successfully prepared by the optimal heat treatment condition (630 °C/8 h, below the T g ). The results show that these glass-ceramics embedding ZnO QDs are good yellow emission materials and have application prospects in WLEDs.

Preparation and luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped BaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics

Dy3+ doped transparent glass ceramics containing Ba0.808(Al1.71Si2.29)O8 crystal phase are successfully prepared by the melting crystallization method. Through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), the optimum heat treatment condition is determined to be 680 ℃/1.5 h. The absorption spectra of the glass and glass-ceramic samples are used to calculate their indirect allowable optical band gaps. It is found that the optical band gap of glass ceramics narrowed. The emission spectrum shows three emission peaks at 484 nm, 576 nm, and 669 nm, corresponding to the blue, yellow, and red emission of Dy3+. The optimal doping concentration of Dy2O3 is 0.45 mol% , the Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of 4540 K, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.3642, 0.3924), which is close to warm white light. The reason for the concentration quenching is the electrical multipolar interaction between Dy3+.

Enhancing the orange luminescence behavior of the Li+ co-doped Ca2Ti2O6: Sm3+transparent glass-ceramic

The Sm3+ doped transparent glass-ceramics were prepared by the melt crystallization method. Using the device of X-ray diffraction (XRD) can confirm Ca2Ti2O6 nanocrystals were formed among the precursor glass matrix. Under the optimum heat treatment condition (680 °C/90 min), the average grain size in the glass-ceramic is about 103 nm, and the light transmittance in the visible region can reach 78%. Under 402 nm excitation, the emission spectra show strong emission peaks at 564 nm, 600 nm and 647 nm, corresponding to the 4G5/2→6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) characteristic transitions of Sm3+. The optimal doping concentration of Sm3+ is 0.5%, and the concentration quenching caused by exchange interaction will occur if it exceeds this value. The introduction of Li+ into glass-ceramics will not change the crystal phase and can enhance the luminescent intensity. The chromaticity coordinates of 4%Li+-0.5%Sm3+ co-doped glass-ceramic are located in orange region (0.5506, 0.4456), and the color purity can reach 95.4%. The results show that the glass-ceramics have potential applications in solid-state color rendering.

The effects of different storage temperatures combined with heat treatment on cucumber’s quality and physiological and biochemical indexes

The effects of different storage temperatures (2, 4 and 8 ℃) and their corresponding optimal heat treatment conditions on the quality, physiological and biochemical indexes of Cucumber Fruits during storage were studied by using the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. The effects of different storage temperatures (2, 4 and 8 ℃) and their corresponding optimal heat treatment conditions on the chilling injury, hardness, weightlessness rate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), H2O2, super oxygen anion free radical (O2-), ASA and GSH were determined. The results showed that heat treatment could inhibit chilling injury, while heat treatment combined with 4 ℃ low temperature storage could effectively inhibit the decline of fruit hardness and weight loss rate, delay the increase of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, inhibit the increase of H2O2 and superoxide anion free radical O2- and significantly inhibit the browning of cucumber, delay the decline of ascorbic acid and maintain the content of GSH, it was beneficial to adjust the balance of active oxygen system. The results showed that under the storage condition of 4 ℃, the hot water treatment condition of cucumber was 39.4 ℃ and 24.3 min, which could delay the senescence of cucumber fruit and better maintain the quality of cucumber fruit.

Luminescence and energy transfer of Dy3+-Eu3+ co-doped glass-ceramics containing ZnMoO4

Dy3+-Eu3+ co-doped glass-ceramics (GCs) containing ZnMoO4 were successfully prepared. The temperature range of heat treatment was preliminarily determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The crystalline phase was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the structural feature was analyzed on the basis of Rietveld refinement, the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the absorption coefficients were calculated by light transmission curves. Combined with the above analysis, the optimal heat treatment condition was discussed. Through the fluorescence spectra and decay curve, there existed an energy transfer between Dy3+ and Eu3+, and the energy transfer efficiency from Dy3+ to Eu3+ increased with the increase of Eu3+ concentration. By calculating the critical distance and linearly fitting the data, it could be concluded that the mechanism of energy transfer was dipole-dipole interaction. With the changed of Dy3+-Eu3+ doped concentration, the color coordinates of these samples can be tuned in the white light region, and the 0.4% Dy3+-0.7% Eu3+ co-doped glass-ceramics obtained warm white light emission with low correlated color temperature (CCT). These results clearly showed that Dy3+-Eu3+ co-doped GCs containing ZnMoO4 could be used as a potential candidate material in the field of white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs).

Effect of Deformation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel During Heat Treatment Process

The current research of the Q-P and Q-P-T process has been focused on controlling the heating temperature and holding time, or adding alloy elements into the steel to induce precipitation strengthening and improve the strength and plasticity of the steel. In this article, based on a quenching-partitioning-tempering (Q-P-T) process combined with a hot deformation technology, a deforming-quenching-partitioning-tempering (D-Q-P-T) process was applied to medium carbon steel. The effect of the heat treatment parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental steel under deformation was studied. Through use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests, the optimal heat treatment conditions for realizing high strength and plasticity that meet the safety requirements were obtained. The mechanism for the D-Q-P-T process to improve the strength and plasticity of experimental steel was discussed. A multiphase composite structure of lath martensite and retained austenite was obtained. Compared with the Q-P-T process, use of the D-Q-P-T process can increase the strength of steel by 57.77 MPa and the elongation by 5%. This study proposes a method to improve the strength and plasticity of steel.

Efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by mesoporous Zr/La hydroxide fibers prepared with high-pressure steam heat treatment

One-dimensional mesoporous Zr/La bimetallic hydroxide fibers (ZLFs) were prepared for the first time, by one-step electrospinning and high-pressure steam heat-treatment method, and they were used for effective removal of phosphate. The as-obtained fibers had a homogeneous composition and a large surface area, and they benefited from the high-pressure steam heat-treatment. Optimum heat-treatment conditions were confirmed, and the special hydrolysis mechanism in fibers and the Zr/La hydroxides formation process were analyzed. ZLFs with maximum surface area of 233.31 m2/g were obtained at a Zr/La mole ratio of 0.4:0.6. Influence of the Zr/La mole ratio of fibers on the adsorption property was examined; an impressive phosphate adsorption performance was observed with saturated adsorption capacity reaching 453.63 mg/g at a Zr/La mole ratio of 0.5:0.5. Notably, the ZLFs exhibited great anti-interference abilities against co-existing ions and pH values, along with good recycling performance. In summary, the ZLFs, produced via an easy method, with outstanding adsorption performance and high reusability, have great potential as adsorbents in the phosphate adsorption field.

Enhancing glass anode performance for lithium‐ion batteries via crystallization

AbstractWe investigate the thermal and electrochemical properties of xFe2O3‐(100‐x) P2O5 glass (x = 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%) and 50Fe2O3‐50P2O5 (50FeP) glass‐ceramics as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs). The results show that both the glass transition temperature and the energy bandgap monotonically decrease with the increasing Fe2O3 while a critical Fe2O3 content of 30 mol% is found to give glass the highest thermal stability, the largest capacity at 1 Ag‐1, and the lowest charge‐transfer resistance before cycling. Moreover, Fe3(P2O7)2 crystals formed during heat treatment in 50FeP glass effectively enhances the electrochemical properties. The optimum heat treatment condition for 50FeP glass is found at 1033 K for 4 h, that is, 1033 K‐4 h sample enables a reversible capacity of 237 mA h g−1 at the end of 1000 cycles at 1 Ag‐1, which is more than 1.5 times higher than that of the 50FeP glass‐based anode. These findings suggest that the Fe2O3‐P2O5 glass‐ceramics hold significant potential for the effective development of new types of glass anodes for future advanced LiBs.

Stereolithographic additive manufacturing of acoustic devices with spatially modulated cavities

AbstractStereolithographic additive manufacturing (STL‐AM) has been developed to create practical components with functional geometries. Nanoparticles are mechanically dispersed into photosensitive resins, and the resulting mixed paste is thinly spread on a flat substrate. One‐dimensional (1D) raster lines were cured via ultraviolet laser scanning. Two‐dimensional (2D) cross‐sections are formed by adjacent joining. Three‐dimensional (3D) solid structures are fabricated via lamination bonding. The composite precursors were dewaxed and sintered under optimized heat treatment conditions. Computer‐aided design, manufacture, and evaluation (CAD/CAM/CAE) processes of acoustic devices with rigid alumina structures will be progressively reviewed. Cylindrical cavities were divided into self‐similar volumes as harmonic instruments to perform overtone sounds. Spherical cavities were connected with steric junctions as noise suppressors to exhibit absorption bands. Qualitative improvements in social and industrial environments by using stereolithographic technologies are discussed and practically demonstrated.

Up-conversion luminescence properties of Ho3+-Yb3+ Co-doped transparent glass ceramics containing Y2Ti2O7

Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GCs) containing Y2Ti2O7 crystal phase were prepared by the melting crystallization method. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The combination of the XRD and SEM results showed that Y2Ti2O7 crystals precipitated in the glass matrix, and the optimal heat treatment condition of GCs was determined to be 730℃/2 h by XRD, SEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmittance curves. Under 980 nm excitation, when the doping concentration of Ho2O3 is 0.3%, the emission intensity is the strongest at 543 nm due to the 5F4/5S2→5I8 transition of Ho3+. The energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ho3+ can be observed through the fluorescence spectra of Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped GCs. The optimal doping concentrations of Ho2O3 and Yb2O3 are 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped transparent GCs containing Y2Ti2O7 crystal phase have potential applications in green up-conversion luminescence.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Siderite Ore Carbonate Decomposition Process at Roasting

Carbonate decomposition with significant heat energy absorption takes place at siderite ore oxidizing roasting in a shaft furnace. Thermal dissociation of complex carbonates comprising the siderite ore was studied. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out for a sideroplesite decomposition process. Formulas allowing determination of the carbonate dissociation and exchange energy rates were obtained using the regular ion solution theory. The ion composition and thermodynamic activity simulation results were described for sideroplesites as well as iron and magnesium cation shares. The work output is of certain interest as knowing the initial sideroplesite decomposition temperature and the carbonate dissociation rate the optimal dimensions of various zones throughout the shaft furnace height may be defined, the roasting process time may be calculated and the optimal heat treatment conditions as well as the firing rate may be established.

Mechanical Properties of a Mild-Alloy Steel for Aerospace Engineering

The features of microstructure and mechanical properties of the aerospace high strength steel were studied after the implementation of various heat treatment modes: conventional oil quenching and tempering, quenching-partitioning, austempering. The dependence of the mechanical properties on the tempering temperature was determined. The basic patterns of the formation of mechanical properties during the implementation of isothermal heat treatment were considered. The optimal heat treatment conditions for the studied steel were established.

Preparation and luminescence of Dy3+ doped glass-ceramics containing ZnMoO4

Dy3+ doped ZnMoO4 glass-ceramics was prepared by traditional melt crystallization method. The crystalline phase, microscopic morphology, transmittance, the optimal heat treatment condition and luminescence properties of the samples were discussed. The emission peaks are located at 482 nm, 574 nm and 663 nm due to 4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2 and 4F9/2→6H11/2 transitions of Dy3+ under 387 nm. When the doped concentration of Dy3+ exceeded 0.4%, it was proved that the multi-stage interaction between adjacent ions causes concentration quenching by calculating the critical distance between Dy3+. The chromaticity coordinate (CIE) showed the luminescence color of the samples in the white light region, indicating that Dy3+ doped glass-ceramics containing ZnMoO4 were expected to be applied in white-light emitting diode (w-LED).