Optimized Network Engineering Tool Research Articles

INFLUENCE WITH TRAFFIC RATE AND BEACON TIME FOR JAMMING ATTACK ON 802.11B IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

MANETs have distinctive characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, restricted resources and lack of centralized administration; as a result, they're liable to differing types of attacks in several layers of protocol stack. Every node in a Manet is capable of acting as a router. The need for a secure Manet networks is powerfully tied to the protection and privacy options. This Jamming attacks are one in every of them. These occur by transmittal continuous radio ways in which to inhibit the transmission among sender and receiver. These attacks have an effect on the network by decreasing the network performance with buffer size, beacon amount varied as certained result on mobile ad-hoc network degrade the performance with Jamming attack. This work includes a network with high Mobility IEEE 802.11b with improved AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector) routing protocol parameters. FTP with high rate is being generated within the network. For the Simulation purpose we tend to utilized OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool) MODELER 14.5 is employed for simulation. The performance of network is measured with relation to the QoS parameters.

A Hybrid Trust Model against Insider Packet Drop Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Quick and accurate detection of inside packet drop attackers is of critical importance to reduce the damage they can have on the network. Trust mechanisms have been widely used in wireless sensor networks for this purpose. However, existing trust models are not effective because they cannot distinguish between packet drops caused by an attack and those caused by normal network failure. We observe that insider packet drop attacks will cause more consecutive packet drops than a network abnormality. Therefore, we propose the use of consecutive packet drops to speed up the detection of inside packet drop attackers. In this article, we describe a new trust model based on consecutive drops and develop a hybrid trust mechanism to seamlessly integrate the new trust model with existing trust models. We perform extensive OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool) simulations using a geographic greedy routing protocol to validate the effectiveness of our new model. The simulation results show that our hybrid trust model outperforms existing trust models for all types of inside packet drop attacks, not only in terms of detection speed and accuracy as it is designed for, but also in terms of other important network performance metrics, such as packet delivery rate, routing reliability, and energy efficiency.

Performance evaluation of dynamic source routing protocol with variation in transmission power and speed

<span lang="EN-US">Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile wireless nodes (devices) which is not rely on a fixed infrastructure. In MANETs, each device is responsible for routing its data according to a specific routing protocol. The three most common MANET routing protocols are: dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). This paper proposes an efficient evaluation of DSR protocol by testing the MANETs routing protocol with variation in transmission power at different speeds. The performance analysis has been given using optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) modeler simulations and evaluated using metrics of average end to end delay and throughput. The results show that the throughput increases as the transmission power increases up to a certain value after which the throughput decreases, also the network work optimally at a certain transmission power which varied at different speed.</span>

Performance analysis and evaluation of distance vector and link state routing protocols over a large area networks

Routing protocols are extremely important incredibly significant in data communication and computer networks. The high performance, reliability, stability, and security of the networks depend primarily on choosing the best type of dynamic routing protocol. In this paper, we evaluate and investigate the network performance for routing information protocol (RIP), enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP), open shortest path first (OSPF), and intermediate system-to-intermediate system (IS-IS) routing protocols with three different scenarios of routes failure using the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to determine which of the protocols is the most appropriate and effective in achieving high network performance. The results show that for large area networks, the EIGRP routing protocol gives the best network performance when all network routers are working with no failing, but when some network routers were failing to work and path failure is happening, the IS-IS link-state routing protocol works efficiently and gives the best performance. The obtained results for IS-IS protocol when failing seven routers is as: the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) page response time is (247.8 msec), voice delay variation is (4.19 µsec) , video delay variation is (8.83 µsec) and ping request and response time is (115 msec).

Improving QoS for Real-time Traffic using Multiple Low Latency Queueing Scheduling Mechanisms

In this work, a Multiple Low Latency Queuing scheduling mechanism model is developed to improve the QoS performance for real time and critical mission data traffic in LTE mobile networks. The main objective of this model is to achieve minimum delay and improve the QoS for real time applications (like Live Video and Voice over LTE). In addition, issues likestarvation of lower priority queues and bandwidth allocation are addressed. The model is composed of four components, first, classifier to classify the incoming traffic in router interface. Second, four Class Based Weighted Fair Queues (CBWFQ) scheduling mechanisms, with activation of strict priority feature in the first two queues. Third, two separate rate limiters (policers), one for each strict priority queue. Two scenarios are designed and simulated using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). The results show that, in the case of Multiple Low Latency Queuing scheduling mechanism model, the real time traffic suffers less delay compared to the case of existing scheduling mechanisms like (Custom Queuing, Priory Queuing, CBWFQ and Low Latency Queuing). On the other hand, the model also addressed the starvation of lower-priority queuesproblem.

QoS Enhancement of Wireless Campus Network Using Throughput Parameter

In recent years, broadband wireless systems developed themselves as one of the fastest growing and emerging sector in the field of telecommunications. It is a network of multiple interconnected local area networks in a limited geographical area. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as one of the key issue in Wireless Campus Network due to the bottleneck and the competition among different kinds of traffic flow on the network. In this paper a Short-Term and Long-Term models are developed to enhancements QoS performance for Wireless Campus Network using throughput parameter. The models were designed and simulated using Optimized Network Engineering Tool, OPNET IT GURU Academic Edition with linkages between wireless workstations suitable for implementation to determine the performance of the network throughput. The two versions contain the same number of wireless workstations, but with some additional access points and multiple processors in the long-term model, a point-to - point protocol (PPP) was used to link the access points to the routers and the cloud while using 100BaseT cable to connect. In each case, the wireless network throughput was obtained. The findings obtained from these models showed that, relative to the short-term model, the Long-Term model achieves higher wireless network performance. That may be due to the fact that while in both models the total number of wireless workstations is the same, the long-term model topology includes additional access points and double processors resulting in the observed minimum throughput.

Performance evaluation of LoRa based sensor node and gateway architecture for oil pipeline management

These days, the oil industrial industry is leaning toward employing smart field improvements to streamline various activities in the midstream area. Oil transportation over large distances via pipelines has a cheap cost and high efficiency in this sector. If pipelines are not properly maintained, they may fail, potentially causing catastrophic, long-term, and irreversible consequences on both natural and human conditions. Low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are without a doubt one of the domains that cause the most from industrial fields when it comes to realizing the vision of the internet of things (IoT). Long-range (LoRa) is an emerging LPWAN technology that is particularly useful for transmitting data over long distances. The goal of this work is to offer a methodology for managing oil pipelines over long distances utilizing the LoRa communication protocol and the installation of sensor nodes and LoRa gateways along the pipeline. We also used the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to examine various simulation findings of LoRa performance.

Performance evaluation of campus network involving VLAN and broadband multimedia wireless networks using OPNET modeler

Modern technology is essential for all healthy, economic, and educational sectors. Using modern technology involves high-performance networks in terms of quality of service (QoS) parameters such as delay, throughput, bandwidth, and security. A campus network involves wire and the wireless environment with and without virtual local area network (VLAN) technology has been simulated using optimized network engineering tools (OPNET). The simulation model includes four scenarios that involve heavy-loaded File transfer protocol (FTP) and web browsing applications with two logical groups of users. The simulation results show that the VLAN overcome LAN networks in terms of bandwidth and security. This has been done by reducing the throughput in both sending and receiving levels to the confidential servers. The VLAN has also reduced the broadcast domain which results in a high-power efficiency. Moreover, the VLAN network technology has been proved to have lower values of delay in transferring files and packets than LAN network technology. In addition, VLAN technology generally has been decreased values of throughput regardless of the way of connection between servers and workstations. This, in turn, allows taking advantage of wireless connection features in terms of flexibility of installation and speed of configuration.

A Dual-Mode Medium Access Control Mechanism for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

With the exponential growth in technologies for the vehicular Internet of things applications and high demands for autonomous road vehicles, future transportation systems are projected to be revolutionized on a global scale. This new landscape requires a stable, flexible, and business-friendly base of connectivity, networking, and computing technology, in which Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play an important role. A UAV-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can provide a cost-effective communication solution to improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system, particularly if the data traffic is nonhomogeneous and nonstationary. Typically, wireless is the communication medium between vehicles and UAVs in an ITS setting, which is based on the IEEE802.11p MAC protocol adopted by car manufactures. However, the IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol is modified solely for omnidirectional antennas, which restricts network coverage, delay, and throughput. In comparison, the directional antenna has greater network coverage, spatial reuse, and bandwidth. In addition, a multiaccess edge computing (MEC) facility at the backhaul link will provide ultralow latency and high bandwidth services to meet the increasingly growing demand for latency-sensitive vehicle applications such as vehicular video data analytics, autonomous driving, and intelligent navigation. Therefore, this article aims to propose a novel dual-mode MAC protocol that can work in two antenna modes, i.e., directional and omnidirectional. For modeling and simulation purposes, we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) and aim to seek an evaluation with respect to throughput, media access delay, and retransmission attempts. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Toward a Substation Automation System Based on IEC 61850

With the global trend to digitalize substation automation systems, International Electro technical Commission 61850, a communication protocol defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission, has been given much attention to ensure consistent communication and integration of substation high-voltage primary plant assets such as instrument transformers, circuit breakers and power transformers with various intelligent electronic devices into a hierarchical level. Along with this transition, equipment of primary plants in the switchyard, such as non-conventional instrument transformers, and a secondary system including merging units are expected to play critical roles due to their fast-transient response over a wide bandwidth. While a non-conventional instrument transformer has advantages when compared with the conventional one, extensive and detailed performance investigation and feasibility studies are still required for its full implementation at a large scale within utilities, industries, smart grids and digital substations. This paper is taking one step forward with respect to this aim by employing an optimized network engineering tool to evaluate the performance of an Ethernet-based network and to validate the overall process bus design requirement of a high-voltage non-conventional instrument transformer. Furthermore, the impact of communication delay on the substation automation system during peak traffic is investigated through a detailed simulation analysis.

New method to analyse delay of DDS and MMS in substation communication

As the standard specification for substation, IEC61850 utilises the abstract communication service interface to map to the manufacturing message specification (MMS) to communicate between the substation level and the bay level. The conventional MMS adopts the client/server model, which results in a relatively large transmission delay. In order to solve this problem, the data distribution service (DDS) is used to replace MMS for its excellent reliability and timeliness. However, the communication law and mechanism of DDS have not been known which result in the insufficient application of DDS. An end-to-end (ETE) delay method is proposed to divide the communication process into different parts according to the sequence in time and analyse the ETE delay of each part. By this method, the delay law and difference of DDS and MMS are analysed and summarised. The simulation results by the optimised network engineering tool software validate that DDS has a smaller delay than MMS. Therefore, DDS can better meet the timeliness of intelligent substation.

A 6LoWPAN OPNET simulation model for machine‐to‐machine communications

AbstractThe low‐power short‐range networks have gained prevalence in research fields such as machine‐to‐machine communications and the Internet of things. Given the large number of devices that may exist, the IPv6 over low‐power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) standard is expected to be widely used. Although Contiki, NS‐3, and OMNeT++ have developed the 6LoWPAN model, it is still not available in optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) because it is extremely difficult to interface the built‐in IP module with the customized modules in OPNET. To bridge this gap, we first developed a preliminary 6LoWPAN model and implemented the header compression and header restoration functions to handle the incoming and outgoing packets in OPNET. To further improve the system performance, we also proposed an algorithm that aggregates packets, reduces intranetwork collisions and increases the packet delivery ratio. The model and algorithm in this work are free to download, so researchers from the OPNET community can easily extend this work for their own research in the future.

NETWORK MODEL ANALYSIS IN OPNET SIMULATION

Electronic transfer of data and or information in a particular area requires techniques of telecommunication which is the process of communication between two or among multiple communication systems. The routing of data or information of concern would be dependent of the acceptable communication link of either wired or wireless means, and this must be connected to the already configured server. As there is a need to know which of either local area network (LAN) or wireless local area network (WLAN) would attract demand of the consumer in terms of the flexibility, speed and rate of traffic received; the work in this paper therefore looked keenly to the modeling analysis of both local area network (LAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) using simulation approach to verify and establish the state of art in the available gap. Parameters of consideration include: Ethernet delay in (sec), Traffic sent (packets/sec) and Traffic received (packets/sec). File transfer protocol (FTP) was used as a traffic application and it was configured for a comprehensive study using Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) simulator. These parameters were compared in both scenarios, and it was observed that the local area network remained the fastest means of communication over the wireless local area network, as there was no delay in the formal compare to some seconds delay in the later, as the same traffic application was sent in both scenarios. Furthermore, more traffics were considerably received in the case of the LAN over simulated time. According to the simulated results, it has therefore been established that if mobility is not of priority, the local area network is the best. Although, the generated results are OPNET based and there could be little or no different when other network simulators are considered

Performance analysis of IEC 61850-9-2 process-bus based redundant substation automation system architecture

This paper has analyzed the performance of an IEC 61850-9-2 process-bus based redundant Substation Automation System (SAS) architecture. End to End (ETE) time delay performance of protection & control functions, on the SAS architecture, is demonstrated through a detailed modeling of the SAS components and its data traffic using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). Simulation results for the proposed architecture are found to be encouraging and present an option to provide high network availability and protection reliability.

Implementing and Examination of EIGRP OSPF RIP Routing protocol in AMI Network for DDoS attack using OPNET

A Smart Grid is the advancement for power matrix with utilization of correspondence innovation with number of powerful meters which are interconnected and two-way data / information flows and has the main goals is to the active participants of consumers to improve quality and reliability of energy usage as for reducing energy consumption and provide increasing reliability as communication between smart meters and consumers. Basically, Smart Grid is working with distributed system manner, and create a network infrastructure as Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) with number of different smart meter. This AMI network includes NAN (Neighbourhood Area Network), have connected with number of smart meters (as wired / wireless) connections with repeater / router as commonly name as Gateway collector which collets the all the consumers information’s and send to the Utility centre. The flow of information as energy usages and power in smart grids is bidirectional which is controlled with the help of software and supporting hardware. Here, with using of Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) Modeler is one of the most dominant simulation tools for the analysis of communication networks. In this paper, the number of smart meters is connected and create an AMI networks were developed with network parameters which related to different communication as wireless for the compute the different network parameters with respect to the time where data transfer and DDoS attack to the network. The security aspect as detect the DDoS attack to the AMI network and provide a guideline to the future of AMI network where escape strange challenges faced by Distribution companies. Here, in this paper the progressed metering foundation (AMI), which is one of the savvy framework's application regions where make a proving ground and arrangement in the OPNET for assessed the exhibition and power the board model for the framework

Defense against unknown broadband jammer for time‐critical operation in smart grid

In this work, the authors consider the communication network of a power substation, where multiple intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) transmit their delay sensitive control and monitoring messages to a common receiver over a wireless network; in the presence of a broadband jammer, which is capable of jamming multiple channels simultaneously. The objective of the IEDs is to successfully transmit their messages within a specified time, whereas the jammer wants to obstruct IED's transmission. A novel utility function is designed for the players, that addresses the time-critical nature of communication. Due to the conflicting interest of the IEDs and the jammer, they model the interaction between them as a repeated Bayesian zero-sum game, which also addresses the repeated interaction among the IEDs and the jammer, and the unavailability of exact information about the jammer. The equilibrium strategies for both the scenarios of perfect and imperfect monitoring are derived and verified through simulation results. Further, the performance of the proposed game model in various scenarios is thoroughly compared in the result section. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed defence strategies is tested in a practical communication network of a power substation under jamming, which is simulated in Optimised Network Engineering Tool (OPNET).

Implementation and Performance Analysis of Multi Hop Ad Hoc Cloud Network and Servers using Ad Hoc Network Protocols

Wireless technologies such as Ad hoc network and cloud network are popular in the present era, so is the emerging technology ad hoc cloud is gaining popularity. This article implements the ad hoc network that runs the cloud services that is termed as Ad hoc cloud. To implement this concept, five adhoc network protocols used are TORA, DSR, AODV, GRP and OLSR. Performance of the network as well as the applications are monitored and analyzed and based on the results, an optimal solution is proposed. Optimized Network Engineering Tool is used to perform the simulations.

Performance Measurement for Distributed Systems using 2TA and 3TA based on OPNET Principles

This paper presents a comparative study of two designs and analysis: Two Tier Architecture (2TA) and Three Tier Architecture (3TA). By using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler network-efficiency is done evaluation. OPNET, a professional simulation tool, is relied on to check the system with many clients from networks for both 2TA and 3TA. The outcomes demonstrate that 3TA is more capable than 2TA in term of data assessment is done utilizing OPNET modeler, which gives a convenient and easy-to-utilize platform for simulating extensive criterion networks. So, it will give more achievement when extended with many clients from networks with eight or sixteen clients. The models are utilized to study how the performance of the network is influenced by the different design decisions that are made to upgrade the system. This paper likewise examines ways in which the OPNET modules have been produced so that students could learn computer network concepts, and not exactly how to use OPNET software.

A Hybrid Communication Scheme for Efficient and Low-Cost Deployment of Future Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET)

In recent years, FANET-related research and development has doubled, due to the increased demands of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in both military and civilian operations. Equipped with more capabilities and unique characteristics, FANET is able to play a vital role in mission-critical applications. However, these distinctive features enforce a series of guidelines to be considered for its efficient deployment. Particularly, the use of FANET for on-time data communication services presents demanding challenges in terms of energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS). Proper use of communication architecture and wireless technology will assist to solve these challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we review different communication architectures, including the existing wireless technologies, in order to provide seamless wireless connectivity. Based on the discussions, we conclude that a multi-layer UAV ad-hoc network is the most suitable architecture for networking a group of heterogeneous UAVs, while Bluetooth 5 (802.15.1) is the most favored option because of its low-cost, low power consumption, and longer transmission range for FANET. However, 802.15.1 has the limitation of a lower data rate as compared to Wi-Fi (802.11). Therefore, we propose a hybrid wireless communication scheme so as to utilize the features of the high data transmission rate of 802.11 and the low-power consumption of 802.15.1. The proposed scheme significantly reduces communication cost and improves the network performance in terms of throughput and delay. Further, simulation results using the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) further support the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Notice of Removal: NCIT Enabled OPNET Based Design of a Digital Substation for IEC 61850-9-2 Implementation

Reliable protection and communication are the key features in a digital substation from protection, control and automation perspective. Implementation of digital protection in high voltage (HV) substations could provide increased reliability, optimized maintenance cost and improved communication capabilities. The application of IEC 61850-9-2 process bus technology in a utility substation has reduced the fault diagnosis downtime due to decreased number of nodes likely to be tested for investigation. Additionally, manufacturers are offering new smart primary plants that have intelligent features built within to makes it a fit case to replace Conventional Instrument Transformers (CITs). These Non-Conventional Instrument Transformers (NCITs) coupled with Merging Units and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) provide better accuracy, transient response and wider bandwidth when implemented in a process bus system guided by IEC 61850-9-2 standard. It is seen that use of NCIT could mitigate issues arising out of CIT failures, provide better safety, reliability, and increased asset life. At present, majority of the CITs operating in the air insulated and gas insulated high voltage (HV) substations are either oil filled or SF6 type which has few environmental issues in the event of a catastrophic failure or leakage. NCITs have better performance as compared to CITs. However, before these high voltage NCITs could find their way in a mass implementation in smart grids and digital substations, there is a need for modelling and simulation at the design stage for its application as per IEC61850-9-2 process bus and its successful implementation. Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) or Riverbed Modeler is a popular simulation software for such design and modeling of Ethernet networks. This paper presents a model of OPNET software for the simulation of a NCIT based on digital substation in a process bus environment.