Optimization Of Phenolic Compounds Extraction Research Articles

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from olive mill wastewater using response surface methodology.

Large amounts of pomace are produced during the extraction of olive oil. This is because only 21% of an olive's weight is made up of oil, while 79% includes water, bark and pulp. This project extracted total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from olive mill wastewater as efficiently as possible. The TPCs were analyzed and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Data were evaluated using the response surface method (RSM). The largest TAA and TPC were discovered in extracting using 80% ethanol at 25 °C, and 2.5 bar with pH = 4. The highest amount of TPCs was 11.614 mg of gallic acid per 100 mL, and a value of 71.06% was reported for TAA. The results of the quadratic model showed that R2 is equal to 0.937, because it has a larger coefficient and the pH factor had the least effect. The temperature factor had the greatest impact on the extraction of TPC and TAA, and the mutual temperature and pH impacts affected the extraction positively. As a result, it can be concluded that the RSM was a useful tool for assessing the ideal circumstances for phenolic component extraction.

Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Activity from Inonotus hispidus Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technology.

The use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds has been increasing because it is a good alternative to the conventional extraction methods. UAE was used to maximize total polyphenol content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the mushroom Inonotus hispidus using response surface methodology (RSM). Firstly, the effect of 40% (v/v) ethanol and 80% (v/v) methanol on the TPC, DPPH scavenging capacity, and FRAP was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts showed a significantly higher (p < 0.0001) TPC, DPPH scavenging capacity, and FRAP than the methanolic extracts. The best condition to produce an extract with the higher TPC and antioxidant activity was achieved when using 40% (v/v) ethanol, a ratio of 75 mL/g, and an extraction time of 20 min. The chromatographic profile of the extract obtained in the optimized condition revealed that hispidin is the main polyphenol present in the extracts of I. hispidus, representing, together with hispidin-like compounds, the majority of the phenolic compounds (159.56 µg/g DW out of 219.01 µg/g DW). The model allowed us to optimize the conditions to maximize the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from I. hispidus, demonstrating its potential as a source of antioxidant compounds, with possible industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

Optimization of Polyphenol Extraction from Apricot Kernel Shells: Comparative Study Between Box-Behnken and Central Composite Designs

Background: Phenolic compounds, response surface methodology, optimization, apricot kernel shell, box-behnken design, central composite design. Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from apricot kernel shells by different extraction techniques by studying the effects of different parameters on the extraction efficiency, and the comparison between the Box-Behnken Design and the Central Composite Design of the response surface methodology is done in order to have good extraction estimation. Methods: In this study, response surface methodology; Box-Behnken and Central Composite Designs, was used to contrast the efficacy and investigate the principal interactions of three operating parameters (ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time), in the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from apricot kernel shells by microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and maceration techniques. Results: The results indicated that the optimal total phenolic compounds obtained with microwave assisted extraction techniques by Box-Behnken Design was 9.30 ± 0.22 mg/g, where the ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time, were 45.85%, 370.5 W, and 11 min, respectively. However, the optimal total phenolic compounds revealed by Central Composite Design were 8.86 ± 0.05mg/g under ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time of 51.99%, 394.37W, and 9.68min, respectively. Conclusion: This work proposes the best mathematical model to optimize the extraction of polyphenols from this by-product which seems to be a possible source of phenolic compounds that can be used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction of Different Parts of Camu-camu Fruit from Different Geographic Regions.

Phenolic compounds in camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) have received interest due to their health-promoting effects. However, these compounds have been poorly investigated in the different parts of the camu-camu fruit (pulp, peel, and seeds). This study aimed to optimize the solvent composition for extraction of phenolic compounds from pulp, peels, and seeds of camu-camu through a simplex-centroid mixture design. Then, the profile of phenolic compounds in samples of camu-camu pulp, peels, and seeds from different regions in Brazil and South America was determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Aqueous ethanol (80%, v/v) yielded the highest extraction for the pulp and peel, while aqueous methanol (50%, v/v) was selected for the seed. Camu-camu parts had p-coumaric acid, catechin, epicatechin, luteolin, rutin, and quercetin, with catechin as the major compound in the pulp, peels, and seeds of all the evaluated samples. The peel showed lower concentrations of these compounds compared with the pulp and the seed; the content of phenolic compounds also differed according to the geographic region. These results broaden the knowledge on phytochemical extraction and composition of camu-camu pulp, peel, and seed and may guide future applications of their extracts in the food industry.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from Bellis perennis flowers and assessment for antioxidant properties

Bellis perennis is an interesting daisy not for its ornamental usage but also for its bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, and related biological effects that explain traditional application for many disorders. The objective of this study was the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using response surface methodology (RSM) and assessing optimal extract for bioactive contents and in vitro biological properties. The optimization of phenolic extraction was performed by studying four parameters (solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio). Furthermore, the optimal extract was analyzed for flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and FTIR analysis. Data fitting to the secondary polynomial model revealed that optimal conditions allowing the best phenolic extraction regarding solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio were 56%, 83s, 200 W, and 68 mL/g, respectively. The phenolic yield obtained using this optimal combination was 135.67 mg GAE/g dw. The obtained optimal extract demonstrated an interesting flavonoids content (27.68 mg EQ/g dw) and expressed a good antioxidant activity measured with DPPH free radical scavenging activity (46.4mg GAE/g dw), ABTS free radical scavenging activity (59.6mg TE/g dw), reducing power (288.0mg GAE/g dw), iron chelating activity (32.7mg EDTAE/g dw), and anti-inflammatory activity (7.9mg IbuE/g dw). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups of phenolic compounds in the studied extract. This investigation allowed the development of a validated mathematic model for phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower using MAE and optimal extract expressed good bioactive contents with the best antioxidant properties.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction of chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) fruit extract by response surface methodology and and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

optimization of phenolic compounds extraction of chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) fruit extract by response surface methodology and and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil

Response surface methodology and UPLC-QTOF-MSE analysis of phenolic compounds from grapefruit (Citrus✕ paradisi) by-products as novel ingredients for new antioxidant packaging

The present work reports an experimental study on the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from Citrus ✕ paradisi peels and the development of active packaging. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effect of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC). The TPC in the optimized extract were 31.10 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of dry weight (mg GAE/100 g dw) with strong antioxidant capacity. The bioactive compounds in the optimized extract were determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight with high energy mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE). Forty-five compounds were detected and qualified. The optimized extract obtained by MAE was used as an active antioxidant in multilayer food packaging films. The multilayer low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containing 10% of MAE optimized extract provided the most antioxidant power acting as a free radical scavenger.

Response surface optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) seed coat based on chemical properties and bioactivity.

Food companies should comply with the requirements of a zero-waste concept to adapt to the circular economy requirements. In fruit companies, usually seeds are discarded without proper utilization and extraction of the bioactive compounds. Fruit seeds are sources of chemical compounds that can be extracted, studied, and applied in high value-added products. Thus, in this work the experimental conditions for the water extraction of phenolic compounds from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) seed coat were optimized using a central composite design and the desirability function. Total phenolic content (TPC), and condensed tannins (CT), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCRC), and Cu2+ chelating ability were assessed. Seed coat extracted for 51.1min using a 1:34.1 solid:liquid ratio was the optimal condition to extract 6,242mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100g of TPC and 695mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100g of CT. The optimized extract displayed free-radical scavenging activity, reducing properties and ability to chelate Cu2+ , and inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the lyophilized water extract inhibited the in vitro activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin converting enzyme and showed cytotoxic effects towards Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cancer cells, but no cytotoxicity towards IMR90 cells. Vescalagin, castalagin, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were the major phenolic compounds identified in the optimized extract. In conclusion, the optimized camu-camu seed coat water extract is a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Camu-camu fruit pulp and seeds have been studied for their phenolic composition and bioactivity. However, seeds are usually discarded and represent an environmental problem in South American countries. We presented a methodological overview on the extraction optimization of the phenolic compounds from camu-camu seed coat and studied the bioactivity of the optimized extract using chemical, enzymatic, and cell-based experiments. Results can be used by camu-camu processors to obtain a phenolic-rich extract for industrial applications, without any further processing.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ cultivar through applying different technological options of maceration and fermentation

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ cultivar through applying different technological options of maceration and fermentation

Phenolic compounds from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts: optimization of microwave assisted extraction and enrichment of table oil

The present study deals with the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) waste, and development of a functional enriched edible oil with potential health promoting effects.. Box–Behnken Design (BBD), a widely used form of response surface methodology (RSM), was applied to investigate the effect of process variables on the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC). Independent variables including ethanol concentration (%), microwave power (W), irradiation time (min), solvent-to-material ratio (mL/g) for MAE were studied. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimal MAE conditions were obtained with 72 % ethanol as extraction solvent, 81:1 mL/g of solvent/solid ratio, 4 min and 900 W for irradiation time and power, respectively. Maximum predicted TPC recovery under the optimized conditions was 37.43 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g DW, which was close to the experimental value 36.10 ± 0.72, indicating suitability of the employed model and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. The TPC confirmed the efficiency of MAE methods when compared with the conventional method. The studied edible oil enriched with the optimized extract had a content of phenolic compounds equivalent to 56.41 ± 2.03 μg/mL compared to the control oil.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from Campomanesia lineatifolia leaves

Abstract Campomanesia lineatifolia (gabiroba) is a native edible species found in the Amazon Rainforest. Previous studies have demonstrated the flavonoid nature of ethanolic extract from the C. lineatifolia leaves, in addition to gastroprotective activity and TNF inhibition. However, the extraction process used was long and consumed a large amount of solvent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain a bioactive extract rich in phenolics, in an extractive method of simpler, faster, and lower-cost execution. The C. lineatifolia leaves were dried and crushed, and the extractions were carried out in different solvents/mixtures (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) under ultrasonic bath (UB), electromagnetic stirring, and continuous reflux extraction (R). The extraction efficiency was evaluated by the flavonoid major compound concentration in the extracts, in a method developed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Injection and pattern matching tests, and UHPLC analyses coupled to ultraviolet spectrometry were conducted to identify catechin and quercitrin. It has been demonstrated that the ethanolic extraction by R and the mixture of ethanol: water (8:2) by UB represented optimized methods in obtaining the flavonoid compounds identified. Thus, the results may contribute to chemical-biological extract standardization for gastric antiulcer activity evaluation.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction and a study of the edaphic effect on the physicochemical composition of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel

ABSTRACT Jaboticaba is a fruit with high nutritional potential with beneficial effects for health. The aims of this work were the optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds (PhC) from freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) as a function of the stirring time (ST) and solvent volume (SV) and to study the edaphic effect on the physical-chemical composition of FJP from five orchards. In the first stage, a 2-factor, 2-level central composite designs combined with the Response Surface Methodology and desirability function was used. In the second stage, a one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the edaphic effect on the responses. Total phenols (Tph), tannins (Ta), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), color index (CI) and tone responses (Ton) were analyzed. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting of the first stage dates. The data from the second experiment were evaluated using analysis of variance, Tukey’s test, and t-test. The optimal conditions for the PhC were 64 mL and 75 min. Under the optimum conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for PhC were 33.5, 7.91, and 5.57 mg g-1 and 0.893 u.a. and 0.833 for Tph, Ta, TMA, CI, and Ton, respectively. According to the type of soil, different PhC values were found in FJP extracts. In nutrient-poor soils, highest levels of PhC, high CI and low tone were found.

Development and stability evaluation of water-in-edible oils emulsions formulated with the incorporation of hydrophilic Hibiscus sabdariffa extract

New functional oils (extra virgin olive oil, EVOO and sunflower oil, SO) containing antioxidants from Hibiscus sabdariffa extract were developed by W/O emulsion. Their physical and chemical stability was measured over time. The lowest coalescence rate was obtained with 8 and 12 wt% surfactant amount for EVOO and SO emulsions, respectively. Before the evaluation of the oxidative stability, an optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from emulsions by multi-response surface methodology was performed. EVOO emulsions were chemically more stable over time than SO emulsions in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and chemical composition measured by HPLC-ESI.TOF-MS. TPC significantly increased (from 2.02 ± 0.07 to 2.71 ± 0.06 mg Eq GAE/g extract) and the antioxidant activity measured by TEAC remained constant for 1 month of storage. Thus, W/O emulsion technology has proven to be a potential method to vehiculize and stabilize bioactive compounds from H. sabdariffa into edible oils.

Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction with antioxidant activity from açaí, blueberry and goji berry using response surface methodology

The aim of this study was to determine the best extraction conditions of phenolic compounds present in açaí, blueberry and goji berry fruits using the response surface methodology (RSM). The phenolic compounds profile by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant activity was also determined. A factorial 23 design was used to analyze the effect of the solvent (ethanol and water), time (30 and 60 min) and temperature (30 °C and 60 °C) on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and activity antioxidant (AA). The variables time and temperature had a positive effect on antioxidant activity (AA) in their highest levels, 60 min and 60 °C, respectively. The solvent ethanol 800 g/mL was more efficient in TPC extracting with AA in all matrices. Rutin was present in high amounts in blueberry and goji berry, and the myricetin in açaí. The açaí showed higher in vitro antioxidant activity when extracted at 60 °C for 60 min. The high correlation coefficient (0.98) of global response (GR) showed that we can find out single and global response in research with multiple dependent variables. The GR analysis indicated the highest values of the TPC and AA when the fruits were extracted at 60°C for 60 min using ethanol as solvent and it was very useful for simplifying and improving the phenolic compounds extraction performance.

Response surface methodology for the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from extra virgin olive oil with functionalized gold nanoparticles

The optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was achieved applying a Response Surface Methodology. A simple and straightforward method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from EVOO has been optimized in the presence of functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs were prepared in the presence of Cysteamine as stabilizing thiol (AuNPs-Cys) in order to obtain a water stable colloidal suspension. The obtained AuNPs-Cys, with mean size of about 10nm were observed by AFM and used as extracting phase of phenolic compounds from EVOO. External parameters influencing the extraction were studied and a Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied for the optimization. The role of AuNPs-Cys quantity (4–12mg), mixing and contact time (30–120min), interfering (olive oil quantity) and phenolic compounds concentration (50–500ppm) were analyzed. An equation model was obtained by applying CCD, with a high significativity (p<0.0001) and low coefficient of variation value (CV=3.14%). Optimization of extraction conditions were modulated up to 99%. This model allows to select the optimal extraction conditions to achieve the best performances and can be widely applied.

Response Surface Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction From Steam Exploded Oak Wood (Quercus mongolica)

Steam explosion was applied to extract phenolic compounds from oak wood (Quercus mongolica). The effects of three independent factors (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time) on the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity from the steam exploded oak wood were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were coded at three levels and their actual values were selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. The following optimal extraction conditions were selected: ethanol concentration 82.0%, extraction temperature 71.7°C, and extraction time 60.5 min for total phenolic content; ethanol concentration 78.3%, extraction temperature 70.3°C, and extraction time 57.6 min for DPPH radical scavenging activity; ethanol concentration 80.6%, extraction temperature 68.4°C, and extraction time 59.0 min for antimicrobial activity. The experimental values agreed with those were predicted within confidence intervals indicating the suitability of RSM in optimizing the ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from the steam exploded oak wood. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value of the total phenolic content was 111.8 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 65.7%, and antimicrobial activity was 17.0 mm, and those are reasonably close to the predicted values (109.2 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, 62.3% and 15.9 mm, respectively).

Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Flax Shives and Their Effect on Human Fibroblasts

The goal of this study was to evaluate the most effective technique for extraction of phenolics present in flax shives and to assess their effect on human fibroblasts. Flax shives are by-products of fibre separation, but they were found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds and thus might have application potential. It was found that the optimal procedure for extraction of phenolics was hydrolysis enhanced by the ultrasound with NaOH for 24 h at 65°C and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate. The influence of the flax shives extract on fibroblast growth and viability was assessed using the MTT and SRB tests. Moreover, the influence of flax shives extract on the extracellular matrix remodelling process was verified. The 20% increase of the viability was observed upon flax shives extract treatment and the decrease of mRNA collagen genes, an increase of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, and reduction in levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and suppressor of cytokinin signaling 1 mRNA were observed. Alterations in MCP-1 mRNA levels were dependent on flax shives extract concentration. Thus, we suggested the possible application of flax shives extract in the wound healing process.

Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Algerian Inula vicosa (L.) Aiton leaves

Extraction of polyphenols from Inula viscosa (L.) leaves has been studied using water as a green solvent. Optimization of the process was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) in order to investigate the effects of three operating parameters, temperature, solid to liquid ratio and stirring speed (ω) in the following ranges : (28-56 ° C), (2-58 g.L -1 ) and (60-341 rpm), respectively. The efficiency of extraction was assessed by measuring polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins contents as well as antiradical activity. The conditions optimizing the yield of polyphenols and antiradical activity were established (T=50°C, S/L= 3 g.L -1 , ω= 217 rpm). Under these conditions, polyphenols content was estimated to 291 mg GAE .g DW -1 , and antiradical power was 83%. Purification of the extract obtained under these optimal extraction conditions increased the antiradical activity to 90%. This antiradical activity is medium (Antiradical efficiency = 10 -3 g DPPH°. (mg AO. min) -1 ) with antioxidant characteristics (IC50= 5µg.mL -1 , EC50 = 125 mg AO. (g DPPH°) -1 and TEC50 = 8min) comparable to those of powerful antioxidants. These results are very promising especially as antioxidant phenolic compounds have beneficial effects on health, and can find major applications in food and pharmaceutical products.

The optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) skin in a reflux system using response surface methodology

ObjectiveTo extract, quantify, and evaluate the phenolic content in Opuntia ficus-indica skin for their antioxidant capacity with three different methods (ABTS, DPPH, and lipid oxidation) and to optimize the extraction conditions (time, temperature and ethanol concentration) in a reflux system. MethodsThe extraction process was done using a reflux system. A San Cristobal II experimental design with three variables and three levels was used. The variables evaluated were time of extraction (h), concentration of ethanol (%, v/v) and temperature (°C). The extraction process was optimized using a response surface methodology. ResultsIt was observed that at higher temperature more phenolic compounds were extracted, but the antioxidant capacity was decreased. The optimum conditions for phenolic compounds extraction and antioxidant capacity mixing the three methods were as follows: 45% of ethanol, 80 °C and 2 hours of extraction. Values obtained in our results are little higher that other previously reported. ConclusionsIt can be concluded the by-products of Opuntia ficus-indica represent a good source of natural antioxidants with possible applications in food, cosmetics or drugs industries.

Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction in an Apple Pomace Flour Enriched WithAgaricus brasiliensis

Agaricus brasiliensis tem sido muito estudado por suas propriedades nutracêuticas. Como essas propriedades podem estar relacionadas a componentes fenólicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar o preparo de amostra, para a determinação de compostos fenólicos totais em uma biofarinha de bagaço de maçã fermentada de forma submersa com A. brasiliensis. Utilizou-se um planejamento fatorial fracionado 24-1, com as variáveis: composição do liquido extrator, concentração do álcool no líquido extrator, tempo e método de extração, utilizando-se o método Folin-Denis. Outras otimizações foram realizadas com as variáveis significativas. O melhor método de extração utilizou etanol a 70%, em homogeneizador por 15 min. O teor de fenólicos totais, em amostras de biofarinhas de bagaço de maçã fermentadas com A. brasiliensis, foi menor (0,04852 ± 0,001458) que o teor encontrado na biofarinha sem fermentar (0,1098 ± 0,001246) (p=3,331.10-16). O sistema de planejamento fatorial foi eficaz para otimização dos resultados. A menor concentração de fenólicos encontrados na biofarinha fermentada é devido provavelmente ao fungo ter metabolizado esses compostos.