Optimization Of Management Decisions Research Articles

Optimization of management decisions in project management of innovatively oriented enterprises in the field of services in the conditions of digitalization and security challenges

Optimization of management decisions in project management of innovatively oriented enterprises in the field of services in the conditions of digitalization and security challenges

THE ROLE OF STAFF IN MANAGING THE COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL OF A MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE

Competitive potential, formed as the potential of innovation-oriented development, contains unused opportunities of accumulated resources that can be put into action to achieve the goals of the motor vehicle enterprise only under the condition of applying new knowledge in various spheres of the enterprise. Thus, only an enterprise that organizes its work in such a way as to constantly accumulate and implement new knowledge, forms its knowledge base that corresponds to the chosen directions of enterprise development, will be able to effectively and fully realize the competitive potential in accordance with the adopted development strategy, will be stably competitive in the modern market and will be able to fit into the technological trajectory of the development of the national economy. The optimal functioning and development of the competitive potential of a motor vehicle enterprise depend on the optimization of management decisions and the organizational management structure within which these decisions are developed and implemented. Therefore, the creation of an effective competitive potential management system at each enterprise, which will ensure the competitiveness of the enterprise, is an urgent necessity. The formation of sustainable competitive advantages of both the economy in general and a specific motor vehicle enterprise is possible only under the condition of effective, rational use of enterprise personnel. The practice of the operation of enterprises confirms that the sequence of principles and methods of attracting and using human capital ensures mutual return, increased profit, and an increase in the level of socio-economic effect. In the current business environment, most managers recognize that the competitive advantage of a motor vehicle enterprise is reflected by the advantage of the personnel of this enterprise compared to others. New equipment, raw materials, equipment of any quality are available to all competitors on the market, so such features of personnel as their knowledge, qualifications, level of training, continuous development, etc. can become the main advantage among competitors.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ В УМОВАХ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО РИЗИКУ І НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

Based on the study of theory and practice, the article reveals issues related to optimization of management decisions in conditions of entrepreneurial risk and uncertainty, as well as presents the relevant conclusions and proposals in this direction, in particular: optimization of management decisions in conditions of entrepreneurial risk and uncertainty includes the choice of methods and tools for regulating the degree of entrepreneurial risk, as well as economic evaluation of decisions in uncertainty – a set of methods and a system of appropriate techniques to reflect specific production situations in economic indicators of profitability, profitability, costs, unprofitable activities of the entrepreneurial structure.

Assessment of the possibility of operating low-pressure hydroelectric facilities in order to improve the conditions of navigation in their lower reaches

The paper provides an assessment of the projected low-pressure hydroelectric facility operation on the Volga River from the point of view of navigation conditions in its lower reach. The operating mode of the low-pressure hydroelectric facility completely depends on the hourly discharges of the Nizhny Novgorod HPP, located upstream. Significant unevenness in time of the supplied discharges from the Nizhny Novgorod HPP, which, repeating itself when discharging flows into the lower reach of the Nizhniy Novgorod low-pressure hydroelectric facility, can lead to negative consequences for shipping in terms of failure to provide transport passes and necessary depths. It is proposed to reduce the unevenness of discharges by introducing diurnal flow regulation into the low-pressure hydroelectric facility operation, aimed at changing the hydrological regime of the river section to improve the conditions and organize uninterrupted and safe navigation in the lower reach. Achievement of the regulation goal associated with minimization of interval deviations of the supplied flow rates from Nizhny Novgorod HPP from the daily average values and the fulfillment of the restrictions on the hydrological regime of the low-pressure hydroelectric facility ponds, is achieved by two control options (three-stage and two-stage). The study used the methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory, optimization of management decisions. The methodology of the mathematical model limitations’ nonfulfillment elimination for solving the problem and optimization of the low-pressure hydroelectric facility daily hydrograph is presented. Using a specific example, the problem of diurnal regulation of discharges is solved and the obtained effect is described.

Некоторые аспекты кадрового управления с целью снижения операционнных рисков компании

Optimization of management decisions from the point of view of staffing of economic entities is currently the task of minimizing operational risks in order to increase the economic stability of companies. In this connection, the relevance of monitoring the activities of officials in the field of business management increases both before employment and during economic activity on the basis of monitoring the management decisions made, the personal qualities of managers and their competencies, as well as professional development or retraining. In turn, the main problem of the personnel management system of the enterprise as a whole is the redistribution of activities (functions) of managers of all levels, the definition of personal characteristics in accordance with this functional and the formation of a risk culture.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SUPPORT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

Abstract. The article examines the impact of information and communication support on the process of making quality management decisions aimed at achieving sustainable development of higher education institutions in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the European educational space. The essence of sustainable development of higher education institutions and the specifics of its achievement within competition of educational services in the market, which is especially acute in the conditions of European integration, are considered. The necessity of using effective information and communication support in the development of high-quality management decisions aimed at achieving sustainable development of higher education institutions is determined. The process of making managerial decisions is considered and the quality of making managerial decisions is characterized. The organizational aspects of making quality management decisions are determined. The sequence of actions on the decision of the problems arising in the course of activities of the higher education institutions is offered. The approaches to be considered in the course of accepting qualitative administrative decisions directed on the achievement of sustainable development of higher education institutions on the basis of management of information and communication maintenance of their activity are considered. The influence of people who make management decisions on their quality and effectiveness is determined. The requirements to the quality criteria of managerial decision-making, which are put forward in the development of economic and mathematical models of managerial decision-making aimed at achieving sustainable development of higher education institutions, are studied. The principles of optimization of management decisions are considered. Keywords: management, management decisions, high-quality management decisions, information and communication support. JEL Classification C44, D8, I25 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 16.

МЕТОДИКА ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВИРОБНИЧОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ПОРТОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Limited development opportunities for almost every company requires an appropriate methodology for assessing the use of production potential of the enterprise.The organization of the production capacity assessment procedure should be considered as a system. On the one hand, it must be comprehensive to ensure the completeness of the information field for all types of resources and the purpose of their use, on the other hand, in order to save costs, it is advisable to combine this system with the control system of the enterprise. When studying the problems of determining the effectiveness of resource potential, it is necessary to consider approaches to its evaluation. Comprehensive assessment of the production potential of the enterprise is a necessary stage of strategic and crisis analysis and management. A large number of approaches to assessing the production potential of the enterprise does not always correspond to economic conditions, not all should be used to assess the production potential of the port enterprise. Assessment of each component of production capacity allows not only to determine the overall level of capacity, but also to assess the efficiency of resource use depending on the value of individual indicators. Other approaches are more likely to determine the overall level of capacity, without focusing on assessing the completeness of its use. The clarification of criteria for assessing production potential is required. The change in indicators that can be useful for assessing the level of potential depends on the specialization. For example, for the port industry, indicators include the use of fixed assets. To establish specific assessment criteria, it is necessary to group port enterprises according to the overall level of capacity.Assessment of production potential of enterprise is an important stage of management, which is the basis for determining the level of capacity and optimization of management decisions on its development.Keywords: enterprise potential, production potential, evaluation methods, production capabilities, efficiency evaluation, enterprise management.

Development of the Urban Environment Based on the Optimization of Management Decision-Making

The presented study identifies approaches to decision-making aimed at the optimal development of the urban environment.Aim. The study aims to develop proposals for improving methodological approaches aimed at the development of the urban environment and for using these approaches in the preparation of the corresponding management decisions.Tasks. The author assesses the problem of urbanization and shows how it affects the need to modernize the urban environment; formulates the principles of optimization of management decision-making aimed at the development of the urban environment; evaluates the possibility of the practical implementation of these principles (through the example of the federal city of St. Petersburg).Methods. This study uses strategic analysis, systems and case-based approach, comparative and retrospective analysis.Results. The practical aspects of designing the processes and approaches to urban environment management are examined. The efficiency of management is shown to depend largely on the optimization of management decisions that could improve the effectiveness of individual services aimed at the formation and development of a modern urban environment in the long term. The study describes the successful experience of St. Petersburg in developing the complex of urban environment management services.Conclusions. Improving urban environment management is an important aspect of increasing the population’s quality of life. As evidenced by St. Petersburg’s experience, to achieve a high level of comfort in the urban environment it is necessary to actively use the principles of consistency, innovation, and public participation in decision-making. The author recommends normative consolidation of these principles and their more active practical application in the management of Russian cities.

Перспективы антикоррупционного просвещения населения на Дальнем Востоке: социологический анализ

On the basis of quantitative and qualitative expert sociological surveys, the article presents a model of anti-corruption education in Russia. This model is formed by seven main elements: basis, principles, subjects, objects, methods and means, content of materials (semantic orientation), indicators of the effectiveness of anti-corruption education. Comparing the obtained sociological data characterizing these elements with the corresponding elements of the anti-corruption mechanism enshrined in the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the authors identified a number of inconsistencies. They concern, first of all, the principles, subjects of implementation of anti-corruption education, as well as indicators for assessing its effectiveness. For example, experts suggest using non-statutory principles of financial support and standardization of materials presented in the framework of such education when conducting anti-corruption education. At the same time, for the optimization of management decisions in the field of anti-corruption education, scientific and practical interest and contradictions identified within the obtained sociological data are of interest. Such contradictions are most clearly traced in relation to the subjects and objects of anti-corruption education.

OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF INDICATORS OF THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND TAX ACCOUNTING

OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF INDICATORS OF THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND TAX ACCOUNTING

Regression model of assessment of customer solvency and banking risks in the process of lending

In the current conditions of economic development, it is important to pay attention to the study of the main types of risks, effective methods of evaluation, monitoring, analysis of banking risks. One of the main approaches to quantitatively assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers is credit scoring. The objective of credit scoring is to optimize management decisions regarding the possibility of providing bank loans. In the article, the scientific and methodological provisions concerning the formation of a regression model for assessing bank risks in the process of granting loans to borrowers has been proposed. The proposed model is based on the use of logistic regression tools, discriminant analysis with the use of expert evaluation. During the formation of a regression model, the relationship between risk factors and probable magnitude of loan risk has been established. In the course of calculations, the coefficient of the individual's solvency has been calculated. Direct computer data preparation, including the calculation of the indicators selected in the process of discriminant analysis, has been carried out in the Excel package environment, followed by their import into the STATISTICA package for analysis in the “Logistic regression” sub-module of the “Nonlinear evaluation” module. The adequacy of the constructed model has been determined using the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index. The calculated value of the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index indicates the adequacy of the constructed model. The ability to issue loans to new clients has been evaluated using a regression model. The conducted calculations show the possibility of granting a loan exclusively to the second and third clients. The offered method allows to conduct assessment of client's solvency and risk prevention at different stages of lending, facilitates the possibility to independently make informed decisions on credit servicing of clients and management of a loan portfolio, optimization of management decisions in banks. In order for a loan-based model to continue to perform its functions, it must be periodically adjusted.

Preventing Faults in Machine Tools for Critical Cooperative and Distributed Industrial Productions

A critically important high-tech industrial enterprise forms part of a territorially distributed cooperative production system. Precise optimization of management decisions regarding fault prevention in its stock of machine tools is very important. Up-to-date tools for management decisions must be used for that purpose. Those tools must support the basic management functions and include software for high-level mathematical models of machine-tool operation (models of the state of the equipment and a model of its use in the course of production) and a model of the economic potential of the enterprises.

Optimization of management decisions in management of investment-building projects

The purpose of the work is to improve the success of investment and construction projects by increasing the success of management decisions based on their optimization.
 The paper analyzes the concept of optimization of the solution and the general principles of this process.
 The analysis results:
 
 the certain incorrectness of using separate criteria of optimization of the decision for strategic and operational decisions in the management of investment-construction projects is substantiated;
 it is suggested to use a complex criterion for optimizing managerial decisions taking into account the constraints and the potential of their success.
 
 In the article methods of making optimal strategic and operational decisions for management of investment-construction projects, with optimiza-tion of decisions on the basis of a complex criterion, are developed.
 The proposed approach allows the project manager to adopt optimized, potentially successful management solutions.
 Also, the method of selecting the optimal investment and construction projects from the point of view of the end user.

Dynamic growth models for continuous cover multi-species forestry in Iranian Caspian forests

This study concerns some of the relevant topics of the Iranian Caspian forestry planning problem, in particular the first central components in this modelling process, such as forest modelling, forest statistics and growth function estimations. The required data was collected from Iranian Caspian forests. To do so, 201 sample plots were determined and the parameters such as number of trees, tree diameter at breast height and tree height were measured at each sample plot. Three sample plots at different 3 elevations were chosen to measure the tree increment. Data has been used to estimate a modified logistic growth model and a model that describes the growth of the basal area of individual trees as a function of basal area. General function analysis has been applied in combination with regression analysis. The results are interpreted from ecological perspectives. Furthermore, a dynamic multi-species growth model theory is developed and analysed with respect to dynamic behaviour, equilibria, convergence and stability. Logistic growth models have been found applicable for continuous cover forest management optimization. Optimization of management decisions in a changing and not perfectly predictable world should always be based on adaptive optimization.

Hidden dispersal in an urban world: genetic analysis reveals occasional long-distance dispersal and limited spatial substructure among Dutch pine martens

Especially in urbanized landscapes, habitat fragmentation and increasing numbers of infrastructural features may limit genetic exchange among wildlife populations. Yet, whether this results in genetic differentiation among individuals in different habitat fragments will depend on both the species studied and the composition of the landscape. European pine martens (Martes martes) show clear spatial structure at a Europe-wide scale, but whether gene flow among habitat patches can be maintained at a more local scale in intensively urbanized areas remained unclear. Here, we analysed genotypic data from 270 pine martens sampled from locations scattered across the Netherlands, one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Using Bayesian clustering models we show that most likely maximum two large subpopulations exist in the Netherlands. We observed relatively low levels of genetic differentiation and genetic evidence of regular long-distance dispersal by juveniles that must have crossed one or multiple major highways. Our results suggest that genetic exchange among Dutch pine martens has, until 2010, not been impacted severely by the countries’ dense infrastructural network. Furthermore this species seems to have maintained its genetic diversity despite a recent demographic bottleneck. These conclusions support the idea that the effects of habitat fragmentation may strongly differ between (groups of) species, and that prioritization and optimization of management decisions thus requires direct study of the targeted species.

Comparison of the environmental indicators of phosphorus efficiency and the balance between saffron and wheat production systems in the Qaenat region, Iran

Improving the resource use efficiency in agro- ecosystems is an importantfactor for reducing environmental pollution. To evaluate phosphorus (P) efficiency andbalance indicators, research was conducted in wheat and saffron production systems inthe Qaenat region (South Khorasan Province, Iran) during 2011 and 2012, based on themethod of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Therequired information about wheat and saffron cultivation was collected via questionnairesand the required coefficients were obtained from various literatures. The results showedthat the phosphorus efficiency and balance indicators were significantly different betweendistinct districts only in the case of wheat crops. The highest P efficiencies of wheat andsaffron farms were 7.21% and 2.93%, respectively. Additionally, P efficiency andbalance indicators showed a significant difference between both crops in some districts,so that wheat had higher P efficiency than saffron, which was mainly because of thedifferent amounts of animal manure applied to these crops. There was no significantdifference between the different ages of saffron farms for P efficiency and balance.Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between P efficiency andbalance indicators. It would appear that there are many opportunities for improving theefficiency of P and to prevent environmental pollution through the optimization ofmanagement decisions.

Radionuclide cineangiography in acute myocardial infarction: Role in prognostication

Radionuclide-based procedures have achieved frequent application in acute myocardial infarction (MI). While these methods can be employed in diagnosis and assessment of therapy, diagnosis usually can be made more easily and with less expense when other methods are employed. Assessment of therapy, while potentially of value, has not been evaluated in a manner which can provide practical guidelines for clinical application. Practical utility has been associated with the use of radionuclide-based techniques in prognostication after infarction; this application is crucial to the formulation and optimization of management decisions. While myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and infarct-avid-agent imaging have been employed in prognostication after infarction, the largest body of prognostic data are available in association with radionuclide cineangiography. When determined in the early hours after infarction, a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 30% indicates a high likelihood of in-hospital mortality, irrespective of the site of infarction. When determined shortly prior to hospital discharge, LVEF less than 30% indicates a high likelihood of posthospital mortality, perhaps as high as 25% during the first year, and reaching 30% by the end of 2 years after infarction. Conversely, LVEF greater than or equal to 30% indicates an 8% 2-year postinfarction mortality risk. While LVEF is a highly potent risk descriptor, considerable evidence suggests the LVEF determined during exercise prior to hospital discharge also provides risk stratification, and may be superior to, or at least additive to, LVEF at rest as a prognostic index.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)