Optimal Layout Scheme Research Articles

Multi-point layout planning method for multi-energy power system based on complex adaptive system theory

Aiming at the problem of multi-point layout planning of multi-energy power system, the output characteristics of multi-energy power system composed of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower generation, traditional thermal power generation and solar thermal power generation are comprehensively analyzed. Combining power optimization planning with complex adaptive system theory, a multi-point layout planning model of multi-energy sources based on complex adaptive system theory is proposed. The model takes the minimum construction step size of each new energy source as the agent. Through the interaction between the agents and the accumulation of experience, the behavior rules are constantly changed, the installed positions of various types of power sources are adjusted, and the optimal layout scheme of various power capacities of each node is obtained. Moreover, an agent modeling method based on simple rules emerging complex phenomena is proposed, which reveals the core idea of complex adaptive system theory—adaptability makes complexity. Taking an actual power grid in a certain region of China as an example, it is verified that the proposed method has significant effect on improving the consumption of new energy, and has certain guiding significance for the actual engineering construction.

Using Taxi GPS Trajectory Data to Optimize the Spatial Layout of Urban Taxi Stands

The unreasonable layout of taxi stands (TS) in urban areas not only fails to provide bidirectional guidance for drivers and passengers but also wastes spatial resources and aggravates the surrounding traffic. This paper compares the performance of three classical location models in optimizing TS spatial layout, and develops an extended model integrating the p-median and distance factor to support TS site selection in urban planning from multiple perspectives. To this end, taxi demand with spatial–temporal dynamics is extracted from taxi global positioning system (GPS) data to uncover the restrictive distribution characteristics of the setting areas and specific locations of TS with GIS platform. Taxi demand is then subdivided, and potential service points are set up on the road network. With the constraints of the supply and demand environment, we design the TS location models (TSLM) based on the set covering problem (SCP), the maximal covering location problem (MCLP), and the p-median problem (PMP), respectively. Furthermore, the TSLM based on PMP is extended to consider the maximum acceptable distance for passengers. A genetic algorithm-based procedure is introduced for solving the extended TSLM. An experiment conducted in China compares the facility coverage capacity, taxi demand allocation, and passenger access willingness of the optimal layout schemes obtained from four TSLMs. The number of parking spaces at TS is also evaluated. The result demonstrates that extended TSLM outperforms the other three models in the validity of locating TS.

Research on Indoor Comprehensive Sensor Layout Method Based on Grid Method

With the development of key technologies for environment change perception, accurate perception of user load status becomes possible. Sensing the user’s load status can reduce the transformation of the medium-voltage power grid, save the investment cost of the equipment for supporting the construction of the power grid, and improve the investment efficiency of the power grid. In this paper, based on the consideration of the user’s indoor scene, space area, flexible device distribution and building structure, etc., with the goal of maximizing the credibility of the indoor perception network, an optimal networked indoor sensor layout model is established. The weight of each sensing grid is calculated based on the sawing mapping, and the layout method with the highest trust is selected as the optimal indoor comprehensive sensor layout scheme. Finally, based on the case of an actual house, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed model and method in indoor sensor layout are verified.

Optimization of the spatial pattern of land use in mountain towns -- a case study of Yuexi county, Anqing city, Anhui province

There are a lot of unused land and land type distribution problems in the land use layout of mountain towns. Mountainous area is widely distributed in China. In the past, scholars focused on the big cities in the planning of land use layout, but paid little attention to the towns in mountainous area.This paper takes Yuexi county, Anqing city, Anhui province as the research area, and based on the principle of multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Firstly, the current land use map was pretreated with unused land and aggregation. The unused land was converted into a high-grade land type according to the suitability map. The aggregation processing increases the aggregation of a certain land type in the eight neighboring areas. Then, the multi-objective function is combined with the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm, and the PSO algorithm is used to update the iterative operation, and the optimal layout scheme is selected. Finally, from the area changes before and after the optimization, economic, ecological benefits and spatial layout of the evaluation. The results showed that the optimized economic and ecological benefits were 9092.7397 million yuan and 40.09377 million yuan higher than the original, respectively. Moreover, after the optimization, the landscape fragmentation index of the original layout was improved by 0.019930486 per hectare compared with that of the original, and the aggregation was greatly improved in space, so the research has corresponding value.

Optimal stereoscopic angle for reconstructing solar wind inhomogeneous structures

This paper is aimed at finding the best separation angle between spacecraft for the three-dimensional reconstruction of solar-wind inhomogeneous structures by the CORrelation-Aided Reconstruction(CORAR) method. The analysis is based on the dual-point heliospheric observations from the STEREO HI-1 cameras. We produced synthetic HI-1 white-light images containing artificial blob-like structures in different positions in the common field of view of the two HI-1 cameras and reconstruct the structures with CORAR method. The distributions of performance levels of the reconstruction for spacecraft separation of 60°,90°,120° and 150° are obtained. It is found that when the separation angle is 120°, the performance of the reconstruction is the best and the separation angle of 90° is the next. A brief discussion of the results are given as well. Based on this study, we suggest the optimal layout scheme of the recently proposed Solar Ring mission, which is designed to routinely observe the Sun and the inner heliosphere from multiple perspectives in the ecliptic plane.

ANALYSIS OF LAYOUT SCHEMES OF SLEEPING CARS

Purpose. The purpose of the work is the development, analysis and selection of layout schemes for passenger cars according to the number and location of enclosed platforms and sanitary facilities for creating promising competitive sleeping cars of various comfort levels and assessing the prospects of mastering their mass production in terms of ensuring maximum capacity. Methodology. An analysis of the layout schemes and planning of existing sleeping cars of various European manufacturers and layout schemes of promising cars in terms of size, number and placement of enclosed platforms and sanitary facilities was carried out according to the proposed criteria and performance for the efficiency of design solutions and the comfort of cars. Findings. Designed layout schemes of promising sleeping cars equipped with two or one enclosed platform and three or four sanitary facilities for general use – lavatory rooms, lavatory rooms combined with shower racks or shower cabins and separate shower cabins. A technique is proposed for assessing the efficiency of the developed design solutions and the comfort of promising sleeping cars in terms of the number, purpose and location of sanitary facilities and the ease of their use by passengers. Based on the analysis of the proposed layout schemes, their optimal variants were selected, recommended for creating promising competitive sleeping cars of a substantially higher comfort level. Originality. For the first time, an analysis of existing and new layout schemes of passenger sleeping cars by the number and placement of enclosed platforms and the number, types and placement of public sanitary facilities based on the developed methodology for an objective assessment of the efficiency of layout solutions, levels of car comfort and ease of their use by passengers. Practical value of the work lies in the possibility of a reasonable choice already at the stage of development of outline proposals for optimal layout schemes for creating promising competitive sleeping cars of different classes of increased comfort levels.

Decentralized Genetic Algorithm for Dynamic Plant Layout Problem

The research of dynamic plant layout problem (DPLP) is to find the optimal layout scheme within multiple periods of production, with the increasing scale of calculation, the efficiency of the traditional centralized algorithm may be decreased. In this paper, we proposed a decentralized genetic algorithm (DGA) which combines genetic algorithm (GA) with decentralized optimization technology. Simulation experiments are carried out to compare the decentralized genetic algorithm with the centralized one, and the result shows that the decentralized method is better than the latter at convergence rate and optimization result. On the other way, the decentralized algorithm is a parallel computing technology, so it can improve computational efficiency especially in high-complexity systems.

Emergency monitoring layout method for sudden air pollution accidents based on a dispersion model, fuzzy evaluation, and post-optimality analysis

Air pollutant distributions identified through monitoring form an important basis for devising adequate emergency responses against sudden air pollution accidents (SAPAs). However, studies on the optimisation of monitoring layouts for SAPAs, which can help us better understand air pollutant dispersion, are lacking. We developed an emergency monitoring layout optimisation method for SAPAs that combines an air pollutant dispersion model, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM), and a post-optimality analysis technique (POAT) to identify the optimal monitoring layout scheme based on a field sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) leakage test. The impact of the number of monitoring sites on the results (coverage rate and accuracy) were investigated and analysed through a proposed comprehensive evaluation method. A monitoring result–monitoring number curve was plotted to determine the optimal number of monitoring sites. Two scenarios, i.e. with and without environmentally sensitive monitoring sites, were analysed. The results showed that the developed optimisation method can effectively consider the role of sensitive sites and obtain a feasible network for monitoring SAPAs. The coverage rates of the optimal monitoring layout schemes were 76.2% and 61.9% for the two case scenarios, respectively; the relative deviations of mean air pollutant concentrations at the sites were 14.6% and −12.2%, respectively. We investigated the effect of incorporating POAT into the method by comparing the optimal emergency monitoring layout schemes based on dispersion model–FCEM and model–FCEM–POAT. The results showed that the coverage rates of the optimised monitoring layout schemes improved when POAT was introduced. The proposed method can help determine an adequate, optimised emergency monitoring network for SAPAs.

Design Method of Engine Room Equipment Layout Based on Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

Engine room is the place where marine power equipments, pipelines and other equipments are arranged centrally. In order to optimize the design process of engine room equipment layout, this paper proposes a method for the optimization design of engine room layout baesd on improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. By constructing the personnel activity space model and equipment space model, formulating the engine room environment constraint conditions dominated by personnel experience factors and obtaining the feasible scheme of engine room equipment layout. By designing the evaluation model of equipment layout plan in the engine room, formulating the evaluation method dominated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm and obtaining the optimal layout scheme. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the improved method directly retains the influence of the design experience factors of personnel, which can make engine room equipment layout and pipelines more in line with engineering requirements, as well as provide better equipment accessibility and personnel accessibility.

Study on Layout Planning and Design of Steel Logistics Park

In order to put forward in order to achieve high operational efficiency, the research is starts with the actual situation of steel logistics park, put forward the optimal layout scheme and designing the elements of traffic organization within the park. This paper is committed to shorten the flow distance of goods in the park under the conditions of permission, to minimize the cost of material handling; reduce the floor space of the park through a reasonable functional area layout, reduce the fixed cost; realize the principle of humanization. Plan system simulation model, enrich logistics park planning and design theory, improve current logistics park space utilization rate, reduce construction cost, enhance cooperation channels among enterprises in the park, and help to realize the scale benefits of steel logistics park.

The influence of stability of technological operations on the efficiency of functioning of automatic lines in woodworking

The Article studies the influence of stability of technological operations and the location of machines with different stability and reliability on the efficiency of automatic lines. With the help of simulation modeling of the processes of functioning of automatic lines, which consist of machines of different productivity, the influence of the stability of the equipment on the productivity of the production system in stochastic conditions is investigated. Improving the productivity of automatic lines is carried out by developing optimal equipment layout schemes, structural and parametric optimization and reservation. The aim of the study is to establish the nature of the impact of the stability of technological operations on the performance of the automatic line in the event of a random change in the duration of technological operations. In stochastic operations research problems, it is too difficult to obtain analytical dependences of the qualitative indicators of the technological process on the operating conditions of the equipment. To achieve this goal, a universal method of statistical modeling is used, which simulates the process of automatic lines on a computer. Detailed studies of the process of automatic lines with stochastic duration of technological operations provide an opportunity to scientifically substantiate the experience of woodworking equipment and create conditions for designing optimal automated systems in terms of productivity, reliability and cost-effectiveness and identify ways to increase productivity of automatic lines by technical and organizational measures. Composing automatic lines with new high-performance machines is one of the ways to improve the productivity of lines, but not always economically justified, because it does not eliminate, but only weakens the influence of random factors on the efficiency of the technological process and creates more complex stochastic factors. One of the ways to solve this problem is to ensure maximum rhythm of operation of existing machines in automatic lines by increasing the stability of the equipment.

A GIS-Based Evaluation of Environmental Sensitivity for an Urban Expressway in Shenzhen, China

Abstract Urban eco-environmental degradation is becoming inevitable due to the extensive urbanization, population growth, and socioeconomic development in China. One of the traffic arteries in Shenzhen is an urban expressway that is under construction and that runs across environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs). The environmental pollution from urban expressways is critical, due to the characteristics of expressways such as high runoff coefficients, considerable contaminant accumulation, and complex pollutant ingredients. ESAs are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and hence should be given special attention. In order to evaluate the environmental sensitivity along this urban expressway and minimize the influences of the ongoing road construction and future operation on the surrounding ecosystem, the environmental sensitivity of the relevant area was evaluated based on the application of a geographic information system (GIS). A final ESA map was classified into four environmental sensitivity levels; this classification indicates that a large proportion of the expressway passes through areas of high sensitivity, representing 11.93 km or 52.3% of the total expressway, and more than 90% of the total expressway passes through ESAs. This study provides beneficial information for optimal layout schemes of initial rainfall runoff treatment facilities developed from low-impact development (LID) techniques in order to minimize the impact of polluted road runoff on the surrounding ecological environment.

Measurement of projectile’s in-bore yaw based on the optical lever principle

The initial disturbance of a projectile emerging from the gun muzzle is a major reason for the projectile dispersion. Therefore, measurements of initial disturbances have a great value in improving the understanding. This paper establishes a mathematical model of the measurement system for the projectile’s in-bore orientation, by utilizing the theory of ray tracing and kinematics. The layout of the optical apparatuses is attributed to an optimization problem, and the genetic algorithm is implemented to acquire an optimal layout scheme, which is further verified by test. Also, the linear time-invariant characteristics of the measurement system are numerically verified in the context of spatial ray. These investigations will provide a technical support for the experiment, the optical apparatuses’ layout and calibration of the measurement system.

Optimal layout of long-gauge sensors for deformation distribution identification

Structural deflection can be identified from measured strains from long gague sensors, but the sensor layout scheme greatly influences on the accuracy of identified resutls. To determine the optimal sensor layout scheme for accurate deflection identification of the tied arch bridge, the method of optimal layout of long-gauge fiber optic sensors is studied, in which the characteristic curve is first developed by using the bending macro-strain curve under multiple target load conditions, then optimal sensor layout scheme with different number of sensors are determined. A tied arch bridge is studied as an example to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for static and dynamic deflection identification.

Study on anti-freezing functional design of phase change and temperature control composite bridge decks

The bridge decks during the winter time usually present a poor performance of freeze resistance. Using the phase change energy-storing technology and functionally-graded materials design method, we designed and prepared a composite anti-freezing bridge deck structure. Compared with conventional bridge decks, the anti-freezing bridge deck has a phase change functional layer which consisted of high strength seamless steel pipes paved parallelly at a certain interval, and the liquid phase change materials are filled in the pipes. Through theoretical study and laboratory model tests, it has been proven that the large amount of heat given off by the new bridge deck structure during the liquid-solid phase change process has a good effect on melting ice and snow. On the other hand, in order to research the influence the heat has on the mechanical properties of the bridge deck, a simulation analysis has processed by the finite element software. The results show that: the seamless steel pipe buried in the transformation function layer has an effect on the reinforcement of the deck structure, which also greatly enhances the overall strength and stiffness. The bottom layer tensile stress and vertical displacement of the phase change functional layer are about 74% and 92% respectively of those without one. Meanwhile, the average values of tensile stress and the vertical displacement of the former are less than those of the latter. Finally, an optimal layout scheme was found through the comparative analysis of influence of pipe spacing and depth while the bridge deck was experiencing stress.

Layout Optimization of Sensor-based Reconstruction of Explosion Overpressure Field Based on the Genetic Algorithm

In underwater blasting experiment, the layout of the sensor has always been highly concerned. From the perspective of reconstruction with explosion overpressure field, the paper presents four indicators, which can obtain the optimal sensor layout scheme and guide sensor layout in practical experiment, combining with the genetic algorithm with global search. Then, a multi-scale model in every subregion of underwater blasting field was established to be used simulation experiments. By Matlab, the variation of these four indicators with different sensor layout, and reconstruction accuracy are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a conclusion has been raised through the analysis and comparison of simulation results, that the program can get a better sensor layout. It requires fewer number of sensors to be able to get good results with high accuracy. In the actual test explosions, we can refer to this scheme laid sensors.

Stability and economy analysis based on computational fluid dynamics and field testing of hybrid-driven underwater glider with the water quality sensor in Danjiangkou Reservoir

Hybrid-driven underwater glider is a new kind of unmanned platform for water quality monitoring. It has advantages such as high controllability and maneuverability, low cost, easy operation, and ability to carry multiple sensors. This article develops a hybrid-driven underwater glider, PETRELII, and integrates a water quality monitoring sensor. Considering stability and economy, an optimal layout scheme is selected from four candidates by simulation using computational fluid dynamics method. Trials were carried out in Danjiangkou Reservoir—important headwaters of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In the trials, a monitoring strategy with polygonal mixed-motion was adopted to make full use of the advantages of the unmanned platform. The measuring data, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, chlorophyll, and ammonia nitrogen, are obtained. These data validate the practicability of the theoretical layout obtained using computational fluid dynamics method and the practical performance of PETRELII with sensor.

An Optimization Method for the Remanufacturing Dynamic Facility Layout Problem with Uncertainties

Remanufacturing is a practice of growing importance due to increasing environmental awareness and regulations. Facility layout design, as the cornerstone of effective facility planning, is concerned about resource localization for a well-coordinated workflow that leads to lower material handling costs and reduced lead times. However, due to stochastic returns of used products/components and their uncontrollable quality conditions, the remanufacturing process exhibits a high level of uncertainty challenging the facility layout design for remanufacturing. This paper undertakes this problem and presents an optimization method for remanufacturing dynamic facility layout with variable process capacities, unequal processing cells, and intercell material handling. A dynamic multirow layout model is presented for layout optimization and a modified simulated annealing heuristic is proposed toward the determination of optimal layout schemes. The approach is demonstrated through a machine tool remanufacturing system.

Layout Optimization of Sensor-based Reconstruction of Explosion Overpressure Field Based on the Genetic Algorithm

In underwater blasting experiment, the layout of the sensor has always been highly concerned. From the perspective of reconstruction with explosion overpressure field, the paper presents four indicators, which can obtain the optimal sensor layout scheme and guide sensor layout in practical experiment, combining with the genetic algorithm with global search. Then, a multi-scale model in every subregion of underwater blasting field was established to be used simulation experiments. By Matlab, the variation of these four indicators with different sensor layout, and reconstruction accuracy are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a conclusion has been raised through the analysis and comparison of simulation results, that the program can get a better sensor layout. It requires fewer number of sensors to be able to get good results with high accuracy. In the actual test explosions, we can refer to this scheme laid sensors.

Multi-objective optimal layout of distributed storm-water detention

The determination of locations and sizes for such a system is important in a drainage master plan or a storm-water management system. However, the distribution of detentions in the upstream and midstream is often more dispersed using many combinations of volume scales. This paper uses the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm combined with the Storm Water Management Model to explore and calculate the optimal layout scheme for decentralized rainwater detention. The purpose is to find a design and planning method that can achieve the optimal balance of decentralized detention considering the aspects of flood disaster control, peak flow reduction, and investment cost. The optimal results of Pareto in applied case show that among the five most unfavourable nodes, the detentions with different layout volumes and relatively smaller size can control water logging from rainstorm. The project cost is effectively reduced and the standard of the return period of the regional rainwater system is enhanced from 2 to 20 years.