Optimal Land Use Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN SERBIA AND BULGARIA

Land is the most important resource for the sustainable development of agriculture. Optimal use of land for the production of a sufficient amount of food, while simultaneously preserving biodiversity and its quality, is very important within the policy of preserving resources for future generations. Safety in food production represent one of the most important goals of sustainable development consist in actual the 2030 Agenda. We face numerous problems related to land. Degradation due to excessive use of modern agrotechnical means in food production, deforestation, erosion, excessive urbanization, floods are just some of the most common problems in land policy. An important problem is the abandonment of land use for agricultural production and its underutilization. Serbia and Bulgaria have significant areas of agricultural land. The subject of research in this paper is the share of agricultural and arable land in the total land area in Serbia and Bulgaria. The focus of the analysis is the average size of farm land, the percentage of irrigated land, and the production structure on farms, as well as the contribution of agriculture to the realization of added value in the creation of GDP. Agriculture and the food industry play a significant role in creating GDP, employment and exports and reducing the foreign deficit. Bearing in mind that the Republic of Serbia is in the process of joining the European Union, it is necessary to reform the agricultural policy and adapt it to the Common Agricultural Policy. This is one of the most important and demanding reforms in the integration policy process. The entire European model of agricultural development is based on the concept of sustainable development. Agricultural land policy in this process is of great importance and the experiences of EU member countries are important. The results of the research should indicate different experiences and recommendations that can be useful in agricultural land management policy. Land policy measures are aimed at creating optimal conditions for agricultural production while achieving the goals of all dimensions of sustainable development. Strategic approach in land management policy in Bulgaria provides guidelines and an example of good practice for taking measures and activities in the direction of its improvement in the Republic of Serbia. These results are also the basis for examining the causes of insufficient utilization of available natural resources and the balanced development that ensures the production of sufficient quantities of food and the preservation of the environment. Keywords: agricultural land, arable land, sustainable development JEL codes: Q15, Q18, Q24

Comparison of the effects of five long‐term land use and management practices on runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss under natural rainfall in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

AbstractClarifying the effects of various land‐use and management practices on soil erosion and nutrient loss of sloping land can help optimize land use patterns and management strategies. This study assessed the effects of five long‐term land‐use and management practices on runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient losses. Field data from runoff plots established in 2006 in bare land (BL), natural vegetation restoration (NVR), no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) were used in two seasons of natural rainfall (from July to September in 2021 and 2022). The results indicated that the runoff depth (RD) was 84.1% and 43.2%–81.7% lower, the sediment yield (SY) was 99.9% and 96.9%–99.8% lower, the total nitrogen (TN) loss was 99.1% and 93.1%–98.6% lower, and the total phosphorous (TP) loss was 99.8% and 96.7%–99.7% lower in the NVR and three tillage practices, respectively than in the BL. The RD, SY, and nutrient losses were significantly lower in NT than in RT and CT. The TN loss in runoff contributed to 88.3% and 87.6% of the TN loss in the NVR and NT, respectively, whereas the TN loss in the sediment (TN‐SL) for BL accounted for 94.7% of the TN loss in BL. Meanwhile, most of the TP loss (56.1%–99.7%) was attributed to soil erosion rather than runoff in the five treatments. Furthermore, the effect of runoff and SY on nutrient losses differed significantly for the five land‐use and management practices. The effects of runoff and SY on the TP loss were negligible in the NVR and three tillage treatments. However, the effects on the TN loss were larger. Rainfall erosivity had the largest effect on runoff, SY, and nutrient loss in the five treatments. Our findings can help land managers to select sustainable measures to control soil and nutrient losses in sloped farmland in Northeast China.

Impact of wine-grape continuous cropping on soil enzyme activity and the composition and function of the soil microbial community in arid areas.

Continuous cropping affected the stability of soil enzyme activity and the structural characteristics of microbial community. Owing to challenges in the study of complex rhizosphere microbial communities, the composition and function of these microbial communities in farmland ecosystems remain elusive. Here, we studied the microbial communities of the rhizosphere of wine grapes with different years of continuous cropping and investigated their relationships with soil enzyme activity. Metagenomic sequencing was conducted on the rhizosphere soils from one uncultivated wasteland and four vineyards with varying durations of continuous cropping. The predominant microbial were bacteria (98.39%), followed by archaea (1.15%) and eukaryotes (0.45%). Continuous cropping caused a significant increase in the relative abundance of Rhizobiales and Micrococcales but a marked decrease in Solirubrobacterales. At the genus level, 75, 88, 65, 132, and 128 microbial genera were unique to uncultivated wasteland, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of continuous cropping, respectively. The relative abundance of genes with signal transduction function was the highest. The activity of all enzymes measured in this study peaked at 5 years of continuous cropping, and then decreased with 10 to 15 year of continuous cropping, but increased at 20 years again. In addition, soil enzyme activity, especially of alkaline phosphatase was significantly correlated with the diversity of the dominant microorganisms at the genus level. Moreover, the coupled enzyme activities had a greater impact on the diversity of the microbial community than that of individual enzymes. Our findings reveal the composition and function of the soil microbial communities and enzymes activity in response to changes in cropping years, which has important implications for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles and optimizing land use.

AgriVoltaics: Economic Viability of a Synergistic System in the Sugarcane Bioenergy Sector in Brazil

This study presents an analysis of the economic viability of AgriVoltaics (AV) applied in the sugarcane-bioenergy sector in a hypothetical plant in the central region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using modal values and performance parameters typical of the 2019/2020 harvest season. The objective is to verify the economic viability, considering the technical aspects of the project, and agronomic, operational, and systemic requirements. The obtained results show a substantial increase in the combined economic margin, at 33,5%, a land use efficiency ratio (LER) of 108,6%, and a payback of investments around 9 years. The approach proved feasible for energy prices above US$ 49.21 MWh-1 . The greater operational gain was due to the optimization of land use, and the sharing of costs with the existing thermoelectric generation that uses residual sugarcane biomass, which allowed centralized management and a substantial increase in electrical generation. The higher relative incremental cost was resulting from the AgriVoltaics installation, adapted appropriately to the specific agronomic management practices required by sugarcane crops. The cost of the adapted AgriVoltaics installation found was US$ 0.96 per Watt peak. The approach proved economically viable, respecting the agronomic conditions of the crop and the optimized use of biomass-driven electrical thermalgeneration infrastructure.

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Henan Province and Future Multi-Scenario Simulation Prediction

In response to a series of problems brought about by rapid economic development, such as global warming and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, China has taken the initiative to shoulder the responsibility of a major country and continued to contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” at an early date. In this paper, Henan Province has been selected as the study area, and the changes in land use and carbon storage in Henan Province from 2000 to 2020 have been analyzed spatially and temporally. The PLUS model is used to predict future land use changes under different scenarios, and the InVEST model is used to estimate carbon storage under the corresponding scenarios. The results showed that (1) During 2000–2020, the farmland in Henan Province has been in a decreasing trend, grassland and construction land showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend, and woodland showed a decreasing trend. From 2000 to 2020, Henan’s overall carbon storage showed a downward trend each year, with storage mainly in the western and southern regions of the province, with a spatial distribution of high storage in the west and low storage in the east. (2) Under the normal development scenario (SSP2-RCP4.5) from 2030 to 2050, the area of farmland and woodland basically showed a continuous downward trend, while construction land showed an upward trend annually, and farmland and construction land showed an increasing trend under the normal development scenario (SSP2-RCP4.5) and economic priority scenario (SSP5-RCP8.5). The decreasing trend of carbon storage was the smallest under the normal development scenario (SSP2-RCP4.5) and the ecological protection scenario (SSP1-RCP2.6). The results provide a basis for decision-making regarding low-carbon and circular developments and rational and optimal land use in Henan.

Strategi Pengembangan Usahatani Sorgum pada Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Sumba Timur

It is hoped that the development of a new production center for sorghum commodities, especially in East Sumba Regency, can increase sorghum production and supply sorghum needs nationally in order to face the world food crisis. To achieve this, it is important to be able to formulate the right strategy for developing sorghum in East Sumba Regency which has dry land conditions. The aim of this research is to analyze the internal and external environment of sorghum farming in East Sumba Regency and to determine priority strategies for developing sorghum farming in East Sumba Regency. This research is a qualitative research with analytical descriptive analysis conducted in July - December 2023 in East Sumba Regency. Respondents in this research were key informants who were determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by means of field observations, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews according to research problems with key informants. The analytical methods used in this research are SWOT analysis and QSPM. The results of the SWOT matrix analysis show that there are 6 alternative strategy formulations that can be applied to the development of sorghum farming in East Sumba. Meanwhile, the results of the QSPM analysis show that the first priority alternative strategy that can be applied by farmers in developing sorghum farming on dry land in East Sumba is optimizing land use to increase production.

Land-Use Optimization and Allocation for Saltwater Intrusion Regions: A Case Study in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam

Land-use planning plays an important role in agricultural development. However, the tools used to support planners in proposing land-use planning solutions are lacking, especially when considering saltwater intrusion conditions in coastal regions. In this study, optimization is applied by analyzing land use in developing solutions for agricultural land-use planning, wherein a multi-objective optimization model is developed to optimize land-use area, including land-use allocation, and taking into account socioeconomic and environmental factors. The model was applied to three districts of Soc Trang province, Vietnam (Long Phu, My Xuyen, and Tran De), representing three ecological regions of salt water, brackish water, and fresh water in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The results are shown for the implementation of two multi-objective optimization scenarios (in terms of profit, labor, environment benefits, and risk reduction) as follows: (i) multi-objective optimization of agricultural land use until 2030 under normal conditions; (ii) optimizing agricultural land use until 2030 under climate change conditions similar to the 2016 drought and saltwater intrusion phenomenon in the Mekong Delta. The results demonstrate that the second scenario is the preferred option for implementing land-use planning thanks to the balance between good profits and minimizing economic and environmental risk. Land allocation was carried out by taking into account the factors of household economics, the influence of adjacent production types, local traffic, and canal systems to allocate areas toward ensuring optimal land use. This process, involving a combination of land-use optimization and spatial allocation, can help planners to improve the quality of agricultural land-use planning.

The Influence of Agricultural Land Use on the Drivers of Peri-Urban Settlement Formation in Highland Landscapes: a Case Study in the Kayumas Village

The Peri-Urban as part of the urban spatial structure, plays a crucial role in creating urban space. In Situbondo, the characteristics of the Peri-Urban consist of mixed urban and peri-urban land use areas, with agriculture dominating the land use. One of the livelihoods in the Peri-Urban is agriculture. Variables in this study involve elements of settlement morphology, factors influencing the formation of morphology and agriculture, and various other indicators related to these variables. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of agriculture areas and identify factors influencing the formation of peri-urban settlements. This research can provide references to optimize land use in peri-urban settlements. In this study, the researcher employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection involves recording events that occur in the field during interviews and observations to obtain accurate and reliable research results. The data will be processed using SPSS and ArcGIS 10.8.2 to obtain relevant, supportive accurate, and comprehensive results. From the findings of this research, it is expected that peri-urban settlements require more attention to enhance the environment and public services. In response to the consumption-oriented needs of urban communities, Peri-Urban farmers have intensified the use of multifunctional land activities. However, not all multifunctional opportunities are fully developed, considering the farming activities conducted near the city. This can be an innovative characteristic of land use in the Situbondo Peri-Urban area, indicating that agriculture is a priority land use in the region by improving the quality of harmonious relationships between urban and peri-urban areas through agriculture activities

Spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and cropping systems in the young meghna estuarine floodplain

To explore long-term changes in land use and land cover (LULC), cropping systems, and driving forces of LULC change, a study was carried out in Subarnachar upazila under the Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain in Bangladesh. For studying LULC change and cropping systems, images from Landsat (TM) of 1989, Landsat (ETM+) of 2000 and 2010, and Landsat (Oli) of 2019 were used. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to gather information on actors driving LULC changes. In the study area, five LULC categories—cropland, accreted land, settlements, mangrove forests, and water bodies were found. It reveals that cropland increased by 0.20% annually, while water bodies, accreted land, and mangrove forest decreased by 0.29, 0.17, and 0.23%, respectively. Settlements grew relatively at a faster rate (0.49%). The major land conversions between 1989 and 2019 were cropland to settlement (10.2%), mangrove forest to settlement area (3.2%), and mangrove forest to cropland area (4.0%). Other transformations included the shifting of accreted land to cropland and water bodies to settlements. From 1989 to 2019, double cropland increased by 0.71% annually due to the conversion of single to double cropland. Increased population pressure, especially for those displaced by the threat of river erosion, was a major factor in the conversion of cropland and mangroves into settlements. Due to the high demand for food in the study area, mangrove forests were converted to cropland and single cropland to double cropland more rapidly. These findings will assist farmers, stakeholders, and planners in developing and implementing optimal land use planning and sustainable agricultural production strategies in the region.
 Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1) : 1-15

Assessment and Management Zoning of Ecosystem Service Trade-Off/Synergy Based on the Social–Ecological Balance: A Case of the Chang-Zhu-Tan Metropolitan Area

Clarifying the trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services is crucial for achieving a win-win situation in economic development and ecological conservation. Past studies have lacked research on ecosystem service functional management zones that integrate socio-economic factors and ecological conservation, particularly based on predictive scenarios. Based on the above, this study innovatively established a multi scenario simulation model and framework (EST-EMZ) for the study of ecosystem service (ES) trade-off/synergy and ecological management zoning, combining remote sensing and socio-economic data from 2000 to 2020 in the Chang-Zhu-Tan Metropolitan Area (CZTMA). The model evaluates the dynamic trade-offs/synergies among different ecosystem services under various scenarios, aiming to seek the optimal management approach for enhancing the functionality and optimizing the structure of ESs in the future of the CZTMA. The results indicate the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of the CZTMA gradually declined from 601.57 billion yuan to 584.65 billion yuan. Under the three future scenarios, the ESV also decreased, with the Ecological Conservation Scenario (ECS) experiencing the most minor decline, and the Economic Priority Scenario (EPS) witnessing the most substantial decrease. (2) In the historical period and the 2030 predicted scenarios, there is a predominant synergy among paired ESs in the CZTMA. Throughout the study period, the region’s dominant ecosystem service bundle (ESB) is the high-service ecological regulation bundle, primarily located in the northeastern, western, and southern areas dominated by forests. (3) Based on ESV and urbanization intensity (UI), five different ecosystem management zones were identified: water balance zone (WBZ), coordinated improvement zone (CIZ), ecologically weak zone (EWZ), ecological conservation zone (ECZ), and ecological derivative zone (EDZ). Corresponding management and protection strategies for ecosystem services were proposed. The research findings offer potential solutions for optimizing land use and managing the trade-offs of ESs in metropolitan areas.

Deciphering the evolving trajectories of China's megaregions from 1992 to 2020: A novel morphological approach based on global land cover products

The monitoring of megaregion boundaries (MBs) is of vital importance for optimizing land use decision-making. However, the morphological structure of megaregions is currently insufficiently identified due to the nontransparent proprietary or inherent deficiency data sources. Thus, this study utilized land cover products integrated with morphological approaches to delineate the evolving trajectories of China's megaregions from 1992 to 2020. Firstly, core areas of megaregions and periphery affected areas were extracted from urban land density maps based on the gravity model and landscape metrics. Secondly, contiguous urban-rural fringes were improved based on the morphological operations and the rank-size distribution. Thirdly, urban land was automatically allocated to megaregions, considering planning policies. Furthermore, three indicators (gross domestic product, population, and land use density) are considered to validate our results, and our extracted MBs show a better understanding than the administrative divisions. The dynamic expansion patterns of twenty identified MBs were captured. As urbanization continues, the boundaries between megaregions become increasingly blurred and eventually merged into large-scale continuous megaregions that extend far beyond administrative divisions. Our study provides valuable insights for megaregion planning, including the effective urban management policies, the role of core cities in each megaregion in terms of radiation and capability.

Optimizing Land Use for Carbon Neutrality: Integrating Photovoltaic Development in Lingbao, Henan Province

This study aims to examine the impact of land use variations on carbon emissions by incorporating the development of photovoltaics as a scenario. To meet this end, we investigate the carbon emissions fluctuations resulting from different development scenarios: natural development, low-carbon strategies, and widespread adoption of photovoltaic technology. We identify important influencing factors related to these changes and utilize multi-objective optimization and the PLUS model to simulate land use patterns in Lingbao City projected for 2035, with a focus on achieving carbon neutrality. Through multiple scenarios, we analyze differences in carbon emissions, economic benefits, ecological impacts, and land use allocations. Our findings demonstrate that the photovoltaic scenario leads to a substantial 3500-ton reduction in carbon emissions and boosts overall benefits by RMB 85 million compared to the low-carbon scenario. This highlights the significant role of photovoltaic systems inefficient land utilization, meeting carbon emission targets, and generating economic gains. This research explores the relationship between land use alterations and carbon emissions, aiming to achieve ambitious carbon reduction objectives by integrating photovoltaic applications across diverse land types. It provides fresh perspectives for examining urban land utilization and strategies to reduce carbon emissions.

Potential development of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) through optimizing land use in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia

Preservation of local genetic resources through exploration and conservation along with inventory and characterization are efforts to maintain food resources. Optimizing land use is very potential in the development of local genetic resources. Objective of the research was to characterize local mangosteen from Pati and to optimize the land use. The primary data was derived from the mangosteen characterization results. Information for the secondary data was derived from various sources relevant to the research. The data includes: land potential, climatology, and agroecosystems. Characterization was conducted on a cultivar of Gunungsari mangosteen as the parent plant used in this research. Format of the mangosteen description has been arranged in the form of standard blanks. Results of the research showed that the public yards are potential to develop local mangosteen of Gunungsari. Morphological characters of the Gunungsari mangosteen are red petals (44 A Red Group), circular shape p-1, average weight of the fruit ranges 119.22 g-180.53 g, yellowish white aril (NN 155 A yellowish white) and the taste is sweet and slightly sour. The specific characteristics of Gunungsari mangosteen are soft seeds, the aril tastes sweet and slightly sour, fine fibrous textures, delicate aroma, and high production. The residents’ yards in Gunungsari Village are potential for the development of local fruits commodities especially mangosteen. In order to keep up the local genetic resources and to increase the economic value, Gunungsari mangosteen must be registered immediately to acquire the Certificate of Registration of Plant Varieties.

Urban farming for social benefit

The study provides an exploration of unban farming by delving into the diverse dimensions of stakeholders, challenges, typologies, methodologies, and societal impacts. The study engages with a spectrum of participants, from project initiators to financing institutions, highlighting the necessity for coordinated efforts and early communication to effectively address challenges such as regulatory hurdles, technical considerations, and financing obstacles. A typology of Urban Farming products is presented, revealing three primary strategic orientations - Sustainable Food Production, Education and Social Commitment, and Urban Qualities - each wielding distinctive transformative potential. The nuanced examination of five types of Urban Farming initiatives further emphasizes their diverse purposes and acknowledges overlaps that underscore the interconnected nature of these endeavors. The exploration extends to innovative methods in urban farming, focusing on sustainable food production through advanced techniques like hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics. Spatial configurations for optimal land use in urban environments are scrutinized, revealing diverse and innovative forms of agriculture, from Rooftop Farming to Vertical Farming and Shipping Containers. Environmental aspects underscore the complex relationship between high yield urban agriculture and its environmental impact. The economic analysis sheds light on challenges and opportunities in financing, spatial constraints, and energy efficiency, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of financial strategies and the potential for interconnected local food networks. The study contributes to the future of urban agriculture, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that integrates technological innovation, economic feasibility, accessibility, and broader societal impacts to shape a sustainable and resilient urban farming landscape.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LAHAN PADA SATUAN WILAYAH PENGEMBANGAN DI KOTA AMBON

Optimizing land use plans is carried out for land capabilities that are useful for conserving land resources so that they can reduce the problem of land degradation. This study aimed to assess the level of land capacity and determine the function of both protected and cultivated areas in Development Area Units (SWP). The method used in the research is quantitative descriptive, consisting of data collection and processing stages. Data collection was carried out through literature studies from several related agencies. Meanwhile, spatial data analysis was carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The results of the research showed that the analysis of land capacity, especially for determining the function of areas for settlement, reached 3,687.35 ha and the buffer area was around 11,755.27 ha. This indicates that only a small portion of suitable areas can be developed for urban development. This is due to the physical limiting factors of the land where the characteristics of the Ambon City area are dominated by hilly areas.

Future land use prediction and optimization strategy of Zhejiang Greater Bay Area coupled with ecological security multi-scenario pattern.

The land use changes driven by human activities press a incredible menace to zonal ecological security. As the most active urban cluster, the uncontrolled expansion of cities in the bay area exerts enormous pressure on the ecosystem. Therefore, from the perspective of ecological conservation, exploring future land use optimization patterns and spatial structure is extremely essential for the long-term thriving of the bay area. On this basis, this research integrated the System Dynamics model (SD) as the quantity forecast model and the PLUS model as the spatial emulation model and established the Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) Simulation Framework by setting the constraints of Ecological Security Multi-Scenario Patterns (ESMP). By setting four scenarios in future, that is, Business As Usual (BAU), Priority of Ecological Protection (PEP), Balanced Development Scenario (BD), and Priority of Urban development (PUD), this research predicts LUCC in the Zhejiang Greater Bay Area (ZGBA) in 2035 and explored land use optimization patterns. The results indicate that by 2035, under the scenarios of BAU, BD, and PUD, the construction land will observably grow by 38.86%, 19.63%, and 83.90%, respectively, distributed mainly around the Hangzhou Bay Area, Taizhou Bay Area, and Wenzhou Bay Area, primarily achieved by sacrificing ecologically sensitive lands such as forests to achieve regional high economic growth. Under PEP, the growth of construction land retards, and forest experiences net growth (11.27%), with better landscape connectivity and more cohesive patches compared to other scenarios. Combining regional planning and analysis at the city scale, Hangzhou Bay area (Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Ningbo) can adopt the BD development scenario, while Zhoushan, Taizhou, Wenzhou and Fuyang County of Hangzhou can adopt the PEP development scenario. This research furnishes a novel mechanism for optimizing land use pattern in ecological security perspective and offers scientific guidance for land resource management and spatial planning in ZGBA.

A Study on the Spread and Impact of American Fruit Trees in the Lingnan Region of China from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China

Abstract Trade and cultural exchanges introduced American fruit trees to China’s Lingnan region following the Age of Exploration. By analyzing historical records from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, a comprehensive outline of the cultivation history of these fruit trees in Lingnan can be constructed. Both natural and social factors are responsible for the successful introduction of these species. Lingnan’s advantageous geographical location and favorable climate provided ideal conditions for their growth, while the region’s robust trade networks, large overseas Chinese population, and long-standing tradition of fruit tree cultivation facilitated their introduction and dissemination. The introduction of American fruit trees enhanced Lingnan’s agricultural diversity, optimizing land use and increasing agricultural productivity, paving the way for the region’s fruit industry to flourish.

Land degradation neutrality in the Penza region

This study is carried out in order to calculate the neutral balance of the territory of the Penza region using the trend.earth program. In the course of the study, data on current land use, climatic conditions and changes in land cover are collected and analyzed. Using the trend.earth program, modeling of various scenarios of impact on land coverage is carried out in order to determine possible strategies for improving land management in order to achieve a neutral balance. The results of this study can be used to develop practical strategies for the sustainable use of land resources and to reduce the negative impact on the environment in the Penza region. The study of the neutral balance of the territory of the Penza region should take into account the existing rates of change in land cover, including the expansion of agricultural land, loss of forests and changes in water resources. When using the trend.earth program to model possible scenarios, potential impacts on biodiversity, climatic conditions and ecosystem sustainability should also be taken into account. The results of this study will identify potential locations for forest restoration, optimization of agricultural land use and other strategies to achieve a neutral balance in land management. The study will also provide important information for the development of practical recommendations for the sustainable development of the region. In addition, the assessment of the neutral balance of land use using trend.earth will allow assessing potential scenarios of changes in land cover in the context of climate change and economic development. This will allow factors such as carbon stocks, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability to be taken into account when developing land management strategies.

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Lahan Bantaran Sungai: Pengembangan Usaha Pedagang Kaki Lima (Angkringan) Melalui Inisiatif Sosial Dan Pelatihan Wirausaha

This community empowerment activity aims to identify optimal use of riverbank land through developing street vendor businesses (angkringan), empowerment focusing on social initiative programs and entrepreneurial training. The methods used to empower angkringan traders include field visits (observations), focus group discussions, and outreach, the activities of which begin with an analysis of land potential along the riverbanks in Sampangan Village. The activity partners are street vendors (angkringan) located around the banks of the Sampangan river, consisting of three groups, namely a group of immigrants, a group of housewives and a group of youth who manage modern angkringan businesses. The results of empowerment for angkringan traders were identified, among others, by carrying out social initiatives, namely entrepreneurship training which covers three main aspects, including marketing, financial management and product development.

Evolution of spatial network structure for land-use carbon emissions and carbon balance zoning in Jiangxi Province: A social network analysis perspective

Exploring the spatial network structure of land-use carbon emissions (LUCE) and the carbon balance in developing regions is pivotal for climate change mitigation in these areas. Using socio-economic and land-use data from 2000 to 2020, this study focused on Jiangxi Province as a representative case to elucidate the spatial network structure of LUCE and conduct carbon balance zoning. The primary findings were as follows: (1) The LUCE distribution in Jiangxi Province demonstrated a spatial pattern with high values in the northwest and low values in the southeast. An increasing trend was observed in the total amount of LUCE. Furthermore, there were evident regional differences in the Ecological Support Coefficient (ESC), indicating a weakening regional carbon sink capacity. (2) The spatial network structure of LUCE was intricate but stable. Although the gravitational interactions of LUCE between cities have intensified, overall network connectivity remained moderately correlated, indicating a prominent regional development imbalance. (3) There was a pronounced “core-periphery” structure in the LUCE spatial correlation network. Northern Jiangxi was the “core” of the network, taking an “initiator” role, whereas most cities in southern Jiangxi played a “passive” role, and resided at the “periphery” of the network. The inter-regional LUCE network exhibited pronounced spatial spillover, with inter-block correlations surpassing those within blocks. (4) By leveraging empirical data and spatial metrics, we categorized Jiangxi Province into five distinct carbon balance zoning types and subsequently proposed land-use optimization strategies. From the perspective of social network analysis (SNA), this study offers methodological insights into low-carbon development and synergistic emission reduction in developing regions.