Optimization Model For Design Research Articles

Refined MagSail thrust model for preliminary mission design and trajectory optimization

A magnetic sail is an advanced propellantless propulsion system concept for deep space missions, proposed by Dana Andrews and Robert Zubrin about 30 years ago. The thrust is generated by the electromagnetic interaction between the solar wind charged particles and an artificial magnetic field obtained through a large current-carrying coil made of superconducting material. This paper discusses an up-to-date single-loop magnetic sail thrust model based on the numerical and experimental results obtained in the last decade. In particular, a particle model is initially used to evaluate the performance of a reference configuration in terms of thrust components in a body reference frame. Then, some scaling relationships are used to estimate the magnetic sail performance as a function of the design parameters. The proposed thrust model is used to analyze the minimum-time transfer problem between two circular and coplanar heliocentric orbits. Minimum flight times necessary to complete ephemeris-free Earth-Venus and Earth-Mars transfers are calculated as a function of the magnetic sail characteristic size in a parametric way.

Superstructure optimization model for design and analysis of CO2-to-fuels strategies

CO2 utilization to fuel production, wherein captured CO2 is used as raw materials and partially replaces the use of fossil fuels, is an effective solution for energy security and global warming. In this study, an optimization-based framework was developed for CO2-to-fuel superstructure to determine the optimal strategies for desired fuels (i.e., methanol (MeOH), Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FT) fuels, dimethyl ether (DME), and gasoline). The aim of the framework is to address specific problems of minimizing energy consumption, unit production cost, and net CO2 equivalent emission. Thus, we first generated a superstructure of alternative CO2-to-fuel pathways, and each pathway contains a set of carbon conversion and separation technologies toward the final fuel from CO2 feedstock. Subsequently, a process simulation and energy–economic–environmental parameters of possible pathways were generated and further embedded into the optimization model. The optimization results indicate that, among CO2 utilization technologies, direct catalytic hydrogenation is recognized as the most economical and environmentally friendly pathway for MeOH at 3.6 $/GGE (reduced 1.01 kg CO2/GGE), gasoline at 3.71 $/GGE (reduced 1.86 kg CO2/GGE), and DME at 4.46 $/GGE and near-zero-emission. However, FT fuels are not suggested since they consume more energy for a higher production cost and emit 3.22 kg CO2/GGE. Using various process system engineering-centric techniques, this study also determined that H2 feedstock cost, associated with CO2 utilization strategies, is the major economic–environmental factor and investigated the CO2-to-fuel application potential in various market conditions based on regions or time.

Design optimization and statistical modeling of recycled waste-based additive for a variety of construction scenarios on heaving ground.

To minimize the environmental burdens and to promote natural resource conservation and sustainability, a composite additive (CA) is proposed using paper and wood industry waste, i.e., lignosulphonate (LS) and lime (LM) as a replacement for conventional stabilizers. However, the implication of this proposed stabilizer for real construction scenarios requires a multi-objective optimization for a thorough guideline for practitioners. In this regard, the response surface methodology is used for the mix design optimization of the proposed CA for various construction scenarios (i.e., buildings, roadways, and slopes). An extensive testing program is designed and conducted to obtain different geotechnical parameters related to the mechanical, volumetric change, and hydraulic behavior of the soil with special attention to the stabilization mechanism. The interplay between variables (LS and LM) and responses is examined using the effective 3D surface diagrams, and mathematical models are derived for which the difference between R2, Adj R2, and Pred R2 is found to be less than 0.2. In addition, LM is found to be more sensitive in terms of mechanical and hydraulic parameters than LS whereas LS moderately contributes to altering the parameters related to the volumetric change and hydraulic behavior. The optimized mix design of CA (i.e., LS:LM) is determined against the expansive soil stabilization for foundation, subgrade, and slope stability cases which are found to be 1.03:3.57, 0.84:2.90, and 0.9:2.75 as best suitable for these cases, respectively. Predicted responses for the optimal solution for slope stability cases are found to have an error of 0-9.6%. The stabilization mechanism shows that LS and LM work well in conjunction and lead to a more stable soil structure with better interlocking and cementation between soil particles along with the formation of new cementing materials, i.e., calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) and calcium silicate gel (CSH). The LS in CA is observed to reduce the LM concentration in soil stabilization by up to 45% with improved geotechnical performance. Thus, the proposed CA is vital for natural resource conservation and paper and wood industry-related waste management.

Investigations on System Integration Method and Optimum Design Method of Electro-Mechanical Actuator System

With technological advances and industrial upgrading, high-performance equipment has put higher demands on the performance of electro-mechanical actuators. With a view to making electro-mechanical actuators more reliable and integrated, firstly, an integrated electro-mechanical actuator module (IEMM) with multiple structural forms was proposed in this paper, and a comparative analysis was performed on the characteristics of different transmission schemes. Then, the feasibility of manufacturing the IEMM’s main bearing components using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with higher specific stiffness, specific modulus and specific strength was demonstrated by finite element simulation (FEA) software, in a bid to further reduce the weight of the IEMM. Next, a parameter estimation model, a heating power calculation model, and a thermal resistance calculation model were built, so that there is no need to rebuild the whole system model under different demand indexes. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization design model was built with light weight, low power loss, and high level of integration as optimization aims to achieve better comprehensive performance in the early design phase of the IEMM system. However, IEMM’s higher level of integration and its shell made of CFRP with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m°C posed a challenge to the heat dissipation of the motor stator. Therefore, a thermal network model needs to be created in AMESim to evaluate the temperature of IEMM’s parts and components under different working conditions. Finally, the process of IEMM performance optimization design was described and improved, and performance optimization design was conducted by taking one of IEMM’s transmission schemes as an example.

$ A $-Optimal designs for mixture polynomial models with heteroscedastic errors

<abstract><p>This paper searches $ A $-optimal designs for mixture polynomial models when the errors are heteroscedastic. Sufficient conditions are given so that $ A $-optimal designs for the complex mixture polynomial models can be constructed from the direct sum of $ A $-optimal designs for their sub-mixture models with different structures of heteroscedasticity. Several examples are presented to further illustrate and check optimal designs based on $ A $-optimality criterion.</p></abstract>

Coordinated location-allocation of cruise ship emergency supplies under public health emergencies

<abstract> <p>For the rapid development of the cruise industry, the cruise disaster relief supply chain has attracted extensive attention, especially because COVID-19 cases on international cruise ships occurred. In this paper, we propose an idea of coordination layout for cruise ship emergency supplies, the problem optimized two objective functions of maximizing coverage satisfaction and minimizing the total cost, addressing the low efficiency of resource utilization at the same. By applying to cruise ship emergency supplies layout of Northeast Asia cruise port group system, using expert scoring method and AHP to evaluate cruise port security vulnerability. The NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective programming model. A numerical example shows that the optimization design model and method are valid and feasible, and the algorithm is efficient for solving the above collaborative location and allocation problem of sectional reserves, which can also offer a variety of decision-making options.</p> </abstract>

A robust solution for optimizing facility location and network design with diverse link capacities

In this paper, the authors proffer a novel mathematical model for the simultaneous optimization of facility location and network design in the presence of uncertainty, with the aim of minimizing operational and transportation costs. The proposed model constitutes a departure from conventional methods in its consideration of probable events in the real world and the incorporation of uncertainty assumptions into the mathematical framework. An algorithm based on simulated annealing is then advanced for the solution of the problem, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated through comparison with exact methods for problems of modest size, as well as with a basic simulated annealing algorithm for larger problems. The results of these comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm. Finally, the robust approach is compared with four other approaches in the presence of uncertainty, with a thorough analysis of the results obtained from each of the methods conducted in a suite of sample problems.

Development of a finite element model for optimization of the bone fixator design

Development of a finite element model for optimization of the bone fixator design

Multi-objective optimization model for blood supply chain network design considering cost of shortage and substitution in disaster

The problem of network design of blood supply chains is traditionally studied considering a maximum of three objective functions. In the real world, however, there are always many conflicting objectives for different stakeholders. This paper addresses a blood supply chain (BSC) network design problem to optimize the costs of blood shortage and substitution in addition to other common objective functions. To this end, four important objectives that decision makers are always faced with in disaster are considered: (1) minimizing the total cost, (2) minimizing transportation time, (3) minimizing total unsatisfied demand, and (4) maximizing the total reliability. A mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) model is proposed to formulate the problem at hand. Since this problem is known to be strongly NP-hard, the intelligent NSGA-II algorithm is applied to solve it in a reasonable time. Data from a real case study is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution method. The comparison of the results of the proposed algorithm with the mathematical model confirms the accuracy of the proposed method. Furthermore, the analysis of the results indicates the superiority of the proposed model over previous studies. Moreover, the proposed algorithm provides a wide range of suitable solutions. Therefore, different alternatives are presented to the decision makers to make a trade-off according to their preferences.

Retracted: Design of Optimal Scheduling Model for Emergency Medical Supplies by Blockchain Technology.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4608761.].

Optimal design model of a bio manager to produce biogas derived from cattle breeding

The energy supply in the rural areas of the province of Orellana constitutes a pending problem to be solved. The demand for energy in agricultural farms is not high, however, its satisfaction is deficient and is carried out through the consumption of exhaustible natural resources, despite the potential existence of biomass that can be used to solve said energy problem. The objective of the work is to design an optimal model of a biodigester capable of producing biogas from the residuals of cattle breeding in order to supply thermal energy to satisfy the demand of a rural agricultural farm. The deductive method is used to analyze and determine the research problem, consult the general theories associated with the use of biomass and the design of bioreactors; Field work and observation were carried out to operate an approach to the reality of the problem; The measurement of the generation of daily usable bovine manure in the stable was carried out, for which different work instruments were used as instruments. The optimal design of the bioreactor capable of generating biogas from the use of bovine residuals that are produced on the studied farm and that allows covering the energy demand was obtained as a result. It is concluded that the use of biomass derived from cattle breeding represents a contribution to energy efficiency, the protection of natural resources and the environmental benefit in the territory.  

Custom software development of structural dimension optimization software for the buckling of stiffened plates

<abstract> <p>Existing structural optimization software tools only integrate the Euler buckling function of rods and plates and do not consider the buckling strength constraint of stiffened plates, thus failing to meet the optimization design requirements of thin-walled structures such as ship hulls. In this study, according to the buckling strength specifications for stiffened plates of ships, the custom software development of a structural optimization program with "buckling constraints of stiffened plates" was performed using the HyperMesh optimization design software. The finite-element grid of the stiffened plate was divided; the average stress, stress gradient and other parameters associated with the buckling of stiffened plates were determined; the DRESP3 card was set; the external OML function file was linked and the buckling strength of the stiffened plates was introduced into the dimensional optimization design model as a constraint. The proposed method was used to optimize the structure scantlings of a platform, achieving a reduction of 8.96% compared with the original scheme, while also meeting the requirements of structural strength, deformation and buckling strength. The results demonstrated that the dimensional optimization software with buckling constraints is operable and can aid in the rapid structural optimization design of stiffened plates.</p> </abstract>

Sustainable Building Optimization Model for Early-Stage Design

Buildings represent the largest potential for carbon reduction worldwide. This highlights the need for a simulation and optimization method for energy management. The early design stage of buildings represents an important phase in which choices can be made to optimize design parameters. These parameters can focus on multiple areas, including energy and thermal comfort. This paper introduces the optimization of early-stage sustainable building design considering end-user energy consumption. It proposes an optimization model that integrates multiple layers, which consist of a parametric energy simulation, artificial neural network, and genetic algorithm. The proposed optimization model considers a single objective function to obtain the optimal design. The targeted goal is to obtain minimal energy consumption for residential buildings during the early design stages. Key design parameters of the building were identified for optimization and feasible ranges for them were obtained using genetic algorithms. Finally, the results of this paper include the identification of the optimal building design for the thermal comfort analysis and optimal energy performance. The model was applied to a case study in Egypt and the results showed that using the developed optimization model can lead to a 25% reduction in energy consumption.

Retraction Note: Optimization model design of cross-border e-commerce transportation path under the background of prevention and control of COVID-19 pneumonia.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-05685-6.].

A New Automobile Product Development Design Model: Using a Dual Corporate Engineering Strategy

This study describes a “New Automobile Product Development Design Model” (NA-PDDM) using a “Dual Corporate Engineering Strategy” for the innovation of automobile product engineering fundamental. Specifically, NA-PDDM contains both of the “Exterior design engineering strategy” and “Driving performance design engineering strategy” by using “Customer Science Principle” (CSP). Concretely, the foundation of NA-PDDM consists of the “Automobile Exterior Design Model with 3 Core Methods” (AEDM-3CM), “Automobile Optimal Product Development Design Model” (AOP-DDM) and “CSP-Customer Information Analysis and Navigation System” (CSP-CIANS). The validity of NA-PPMM is then verified through the actual applications to automobile product development design in Toyota and others.

ICAOD: An R Package for Finding Optimal designs for Nonlinear Statistical Models by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm.

Optimal design ideas are increasingly used in different disciplines to rein in experimental costs. Given a nonlinear statistical model and a design criterion, optimal designs determine the number of experimental points to observe the responses, the design points and the number of replications at each design point. Currently, there are very few free and effective computing tools for finding different types of optimal designs for a general nonlinear model, especially when the criterion is not differentiable. We introduce an R package ICAOD to find various types of optimal designs and they include locally, minimax and Bayesian optimal designs for different nonlinear statistical models. Our main computational tool is a novel metaheuristic algorithm called imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and inspired by socio-political behavior of humans and colonialism. We demonstrate its capability and effectiveness using several applications. The package also includes several theory-based tools to assess optimality of a generated design when the criterion is a convex function of the design.

Automated BIM-based structural design and cost optimization model for reinforced concrete buildings

The process of optimizing building designs requires developing several architectural and structural layout alternatives. Traditionally, limited number of design iterations can be conducted manually, which is time consuming and results in non-optimum designs in terms of limited functionality or high costs. The goal of this research is to develop an advanced Building Information Modeling (BIM) model for automating and optimizing design of building layouts and structural elements to reach minimum construction cost while abiding by the functionality constraints of the architectural design. The developed model integrates concepts from structural design, BIM modeling, and computer programming into one advanced optimization framework. The model was tested and validated in 11 case studies and is found to reduce the structural materials cost by up to 15% per floor without compromising the defined space requirements.

Multiscale uncertainty propagation analysis and reliability optimization of the CFRP crossbeam of the twist beam axle

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have the advantages of being light weight and having high strength, which means that they can be used to effectively realize the lightweight design of automobile components. In this paper, the original steel crossbeam of the twist beam rear axle of a passenger car is replaced by CFRP, and then the cross-section improvement design is implemented. The ply stacking sequence of the CFRP crossbeam is also optimized to enhance its structural performance. Considering the multiscale characteristics of CFRP, a multiscale analysis model of the CFRP crossbeam is established, and the effects of microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic structures and material parameters on the stiffness, maximum stress and vibration characteristics of the CFRP crossbeam are discussed. The multiscale propagation law of the random-interval mixed uncertain parameters of the CFRP crossbeam is studied by using the multiscale model. On this basis, the reliability optimization design model of CFRP crossbeam considering multiscale uncertainty is established, and the multiscale reliability optimization method of the CFRP crossbeam of twist beam axle based on approximate models, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and intelligent optimization algorithms is studied. The optimization method of the combination of the ply stacking sequence optimization and the multiscale reliability optimization of the CFRP structure is proposed, the mass is reduced by 46.96% while ensuring reliability, and other structural performances are improved. Meanwhile, a theoretical research basis and technical support for the design and development of CFRP suspension components are provided, and the application of CFRP in the automobile field is promoted.

Optimal Design of Steel Planar Trusses Using Ant Lion Algorithm

This paper elaborates on optimized design of steel structures directed towards the sustainability of materials. The case in point is steel trusses that are extensively used structural components. Though copious research is available on use of conventional optimization methods, nature-inspired optimization algorithms have received scarce attention particularly in optimal design of planar trusses. In this paper, the development of Ant Lion algorithm for the optimal design models for steel trusses is elaborated. A comprehensive comparison with the optimized sectional weights obtained by other nature inspired optimization algorithms implemented in earlier research by the author. They include elitism based genetic algorithm (EBGA), ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial honeybee optimization (AHBO), and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Four steel trusses with different articulations have been considered for this purpose. It is found that the optimal weights obtained by Ant Lion algorithm are almost on par with those obtained by PSO. The other three algorithms vary marginally. However, the convergence to overall weight of trusses is different for different algorithms. ALO took 100-200 iterations for the convergence. In fact, the convergence to optimized weights are faster in case of ALO and PSO in relation to other algorithms.

Design and QoS Optimization Model of Party Building Cloud Platform Based on FoRTAN

Using FoumNPowERsTAⅡoNv4. o to develop a simulation program is the core focus of this paper. It has a good wlND0ws interface, which can intuitively and conveniently carry out a man-to-machine dialogue, which is convenient for simulation racing. Its application example shows that the program has universality and practicability. The informatization work of party building in colleges and universities can be carried out according to different situations: confidential work can be combined with the campus informatization platform; collaborative work between units can introduce third-party questionnaires and cloud collaboration documents to connect the data communication network with information. Intranet integration and unified deployment. With the growth of communication data volume, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of service of converged network QoS and the resource consumption of base stations and users.