Optimistic Attitude Research Articles

Psychological resilience of grandparents and relationships with grandchildren in a family of an adult child. Dimensions of parentification of grandparents in the family

The purpose of the study was to capture the relationships between closeness, frequency of contact with grandchildren and authority and the dimensions of grandparents’ mental resilience. The results were collected from a sample of 80 study subjects using two tools: the Mental Resilience Scale (SPP–25) and an original ad hoc scale defining intergenerational relations, closeness – frequency – authority. The effects allowed us to address the research problem of whether there are relationships between the dimensions of grandparents’ mental resilience and their closeness, frequency of contact with grandchildren and grandparents’ authority. It was expected that the higher the mental resilience demonstrated in its dimensions studied in grandparents, the more significantly grandparents will demonstrate closeness and frequency of contact with grandchildren, while at the same time being an authority for their grandchildren. The results proven that some dimensions of psychological resilience show correlations with the characteristics of intergenerational relations. Among them, a dominant one are openness to novelty and sense of humor, as well as optimistic attitude to life and the ability to mobilize in difficult situations, which enter into positive significant interdependencies with closeness to grandchildren. On the other hand, personal coping skills and tolerance of negative emotions show a negative significant correlation with the frequency of contacts with grandchildren. Tolerance of failure and treating life as a challenge reveal a negative correlation with the authority of grandparents in grandchildren. In conclusion, the results constitute the beginning of a discussion on the issue of parentification of grandparents, a concept identified with clinical child psychology.

Hope as a bridge to post-traumatic growth.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been characterized as the subjective appraisal of growth, or personal development, following a confrontation with an array of high-impact challenges in life (Psychol Inq 15:1-18, 2004). Song et al. found that patients with cancer may be described by three profiles with regard to symptom burden and PTG. We are particularly interested in what their analyses reveal about the relationship between optimistic attitude and PTG (Supportive Care in Cancer, 2024). Furthermore, we propose that "hope" rather than "optimism" be the focus for clinicians who seek to channel the trauma associated with malignant disease towards PTG.

Gambaran Kepercayaan Diri Berbicara di Depan Umum pada Mahasiswa

One of the main challenges is students' self-confidence when competing based on their abilities. The purpose of this research is to determine the picture of student self-confidence. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach with a survey method. The research subjects consisted of 86 students from the UNM Faculty of Psychology. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire designed based on Lautter's self-confidence variable. The data obtained was then analyzed using percentage techniques. The results of the research showed that the self-confidence possessed by students included self-confidence, optimistic attitude, responsible attitude, and statement of purpose. Confidence in one's abilities was 62.8%, positive signals were 48.8%, goals signals were 52.3%, and responsibility signals were shown from the data at 59.3% in developing public speaking skills. In conclusion, most students show indicators of confidence in speaking in public. The implications of this research can be used by students to increase their self-confidence so that they can support students in speaking in public

Protective factors against parental burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced families across the world and contributed to the likelihood of increased parental burnout and decreased parental psychological well-being. However, not all parents experienced parental burnout during the pandemic. In the current study, we focused on protective factors that buffered the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and supported parents’ quality of life. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized optimism, humor, and resilience will be associated with lower levels of parental burnout. Two hundred and eighty-one Israeli parents participated in the study, completing questionnaires during the government-mandated lockdown. Questionnaires examined information pertaining to both participants’ personal characteristics (optimism and pessimism, self-enhancing humor, resilience, parental stress, and perceptions of the youngest child’s functioning) and background characteristics (parental age, gender, health condition, socioeconomic status, employment status, and youngest child’s age) to examine the relationship between these variables and parental burnout. Findings indicate that resilience, optimism, and humor facilitated reduced parental burnout and enhanced parental well-being during the pandemic. However, these variables were not associated with parents’ stress perception. This study sheds light on the importance of having an optimistic perspective, positive sense of humor, and resilience at times of prolonged stress. Implications for interventions targeting optimistic attitudes and humor are suggested.

Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components.

Longevity has been associated with healthy lifestyles, including some dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the Blue Zone (BZ) diets. MedDiet relies on a large consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil, with less red meat and fat intake. Four major BZ have been recognized in the world, namely, Ogliastra in Sardinia (Italy), Ikaria (Greece), the Peninsula of Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Okinawa (Japan). Extreme longevity in these areas has been associated with correct lifestyles and dietary regimens. Fibers, polyphenols, beta-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids represent the major constituents of both MedDiet and BZ diets, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly, inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, with a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of T regulatory cells, with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin- 10, are the main mechanisms that prevent or attenuate the "inflammaging." Notably, consistent physical activity, intense social interactions, and an optimistic attitude contribute to longevity in BZD areas. Commonalities and differences between MedDIet and BZ diets will be outlined, with special reference to microbiota and food components, which may contribute to longevity.

Finite-horizon approximate optimal attitude control based on adaptive dynamic programming for ultra-low-orbit satellite

This study investigates the finite-horizon approximate optimal attitude control problem for ultra-low-orbit satellites, addressing the complexities introduced by substantial disturbance, actuator faults, actuator saturation, and time constraint. Initially, a fixed-time concurrent learning fault and disturbance estimation approach is proposed that relieves persistent excitation constraints and isolates different influences individually. Subsequently, the cost function is designed with actuator fault estimation, ensuring that the control strategy consistently adheres to actuator saturation constraints and can compensate for current faults. Furthermore, based on the adaptive dynamic programming, an approximate optimal attitude control approach is proposed, which employs time-varying activation functions to approximate the optimal cost function. A fixed-time neural network weight adaptation strategy is designed to ensure the precision and reliability of the approximation. Finally, the numerical simulation confirms the validity and practical applicability of the proposed approach in satellite attitude control systems.

Survey and Analysis of Primary School Teachers' Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence

In the wave of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications in education, the current status and attitude of primary school teachers towards the use of GenAI have not yet been fully studied. This study surveyed 78 primary school teachers through an online questionnaire to reveal their understanding level of GneAI, the usage of GenAI, their views on GenAI applied in education, and expectations for future applications of GenAI. The results show that most teachers have some understanding of AI, but less knowledge of GenAI. Despite this, almost all teachers agree that GenAI plays a positive role in assisting teacher teaching and promoting student learning, and they hold an optimistic attitude towards its application prospects. There are differences in the degree of use of GenAI by teachers of different ages and young teachers are more inclined to use AI. Teachers of different identities have different preferences for the content of GenAI-assisted work. Liberal arts and science teachers prefer intelligent search and intelligent homework correction, while art and physical education teachers and middle and senior teachers prefer personalized teaching and personalized assessment. Finally, the author recommends relevant departments strengthen the use of AI in primary education, develop practical teaching and assessment systems, and paying attention to the resource management and protection.

Convex set reliability-based optimal attitude control for space solar power station with bounded and correlated uncertainties

Considering the bounded and correlated uncertainties in the inherently nonlinear attitude dynamics, this paper proposes an uncertain optimal attitude control for space solar power stations (SSPS), subjected to the convex set-based reliability constraint. To accurately and cost-effectively quantify the uncertainty in the SSPS attitude control system, the uncertain attitude dynamics are proposed based on nominal SSPS with convex set-based uncertainties. Given the known bounds and correlations of the random variables, the convex set-based attitude dynamics of SSPS can be conveniently constructed and transformed into corresponding uncertain state-space equations. Uncertain state and output can be solved using the extended-order matrix and uncertainty propagation method. A convex set-based Riccati equation is: developed using the convex set theory, traditional algebraic Riccati equation (ARE), and Lyapunov equation, which can obtain all the uncertain components of feedback gain, input torque, and cost function, respectively. Convex set-based time-dependent reliability (CSTR) is applied to assess the safety of the attitude control system by setting critical values and considering the time-dependent effect, which is regarded as an important constraint in the optimal attitude control issue with uncertainty. A numerical example of SSPS is provided to verify the proposed uncertain controller within the reliability-constrained optimization framework, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing nonlinear system dynamics under uncertainty.

ПЕДАГОГІЧНА БІБЛІОТЕРАПІЯ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ

The article emphasizes the importance of improving the professional training of future primary school teachers, who will be able to qualitatively implement new technologies, methods, forms, and tools in their professional activities. Pedagogical bibliotherapy is analyzed as a component of professional training of future primary school teachers. In psychological and pedagogical science, pedagogical bibliotherapy is considered as a field of knowledge that contributes to the creation of a psychologically comfortable educational environment in which an optimistic attitude towards the world is formed in elementary school students. The essence of the concept of «pedagogical bibliotherapy» is specified and it is emphasized that it performs not only the role of psychological support and rehabilitation, but also a pedagogical one. Attention is focused on the fact that pedagogical bibliotherapy is the latest therapeutic technology in the educational process, which contributes to the harmonization of the emotional, spiritual and intellectual spheres of the student's personality. In the conditions of the war, the problem of introducing the means of pedagogical bibliotherapy into the teacher's professional activity is particularly relevant, therefore, it should occupy an important place in the professional training of future primary school teachers. It is noted that the means of pedagogical bibliotherapy should be used to optimize the educational process, as they help to develop students’ activity, sociability, creativity, satisfy their cognitive needs, and form self-determination and self-organization skills. The main means of pedagogic bibliopedagogy, which are expedient to use in the pedagogical activities of elementary school teachers, are highlighted, in particular: formal-content, genre-content, and educational-integration esthetic therapy technologies of personal influence.

Optimal configuration design and attitude measurement method of redundant accelerometer for steering drilling tools

Abstract In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of attitude parameters measurement of the rotary steerable drilling tool, a slanting configuration method and measurement method of double accelerometer were proposed. The measurement equation of the redundant accelerometer in the drill coordinate system is established. According to the installation position of the accelerometer and sensitive direction, the trouble-free and uniaxial failure in both cases, in order to improve the component of gravity and angular velocity calculation precision as the objective, design measure performance evaluation indexes, the optimal configuration determines the redundant accelerometer. It uses the stability equation constraints gravity no trace adaptive Kalman filter algorithm, Accurate angular velocity measurement, the tool face Angle, and healthy inclination. Simulation and experimental results show that the optimal configuration of the redundant accelerometer is reasonable, and the attitude estimation algorithm is effective.

Shelley's Optimistic Attitudes Inspired by Nature in His Poems

This thesis chooses Shelley's concept of nature as the main theme. It analyzes some representative poems written by Shelley and finds out Shelley's views on nature. For Shelley, nature is a rich source of truth. Nature teaches us a lot of things. Freedom and ideality are the main themes in Shelley's poems. For his age, the social background is full of revolution. It is certain that Shelley should become a revolutionary poet. Like in Queen Mab and Prometheus Unbound, we can find his strong desire for freedom. Even in The Cloud, Shelley hopes to be like the cloud because it is free and happy. Shelley also shows to us a kind of optimistic attitude towards life and future. To a Skylark may be a typical one. Shelley is just like the skylark; he pursues being in harmony with nature. These two main themes seem to be the basic views of Shelley's concept of nature.

The Current Scenario of Farmland Abandonment in China: A Systematic Review

The significant expansion of farmland abandonment not only poses a threat to agricultural sustainability, but also challenges biodiversity conservation and food security. This study aims to initiate a deep systematic analysis of the current scenario of Chinese farmland abandonment, which is timely and urgent as a starting point to fully understand the current state of knowledge of it. In total, 181 articles out of 5384 articles through four databases (CNKI, Web of Science core collection, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts) are extracted and synthesized by the PRISMA method. A total of 12 experts from 11 countries with specialized knowledge in the research field are interviewed. It is found that farmland abandonment in East China is the most frequently reported, which is followed by the Southwest. The research focus in China has shifted from mountainous areas to agricultural and pastoral areas and major grain-producing areas. Chinese farmland abandonment is defined principally from the perspective of the managerial approach. An inventory that categorizes these different drivers of farmland abandonment is built, which includes socio-economic aspects, biophysical attributes, policy, household characteristics, and specific events. Socio-economic aspects, especially off-farm employment, are the most commonly studied factors. Meanwhile, the aging of the population is also noteworthy. Different trajectories should be applied accordingly due to the significant differences between North and South China. Furthermore, there is an optimistic attitude towards the ecological impact of abandoned farmland in China. However, more evidence should be given on it. Those findings will hopefully provide some insights for the scientific community and policy makers.

Australian healthcare workers’ views on artificial intelligence in BreastScreen: Results of a mixed method survey study

IntroductionThe evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine, particularly in radiology and population-based breast cancer screening programs, offers potential accuracy gains and efficiency improvements. However, successful implementation requires understanding of healthcare workers’ views on AI, which this study aims to explore within the Australian BreastScreen program. MethodsAn online survey was distributed to clinical staff involved in breast imaging, collecting responses from November 2022 to April 2023. The survey encompassed demographic information, opinions, and experiences with AI in medical imaging, with questions covering various scenarios of AI integration in BreastScreen. ResultsOut of an estimated 350 professionals contacted, 95 responded, with 84.2 % (80/95) being radiologists. Less than half of respondents (44.9 %, 40/89) had worked with artificial intelligence for image classification previously. The majority of radiologists 74.2 % (46/62) thought that the use of AI in reading mammograms for BreastScreen would improve workflow. However, radiologists thought they would behave with increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous, with the majority of radiologists (63.3 %, 38/60) uncomfortable with holding accountability when the AI was used to triage and remove cases from the workflow. Notably, 60 % of radiologists (36/60) expressed concerns about accountability. DiscussionThe findings suggest an optimistic attitude towards AI among Australian healthcare workers, although when given hypothetical scenarios for the way AI could be integrated into BreastScreen, there was increasing caution with scenarios where AI was more autonomous. This study highlights understanding and concerns of healthcare professionals working in population screening which are important to address when implementing AI into the healthcare system.

Fabrication Time Diagrams for In-Space Manufacturing of Large Reticulated Structures

Abstract In-space manufacturing (ISM), or the construction of structures from raw feedstock materials in the space environment, is a promising approach for building large, external support structures for future space missions. Most research and development on ISM to date has focused on ground-based or microgravity-based demonstrations of candidate fabrication processes; however, the combined design of the ISM spacecraft and the fabrication process has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we estimate the fabrication times for truss support structures subject to various spacecraft constraints, including the available fabrication power, the attitude control system (ACS) authority, and the avoidance of control–structure interactions. Using the key assumptions of (1) a fabrication process that sequentially extrudes struts, (2) a fixed spacecraft orientation, and (3) negligible effects of environmental disturbance torques, we generate fabrication time diagrams that depict the dominant constraints and estimates of the fabrication time for a range of dimensions. Our results indicate that for large, dense reticulated geometries such as the curved gridshell and tetrahedral truss, the angular momentum storage of the spacecraft ACS is the dominant constraint on fabrication time. Additionally, our results suggest the following strategies for reducing fabrication time: manufacturing with multiple spacecraft; using stiff, lightweight feedstock; maximizing fabrication power and ACS capability; and minimizing spacecraft bus mass. These strategies represent design tradeoffs, emphasizing how the design of an ISM spacecraft cannot be considered independently of the fabricated structure.

Optimal prescribed-time attitude tracking for multiple spacecraft systems based on adaptive critic algorithm

Optimal prescribed-time attitude tracking for multiple spacecraft systems based on adaptive critic algorithm

Психологическое благополучие и жизнестойкость замещающих матерей

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">This article analyzes the relationship between psychological well-being and resilience in the context of attitudes toward adopted children among foster mothers. The hypothesis suggests that a mother’s active participation in upbringing promotes democratic relationships with the child and creative approaches to problem-solving, and that her psychological well-being depends on an optimistic attitude and willingness to cooperate with the child. The respondents were 48 foster mothers, raising between 1 and 7 adopted children. The average age of the substitute mothers was 40 ± 6 years. To test the hypothesis, the following methods were used: the “Resilience Test” by S. Maddi, the “Psychological Well-Being Scale” by K. Ryff, the “Parental Attitude Diagnostics” questionnaire by A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolin, and the “Personal change-readiness survey” in the adaptation by N.A. Bazhanova, G.L. Bardier. The study confirmed the hypothesis and identified a connection between psychological well-being and resilience in substitute mothers. It was also established that the well-being and ability of a substitute mother to withstand social pressure depend on her ability to cope with stress, her readiness for self-realization, and her ability to achieve goals. A high level of psychological well-being contributes to the enjoyment of raising an adopted child.</span></p>

Social isolation and likelihood of becoming centenarians: evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey

BackgroundSocial isolation, defined as an individual’s lack of social connections, is particularly prevalent among older adults. However, its association with health outcomes among the oldest-old population (aged 80 and above) was understudied.AimsTo examine the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian among the oldest-old people in China, aiming to provide novel insights into promoting healthy aging and longevity.MethodsUsing data from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, conducted in 22 provinces in mainland China since 1998, we performed a community-based, prospective nested case-control study. The primary outcome was survival to the age of 100 by 2018 (the end of follow-up). Information on social isolation and other covariates was collected via a questionnaire at baseline. The degree of social isolation was categorized as low, moderate, and high. Included (n = 5,716) were 1,584 identified centenarians and 4,132 controls (deceased before reaching 100 years), matched by age, sex, and year of entry. A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, chronic disease, potential disability, optimistic attitude, and perceived loneliness.ResultsIndividuals with the highest social isolation score had lower odds of becoming centenarians (adjusted OR:0.82; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98), relative to those with the least social isolation (P-value < 0.05), and this association persisted in sensitivity analyses. The association was more pronounced among ever smokers, compared to never smokers (P-value = 0.001). We did not observe significant interactions between social isolation and other covariates (P-value > 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThis study highlights the inverse association between social isolation and the likelihood of becoming a centenarian, emphasizing the need for public health initiatives to combat isolation in the older population.

The hidden link: dysmenorrhea, emotion regulation, and attitudes toward marriage in female nursing students.

Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, can cause physical discomfort and mood swings, potentially impacting the attitudes of female nursing students toward marriage. Effective emotion regulation strategies are essential for managing stress and shaping their perspectives on marriage. This study sought to investigate the relationship between dysmenorrhea, emotional regulation skills, and attitudes toward marriage among female nursing students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified sample of 504 female nursing students from four academic years. The study used a combination of the Working Ability, Location, Intensity, Days of Pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) Questionnaire, the Marital Attitude Scale, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to assess various factors among the participants. The Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to examine the relationships among the three primary variables. Additionally, linear regression analysis was employed to forecast attitudes toward marriage based on factors such as dysmenorrhea, residence, family type, regularity of the menstrual cycle, and age at menarche. The findings of the study are significant, revealing a negative correlation between dysmenorrhea and marital attitudes (r = -0.105, p = 0.019). Dysmenorrhea exhibited minimal and non-significant correlations with emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.006, p = 0.898) and expressive suppression (r = 0.013, p = 0.774). In contrast, marital attitudes significantly influenced emotion regulation (β = -0.169, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses indicated significant effects of various factors on marital attitudes, including residence (β = -0.5136, p = 0.0478), family type (β = 5.9923, p = 0.0060), regularity of the menstrual cycle (β = 6.1262, p = 0.0014), and age at menarche (β = 1.5521, p = 0.0491). A significant negative correlation between dysmenorrhea and certain attitudes, specifically optimistic and realistic marital attitudes, was found. This indicates that higher levels of dysmenorrhea are associated with less favorable perspectives in these domains. Additionally, the study demonstrates that negative marital attitudes were linked to poorer emotional regulation. This suggests that individuals with more pessimistic views about marriage may face challenges in effectively managing their emotions. These results underscore the intricate connections between physical health, attitudes, and emotional well-being. They highlight the need to address dysmenorrhea within nursing education and practice, considering its broader psychological impact.

Analisis Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Pada Bank Mandiri Regional VIII Surabaya

Background – Based on these data, it can be seen that the tendency to achieve sales volume targets as a performance target for PT credit card units. Bank Mandiri is stagnant or flat, but the achievement figure is still below the predetermined target value, namely still below 100%. Achieving targets that are still below 100% is a threat to Bank Mandiri's credit card unit because it reduces revenue and unit valuation when compared to other units. Apart from that, from the employee side, if the target achievement is below 100%, it will have an impact on the absence of incentives issued as rewards, which is feared will reduce employee motivation and satisfaction with the Bank Mandiri credit card unit. Aim – This research aims to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on performance by considering job satisfaction and job stress as mediators. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – Using a quantitative approach, this research involved 90 employees of Bank Mandiri Regional VIII Surabaya City. The data collected was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.5 software, with a focus on the relationship between emotional intelligence, employee performance, job satisfaction, and job stress. Findings – This research shows that 1) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance, 2) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance through job satisfaction, and 3) emotional intelligence has a positive effect on employee performance through work stress. Conclusion – Emotional intelligence in the workplace as a form of improving employee performance is basically a necessity for employees. However, emotional intelligence will cause employees to achieve job satisfaction and reduce work stress. Research implication – In connection with emotional intelligence, companies should be able to maintain and improve the optimistic attitude of employees to achieve success. In relation to job satisfaction, companies should pay attention to aspects of providing work according to the tasks and functions given. In relation to work stress, companies should be able to create a conducive climate within the company. Limitations – This research is supported by data from bank employees, especially Bank Mandiri. There is a possibility that other banks will also provide the same or different results, which thus requires additional justification to see this at other banks.

THE ROLE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR IN MODERN AGRIBUSINESS AND CHOOSING THE MOST FAVORABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGY

Modern agribusiness, as a permanent process of reallocating financial, physical, and human resources from areas of societal reproduction where they are underutilized and inefficiently used to areas where they will yield much greater effects, always demands a positive optimistic attitude. The entrepreneur, in line with the analyses of self-development management philosophy, must impartially and objectively assess their strengths, weaknesses, available opportunities and threats in their operations. It is crucial to believe in one's abilities and the products or services offered. Agricultural entrepreneurship, as part of production, is characterized by low mobility of assets over time and space. Land as a production factor also has a limiting effect on agricultural entrepreneurial activity. The natural factor, along with the biological nature of the means and objects of work, is a precondition for the conditioned nature of agribusiness operations. The entrepreneur in agribusiness is a person who possesses creativity, and can lead and handle all challenges and risks in the work process. They are brave enough to take the risk of turning their idea into reality. Entrepreneurs are one of the most renowned untapped sources in the world of creativity and growth, making their role in modern agribusiness increasingly relevant in both developed and transition countries. By utilizing their entrepreneurial skills and qualities, the entrepreneurs should apply the best entrepreneurial strategies for the benefit of the company, not allowing uncertainty and potential failure to discourage future steps. On the contrary, they should see opportunities, not problems, in challenges and risks.