Optical Soliton Communication Research Articles

Simulation of the synergistic effect of multiple operation parameters on cavity soliton in nonlinear fiber resonator

All optical soliton communication is a new generation of ultra-long distance and ultra-high speed optical fiber communication technology. Optical cavity solitons (CSs), whose pulse property is unique, have shown great potentials in optical soliton communication systems. Here, a theoretical model of nonlinear fiber resonator for CS generation is proposed. The effect of pump laser and resonant cavity parameters on the CS pulse performance is detailedly investigated and deeply analysed. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of continuous wave (CW) pump laser power and pump pulse peak power, and the synergistic effect of dispersion condition, fiber nonlinear coefficient and fiber length on the generation and property of CS pulse are respectively discussed and summarized. Finally, the launch conditions and parameter variation tolerances of cavity soliton in nonlinear fiber resonant cavity have been successfully generalized. These results can provide important instruction to the experimental generation and optimization of CS pulse.

Optical wave solutions of highly dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation without the existence of inter-model dispersion

This paper studies highly dispersive solitons with a nonlinear refractive index without inter-model dispersion, which is of great significance in long-distance optical soliton communication and therefore has important research value. By using the trial equation method and the complete discrimination system for the polynomial method, we get a large number of solutions that were not previously studied by scholars and divide these solutions into four modes: rational modes, solitary wave modes, triangular function periodic modes, and elliptic function double periodic modes. These solutions demonstrate the propagation mode and spatial structure of the equation. Compared with previous scholars’ research, the method used in this article is simpler, easier, and more effective to understand. Besides, two-dimensional images are provided.

Effective Control of Three Soliton Interactions for the High-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

We take the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a mathematical model and employ the bilinear method to analytically study the evolution characteristics of femtosecond solitons in optical fibers under higher-order nonlinear effects and higher-order dispersion effects. The results show that the effects have a significant impact on the amplitude and interaction characteristics of optical solitons. The larger the higher-order nonlinear coefficient, the more intense the interaction between optical solitons, and the more unstable the transmission. At the same time, we discuss the influence of other free parameters on third-order soliton interactions. Effectively regulate the interaction of three optical solitons by controlling relevant parameters. These studies will lay a theoretical foundation for experiments and further practicality of optical soliton communications.

Modulating anti-dark vector bisolitons

Theoretical simulations about modulating anti-dark vector bisolitons are reported in this manuscript. The modulation bases on an optical fiber modulation system, and four kinds of soliton parameters are considered for variation. The input central wavelengths in orthogonal polarization directions are assumed to be same or slightly different, corresponding to polarization locked state or group-velocity locked state. The modulated pulse shapes or optical spectra at output port will show their own characteristics, depending on different modulation parameters. For example, modulated bisolitons in orthogonal directions demonstrate obvious pulse oscillations when projection angle varies, in the condition of different central wavelengths. These simulations are useful to study modulating optical fiber vector bisolitons out of fiber laser oscillator, and have potential applications in optical fiber vector soliton communication, quantum information processing and so on.

Switchable in-phase and out-phase polarization rotation vector solitons in a birefringence-managed fiber laser

Nonlinear polarization evolution of vector solitons is an interesting subject in nonlinear science and laser dynamics. Here, we demonstrate two types of switchable multiple polarization rotation vector solitons (PRVSs) in a mode-locked fiber laser through birefringence management. It is found that due to the polarization evolution induced gain competition and mode-coupling effect, the intensities of the two orthogonal polarization components of neighboring solitons differ in each round-trip, manifesting as the out-phase PRVSs. By adjusting the polarization orientation of injecting pulses with respect to the principal axis of polarization-maintaining fiber, neighboring solitons can project equal weight of intensity in two orthogonally-polarized directions, thus switching the out-phase PRVSs to the in-phase PRVSs. Real-time spectral measurement results validate the formation of two PRVSs, and reveal the distinct evolution dynamics. This work provides an effective method to control the polarization state of each soliton in multi-pulses mode-locked fiber lasers, and a potential avenue to introduce polarization-coding in optical soliton communications.

Application of optical fiber nanotechnology in power communication transmission

Power communication network is an indispensable unit to maintain power network operation. The application of optical fiber nanotechnology in power communication transmission is studied in this paper. The optical fiber nanotechnology is applied to the power communication network (optical transmission network technology is the main transmission technology), and the functional model of the optical transmission network device node is established. The form of the terminal multiplexing device function module, the electrical cross device function module, and the photoelectric hybrid cross device function module in the optical transmission network is analyzed. The optical fiber nanotechnology is applied to the optical multiplex section and the optical transmission section using optical transmission network technology. The data in the power communication network is transmitted by strong third-order optical nonlinearity of optical fiber nanotechnology and optical soliton communication. The experimental results show that when optical fiber nanotechnology is applied to power communication transmission, the loss of communication cable is within the standard range, and the rate of digital communication interface is higher than 7,000 bit/s in different service quantities. This effectively validates the reliability of optical fiber nanotechnology for power communication transmission.

Generation and categories of solitons in various mode-locked fiber lasers

Optical solitons generated from fiber lasers have been extensively investigated for their good stability, narrow pulse width and high peak power, which play an indispensable role in many fields such as mechanical micromachining, optical microscope, imaging technology, optical soliton communication and so on. In this review, we summarize the development of soliton fiber laser, and the current application of soliton pulses. There are many different kinds of mode-locking technologies to generate solitons, such as actively mode-locked fiber lasers, passively mode-locked fiber lasers and hybrid mode-locked fiber lasers. During the long-term research of solitons, various types of solitons have been gradually realized under different group velocity dispersion (GVD) conditions in passively mode-locked fiber lasers, such as conventional solitons (CSs) (GVD < 0), dispersion-managed solitons (DMSs) (GVD≈0), self-similar solitons (GVD ≥ 0), dissipative solitons (DSs) (GVD > 0). And in order to apply solitons to more fields, soliton amplification and compression technologies are widely used to improve the performance of solitons, such as chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technology, self-similar soliton amplification technology, large-mode area (LMA) fiber, etc. Finally, the development prospect of soliton in the future is prospected.

Transmission of M-type combined solitary wave in the birefringent fiber with comprehensive management

In this paper, we reveal the transmission properties of the M-type combined solitary wave in birefringent fiber with third-order dispersion, self-frequency shift, self-steepening, fifth-order nonlinearity and the gain (loss) effects. The numerical simulations show that the M-type solitary wave can be stably transmitted through 300 dispersion lengths via balancing the variety of effects. And it can even be stably transmitted under the condition of limited interference under a small perturbation of noise, amplitude and phase position. The results can provide certain references for the research of optical soliton communication and optical devices.

Solitons in Electromagnetism: From the Speculations of John Scott Russell to Optical Soliton Communications [Historical Corner

Where electromagnetic wave propagation is mainly governed by dispersion and nonlinearity, solitons can be found. With this in mind, we review the progress that led to the present knowledge of electromagnetic solitons, starting from the speculations of John Scott Russell, who discovered the hydrodynamic soliton, to the optical soliton devices for communications and processing.

The application of generalized coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in optical fibers

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation is mathematical model, which describes the transmission of ultra-short pulse in single-mode fiber. However the propagation of femtosecond pulse with high peak power in birefringence fibers and inhomogeneous media is described by the generalized coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients. A new transformation is presented and new forms of one-soliton solutions and two-soliton solutions are obtained by Hirota bilinear method in this paper. Assigning the characteristic parameters of solutions can get the corresponding intensity functions, which are numerically simulated by Maple. Thus we can analyze the characteristics of the solitons in the process of transmission. According to parameter values, we derive that soliton can steadily propagate, when the group-velocity dispersion effect and nonlinear effect get balanced. Optical soliton communication system can obtain high speed, large capacity and long distance. The new forms of solutions in this paper have great practical significance for the propagation of optical pulse.

(2 + 1)-Dimensional Coupled Model for Envelope Rossby Solitary Waves and Its Solutions as well as Chirp Effect

Using the method of multiple scales and perturbation method, a set of coupled models describing the envelope Rossby solitary waves in (2+1)-dimensional condition are obtained, also can be called coupled NLS (CNLS) equations. Following this, based on trial function method, the solutions of the NLS equation are deduced. Moreover, the modulation instability of coupled envelope Rossby waves is studied. We can find that the stable feature of coupled envelope Rossby waves is decided by the value ofS. Finally, learning from the concept of chirp in the optical soliton communication field, we study the chirp effect caused by nonlinearity and dispersion in the propagation of Rossby waves.

Investigation on nonautonomous soliton management in generalized external potentials via dispersion and nonlinearity

We investigate the controllable behavior of nonautonomous soliton in external potentials with variable dispersion and nonlinearity management functions, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous fiber system. We derive the Lax pair with a variable spectral parameter and the exact multi-soliton solution is generated via Darboux transformation. Based on these solutions, several novel optical solitons are constructed by selecting appropriate functions and the main evolution features of these waves are shown by some interesting figures with computer simulation. As few examples, breathers in periodic potential, soliton compression in an exponentially dispersion decreasing fiber and interaction of boomerang solitons are discussed. The presented results have applications in the study of nonautonomous soliton birefringence-managed switching architecture. These results are potentially useful in the management of nonautonomous soliton with external potentials in the optical soliton communications and long-haul telecommunication networks.

A Review of Ultra-Short Soliton Pulse Generation Using InGaAsP/InP Microring Resonator (MRR) Systems

System of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop MRR system are presented to generate single and multi-temporal and spatial ultra-short soliton pulses applicable in optical soliton communications. The chaotic signals caused by the nonlinear condition could be generated and propagated within the system. The Kerr effect in the MRR system induces the nonlinearity condition. The proposed MRR systems are used to generate ultra-short soliton pulse within the system. Using the appropriate MRR parameters, ultra-short spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. In this work, narrow soliton pulses could be localized within the proposed systems. Here soliton pulses of 0.7 ps, 0.83 fs and 19 pm are generated using series of MRRs connected to an add/drop MRR system. The nonlinear refractive index is n2=2.2 x 10-17 m2/W. Using the panda ring resonator system, the ultra-short soliton pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) and free spectral range (FSR) of 5 MHz and 2 GHz, were generated at the throughput port. The output signals pulses with FWHM of 10 MHz and FSR of 2 GHz could be obtained at the drop port of the system. As second results using this system, multi-carrier soliton pulses with FWHM=20 MHz are localized within this system with respect to 20,000 roundtrips of the input pulse. Localized optical tweezers could be generated using the half-Panda MRR system, where the peaks have FWHM and FSR of 8.9 nm and 50 nm respectively. The nonlinear refractive index was selected to n2=2.5×10-17 m2/W.

Effect of Different Scattaring Technique on Higher Order Soliton

AbstractIn this paper, the decay of higher order soliton in the presence of third order dispersion, intrapulse Raman scattering and self-steepening scattering has been examined in optical fiber soliton communication. The result has been analysed in the form of graphic representation for optical time domain visualizer and optical spectrum analyzer.

Analytical soliton solutions for the cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Raman effect in the nonuniform management systems

Based on the Kundu–Eckhaus equation with variable coefficients, the exact one-soliton and two-soliton solutions have been explicitly given by an appropriate similarity transformation method. As an example, an exponential distributed fiber control system, nonlinearity management system and dispersion management system have been considered, and the propagation characteristics of the exact soliton solutions in the three nonuniform management systems have been investigated in detail. Especially, the dynamic properties of the amplitude, pulse width and the central position of the soliton with transmission distance have been studied. The results have some guiding significance for soliton amplification, compression and control management, and can provide some theoretical analysis for carrying out optical soliton communication experiment.

Study on parameter optimization in a passively mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser

Optical soliton communication is the frontier research topic of optical fiber communication. In this paper, we study optical solitons generated by passively mode-locked Erbium-doped (Er-doped) fiber (EDF) laser. We analyze the variation of nonlinear equilibrium point parameter N of the passively mode-locked EDF laser in the role of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and small-signal gain, and adjusting system parameter N is as close as to possible to 1. The ground state first-order optical soliton which generated through system parameter optimization of the passively mode-locked EDF laser will improve the efficiency and stability of optical soliton communication system. The research of this paper will have provided the theoretical foundation of parameter optimization in a passively mode-locked EDF laser. And it will be possible for the passively mode-locked fiber laser in optical fiber communication system to be applied from the laboratory stage to the practical application.

Formation and interaction characteristics of two-component spatial weak-light soliton in a four-level double-Λ type system

By using the multiple-scale method, we study analytically the formation and stability of two-component spatial optical solitons in a cold, lifetime-broadened resonant four-level double-Λ type atomic system via electromagnetically induced transparency. It is shown that stable two-component (1+1) dimension spatial optical solitons with extremely weak light intensity can occur, which is different from the passive ones with photorefractive and planar waveguides. Furthermore, the interaction characteristics between two solitons are studied by numerical simulations. We find that the collisional dynamics and the energy transfer of the two solitons are closely correlated with their relative phase shift. Our results may provide a good idea to obtain useful spatial optical solitons for application in optical soliton communications.

The Bright Soliton Solutions of Two Variable-Coefficient Coupled Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equations in Optical Fibers

In this paper, with the aid of symbolic computation the bright soliton solutions of two variablecoefficient coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations are obtained by Hirota’s method. Some figures are plotted to illustrate the properties of the obtained solutions. The properties are meaningful for the investigation on the stability of soliton propagation in the optical soliton communications.

Higher-Order Effects Induced Optical Solitons in Fiber

In this paper, we study the existence conditions of the soliton solutions induced by considering the higher-order effects such as the third-order dispersion (TOD), self-steepening (SS), and self-frequency shift arising from stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) simultaneously in optical soliton communication. Based on the Jacobian expansion method, we successfully obtain bright and dark solitons. The results shows that the resultant inclusion is in agreement with Mollenauer et al. [Physical Review Letters45 (1980) 1095] when the SRS is not considered; while when the SRS is considered, the existence conditions of the higher-order effects induced bright and dark solitons are not only quite different from those of the group velocity dispersion (GVD)-induced and self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced solitons, but also different from those of the TOD- and SS-induced solitons discussed by Mollenauer et al. [Physical Review Letters45 (1980) 1095].

The application of the extending symmetry group approach in optical soliton communication

A systematic method which is based on the classical Lie group reduction is used to find the novel exact solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) with distributed dispersion, nonlinearity and gain or loss. We study the transformations between the standard NLS equation and the NLS equations with distributed dispersion, nonlinearity and gain or loss. Appropriate solitary wave solutions can be applied to discuss soliton propagation in optical fibres, and the amplification and compression of pulses in optical fibre amplifiers.