Optical Properties Research Articles

Investigation of amorphous-SiC thin film deposition by RF magnetron sputtering for optical applications

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a rapidly emerging material for photonic applications, thanks to its exceptional optical properties. To be used as a waveguide, SiC thin films must be deposited directly on silica at low temperature. Amorphous SiC films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering using a single source of high-purity polycrystalline SiC. A systematic study of the chemical, structural and optical properties of the films was carried out, using a combination of XRD, XPS, SIMS, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The aim was to link deposition conditions to film properties. By exploring a three-parameter space (RF power, substrate temperature, pressure), we have demonstrated that RF power is the main parameter which controls the entire deposition process and film properties. By simply adjusting the RF plasma power between 150 and 450 W, it is possible to adjust the refractive index at a wavelength of 1.5 μm in the range 2.50–2.75 and vary the bandgap from 2.5 to 1.7 eV. This is attributed to a slight variation in film composition, particularly in terms of Si/C ratio and C–C bond concentration.

A large-dynamic range conductivity-modulated PANI online analysis and sensing platform for ammonia gas detection using coupled optical probing mode

Due to the large-dynamic range and reversible conductivity modulation capability, polyaniline (PANI) shows promising prospects for diverse applications, such as supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and electrochromic materials. However, online characterization of the optical properties of the conductive polymer in the infrared band throughout the synthesis and redox state changing processes poses a challenge. Here, we propose and demonstrate an analysis and sensing platform for real-time evaluation of both thickness and the complex refractive index of PANI nanofilm, and employed for ammonia gas concentration sensing. The coupled optical probing mode of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) as a robust and portable permittivity perception tool is utilized for online perceiving the large-dynamic-range conductivity change of PANI nanofilm. By reproducing the spectral evolution of the probing cladding mode resonance, we introduce a simulation method for analyzing the optical properties of polymer nanofilms within the infrared band. For ammonia gas detection, the sensing platform exhibited continuous and reliable detection within a concentration range of 25–500 ppm, with an optimal film thickness of 156 nm. A good linear response was observed with a sensitivity of up to 5.2 × 10−3 dB/ppm, and a linearity (R2 = 0.9876) with a detection limit of 10 ppm. Our proposed low-cost and large dynamic range conductivity-modulated PANI-TFBG platform for optical properties online analysis and sensing shows potential in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and the biochemical field.

Synthesis of Carbon Dots via Microwave-Assisted Process: Specific Sensing of Fe(III) and Antibacterial Activity.

Carbon dots synthesized from a renewable and sustainable source of biomass have greater attention in the nanomaterial research field. In the present study, we adopted a facile and green synthesis of carbon dots from bio waste of pumpkin seeds using a one-pot microwave-assisted carbonization method. The synthesized carbon dots exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties with a bright blue emission peak at 399nm and fluorescence quantum yield was about 9.5%. The optical properties and structure of carbon dots were examined using various spectroscopy techniques and the synthesized carbon practical size was about 4.37nm and possessed good solubility in water. Carbon dots were used for the detection of Ferric ions in the water bodies and the interaction between Fe3+ ions and carbon dots was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. This method is a simple and selective detection of Fe3+ in the aqueous medium. Interestingly carbon dots also show good antibacterial activity at a very low concentration (1mg/L) for effective control of E. coli 93% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (81%), within 12h.

Structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of a new equiatomic quaternary heusler compound FeZrCrZ (Z = Si, Ge, Sn): A first-principles investigation

In this investigation, we undertake an ab initio exploration of the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of equiatomic quaternary Heusler compounds (EQH), specifically FeZrCrZ (Z = Si, Ge, Sn). Our investigation involves the utilization of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) in density functional theory (DFT) framework, employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The findings reveal that the Y-type-I arrangement, demonstrating ferromagnetic alignment, emerges as the most thermodynamically favored configuration among all FeZrCrZ (Z = Si, Ge, and Sn) compounds. Computed values for formation energy substantiate the feasibility of experimental synthesis.Furthermore, we meticulously determine elastic constants, confirming the structural robustness of the quaternary compounds. Dynamic stability analysis reinforces their stability. Electronic property assessments unveil the semi-metallic nature of FeZrCrZ (Z = Si, Ge, and Sn) alloys, showcasing complete spin polarization at the Fermi energy (100 %), a minimal energy gap, and magnetic moments of 2 μB when Z = Si, Ge, and 4 μB when Z = Sn. Optical property calculations encompass complex refractive index, dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, and optical conductivity, indicating potential suitability of these compounds for optoelectronic applications. Employing Boltzmann transport theory, we investigate the thermoelectric performance of the compounds concerning temperature, and chemical potential. Evaluation of the thermoelectric response underscores their viability as thermoelectric materials, linked to a substantial figure of merit, increased Seebeck coefficient, and diminished thermal conductivity. This study provides crucial theoretical insights for experimental researchers, offering valuable information for the synthesis and application of these compounds in spintronics, thermoelasticity, and optoelectronics.

Structural and optical studies of cost-effective ZnO/CCS nanocomposites

Traditionally, candle carbon soot (CCS) considered an undesired cause of air pollution, has been technologically utilized by new advanced techniques. Among carbon family, CCS is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material. It has potential applications in various research areas such as gas sensors, solar cells and water/oil separation. In the present work, we have synthesized ZnO/CCS nanocomposite by the simple chemical method. This nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, FE-SEM/EDX, Raman and Photo luminance spectroscopy. It was found that CCS incorporation in ZnO effectively improved their structural, optical and photochemical properties. The incorporation of CCS within the ZnO accounts for the improved light-absorption capacity, extended light-response range and better photocatalytic activity. The reported CCS-ZnO composite has potential application as a photocatalyst.

Illuminating the Power of V2O5 Nanoparticles: Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes under Visible Light.

This research explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of Vanadium Pentoxide nanoparticles (V2O5 NPs), focusing on their efficacy in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes under visible light. Utilizing a co-precipitation method, we synthesized V2O5 NPs characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure with a consistent average particle size of 28nm. The optical properties of V2O5 NPs, including their band gap, were thoroughly investigated to understand their light absorption capabilities, which are crucial for photocatalytic activity. In our study, Methyl Violet (MV) dye was employed as a model organic pollutant to assess the photocatalytic performance of the nanoparticles. Under visible light irradiation, the V2O5 nanoparticles demonstrated an exceptional photocatalytic degradation efficiency, achieving up to 85% degradation of the MV dye within 100min. This high level of efficiency is attributed to the nanoparticles' ability to effectively absorb visible light and generate electron-hole pairs, thereby facilitating a robust degradation process. Further analysis revealed that the photocatalytic activity led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, which are integral to the dye degradation mechanism. These ROS play a critical role in breaking down the dye molecules, significantly contributing to the overall effectiveness of the photocatalytic process. The results of this study highlight the potential of V2O5 nanoparticles as a sustainable and effective photocatalytic material for environmental remediation applications, particularly in the treatment of wastewater containing organic dyes. This research not only advances our understanding of the photocatalytic properties of V2O5 nanoparticles but also demonstrates their practical application in addressing environmental pollution through innovative and efficient degradation of hazardous substances.

Novel boehmite and η-alumina nanostructures synthesized using a green ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method by clove extract for water treatment

In the paper, a novel three-dimensional self-assembly flower-like structure consisting of one-dimensional needle-like η-alumina as well as spherical boehmite and η-alumina nanoparticles synthesized through the green ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method (GUAH) is introduced. Also, the effects of clove extract and calcination of nanoparticles (NPs) at 550 °C on the properties of the NPs are studied. The results declare that the extract concentration and calcination affect the crystallinity of the NPs, and amorphous NPs are formed at a higher concentration of clove extract. Notably, the extract concentration predominantly impacts the optical properties of the NPs, yielding a wide range of bandgap energies from 2.3 to 4.7 eV. Moreover, the specific surface area of 173 to 330 m2/g, and 195 to 327 m2/g are obtained for boehmite and η-alumina NPs, respectively. Evaluating the efficiencies of the NPs in treating water containing copper ions (194 ppm) under varying pH conditions demonstrates high removal rates at short contact times (10 min) achieved by specific η-alumina NPs as a good candidate for water treatment from Cu2+ ions.

Study the structural and optical properties of Zinc Oxide prepared by pulse laser deposition

Study the structural and optical properties of Zinc Oxide prepared by pulse laser deposition

Phenology and Plant Functional Type Link Optical Properties of Vegetation Canopies to Patterns of Vertical Vegetation Complexity

Vegetation vertical complexity influences biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. Rapid warming in the boreal region is altering patterns of vertical complexity. LiDAR sensors offer novel structural metrics for quantifying these changes, but their spatiotemporal limitations and their need for ecological context complicate their application and interpretation. Satellite variables can estimate LiDAR metrics, but retrievals of vegetation structure using optical reflectance can lack interpretability and accuracy. We compare vertical complexity from the airborne LiDAR Land Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) in boreal Canada and Alaska to plant functional type, optical, and phenological variables. We show that spring onset and green season length from satellite phenology algorithms are more strongly correlated with vegetation vertical complexity (R = 0.43–0.63) than optical reflectance (R = 0.03–0.43). Median annual temperature explained patterns of vegetation vertical complexity (R = 0.45), but only when paired with plant functional type data. Random forest models effectively learned patterns of vegetation vertical complexity using plant functional type and phenological variables, but the validation performance depended on the validation methodology (R2 = 0.50–0.80). In correlating satellite phenology, plant functional type, and vegetation vertical complexity, we propose new methods of retrieving vertical complexity with satellite data.

Enhancement of CuO/Si Solar Cell Efficiency by Cu2O Doping Prepared Via Thermal Evaporation Technique

CuO:Cu2O/Si heterojunctions have been prepared with different concentrations of Cu2O nanoparticles using the thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the prepared films are polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure and preferential orientation (110) direction along the [Formula: see text] axis at [Formula: see text], which corresponds to the pure CuO with crystallite size 18[Formula: see text]nm, while the particle size ranged from 14[Formula: see text]nm to 34 nm (resulted from SEM test). The optical properties were studied by recording the absorbance spectra using the UV–visible spectrophotometer. The absorbance increased with Cu2O doping. The high values of the energy gap refer to the quantization effect. The electrical properties including the Hall effect were studied. CuO:Cu2O/Si heterojunctions have been prepared at different concentrations. [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] characteristics show that the Cu2O doping increases the energy conversion efficiency by retarding the electron–hole recombination and the improved device performance is caused by the high short-circuit current ([Formula: see text] and open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] and found that the highest efficiency ([Formula: see text] at doping 0.006 Cu2O 3.471% with [Formula: see text] of 2.20[Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text] of 0.0170[Formula: see text]mA cm[Formula: see text] and F.F of 0.6497 at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW/cm2.

An Electrochemically Programmable Metasurface with Independently Controlled Metasurface Pixels at Optical Frequencies.

Metasurfaces have revolutionized optical technologies by offering powerful, compact, and versatile solutions to control light. Conducting polymers, characterized by their conjugated molecular structures, facilitate charge transport and exhibit interesting electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Integrating conducting polymers with optical metasurfaces can unlock new opportunities and functionalities in modern optics. In this work, we demonstrate an electrochemically programmable metasurface with independently controlled metasurface pixels at optical frequencies. Electrochemical modulation of locally conjugated polyaniline on gold nanorods, which are arranged on addressable electrodes according to the Pancharatnam-Berry phase design, enables dynamic control over the metasurface pixels into programmable configurations. With the same metasurface device, we showcase diverse optical functions, including dynamic beam diffraction and varifocal lensing along and off the optical axis. The synergy between flat optics and conducting polymer science holds immense potential to enhance the performance and function versatility of metasurfaces, paving the way for innovative optical applications.

An Atom-Precise Understanding of DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters.

ConspectusDNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (AgN-DNAs) are sequence-encoded fluorophores. Like other noble metal nanoclusters, the optical properties of AgN-DNAs are dictated by their atomically precise sizes and shapes. What makes AgN-DNAs unique is that nanocluster size and shape are controlled by nucleobase sequence of the templating DNA oligomer. By choice of DNA sequence, it is possible to synthesize a wide range of AgN-DNAs with diverse emission colors and other intriguing photophysical properties. AgN-DNAs hold significant potential as "programmable" emitters for biological imaging due to their combination of small molecular-like sizes, bright and sequence-tuned fluorescence, low toxicities, and cost-effective synthesis. In particular, the potential to extend AgN-DNAs into the second near-infrared region (NIR-II) is promising for deep tissue imaging, which is a major area of interest for advancing biomedical imaging. Achieving this goal requires a deep understanding of the structure-property relationships that govern AgN-DNAs in order to design AgN-DNA emitters with sizes and geometries that support NIR-II emission.In recent years, major advances have been made in understanding the structure and composition of AgN-DNAs, enabling new insights into the correlation of nanocluster structure and photophysical properties. These advances have hinged on combined innovations in mass characterization and crystallography of compositionally pure AgN-DNAs, together with combinatorial experiments and machine learning-guided design. A combined approach is essential due to the major challenge of growing suitable AgN-DNA crystals for diffraction and to the labor-intensive nature of preparing and solving the molecular formulas of atomically precise AgN-DNAs by mass spectrometry. These approaches alone are not feasibly scaled to explore the large sequence space of DNA oligomer templates for AgN-DNAs.This account describes recent fundamental advances in AgN-DNA science that have been enabled by high throughput synthesis and fluorimetry together with detailed analytical studies of purified AgN-DNAs. First, short introductions to nanocluster chemistry and AgN-DNA basics are presented. Then, we review recent large-scale studies that have screened thousands of DNA templates for AgN-DNAs, leading to discovery of distinct classes of these emitters with unique cluster core compositions and ligand chemistries. In particular, the discovery of a new class of chloride-stabilized AgN-DNAs enabled the first ab initio calculations of AgN-DNA electronic structure and present new approaches to stabilize these emitters in biologically relevant conditions. Near-infrared (NIR) emissive AgN-DNAs are also found to exhibit diverse structures and properties. Finally, we conclude by highlighting recent proof-of-principle demonstrations of NIR AgN-DNAs for targeted fluorescence imaging. Continued efforts may future push AgN-DNAs into the tissue transparency window for fluorescence imaging in the NIR-II tissue transparency window.

Au nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a sensitive and selective fluorescence probe for Fe3+ and dichromate ions in aqueous medium

Graphitic carbon nitride mutated with metal nanoparticles has captivated great interest as an effective fluorescent sensor for the detection of harmful ions present in water. In the present work, bulk-gCN was synthesized using melamine as precursor, and further Au-gCN nanocomposite were fabricated via in-situ direct reduction deposition method. The structural, morphological, compositional, stability and optical properties of bulk gCN and Au-gCN nanocomposite were examined using various scattering and spectroscopic techniques such as HRTEM, XPS, XRD and SEM. The synthesized bulk gCN straggles during selectivity studies with different cations and anions because of its uneven surface morphology, however in Au-gCN gold nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the gCN sheets which results in its enhanced selectivity over bulk gCN. This leads to the fabrication of an optical sensor for Fe3+ and Cr2 ions with limit of detection of 4.62 and 2.77 μM, respectively. The sensing of Fe3+ ions corresponds to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, while the detection of chromate species is associated with an inner filter effect (IFE). The practical applicability of the sensor was also evaluated for different environmental water samples. The high stability, sensitivity, and specificity of Au-gCN nanocomposite make it a potential fluorescent probe for Fe3+ and Cr2 ions in water samples.

Tunneling assisted p-contact free GaN-InGaN green light-emitting diodes

The effects of bottom tunnel junction (TJ) on optoelectronic characteristics of green light-emitting diodes are analyzed numerically. Our proposed LED has enhanced internal quantum efficiency (IQE), radiative recombination rate, and carrier concentration in comparison to reference conventional LED. The IQE increases by 17%, droop is reduced by 28%, and emission intensity is nearly twice as high as than reference design. The improved optical properties of the proposed structure are due to excellent carrier confinement and altered spontaneous polarization in the vicinity of the active region by TJ.

Structural and optical properties of green-synthesised tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles

Abstract In this study, we investigated the structural and optical properties of garlic extract-based green-synthesised tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a particle size range of 8–22 nm for the prepared powder sample. Powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld refinement results confirmed the spinel cubic crystal structure of the tricobalt tetroxide nanoparticles, with an average crystallite size of 11.23 nm. This crystal structure corresponds to the Fd3̅m space group and has an average lattice constant of 0.791 nm. The bond lengths of Co3+‒O2- and Co2+‒O2- are measured to be 0.188 nm and 0.190 nm, respectively. The FTIR data provided evidence of the presence of various functional bands, which helped qualitatively determine the purity of the sample. The UV-Vis spectrum estimated two direct energy band gap values (3.7 eV and 2.2 eV) that may be useful for efficient interaction with a wide range of ray spectra to create more electron-hole pairs for various photo-responsive applications, such as dye degradation, solar cells, and optoelectronic components.

Ab Initio Study of the Graphyne-like γ-SiC Nanoflake for Toxic Gas-Sensing Applications.

This study focuses on the geometrical, electronic, and optical properties of the γ-graphyne-like novel γ-SiC nanoflake of the γ-silicon carbide (SiC) monolayer using density functional theory calculations. γ-SiC was revealed to be a stable semiconducting nanoflake confirmed by a negative cohesive energy, real vibrational frequencies, and a 1.749 eV energy gap. The adsorption of COCl2, HCN, PH3, AsH3, CNCl, and C2N2 toxic gases on the γ-SiC nanoflake is also studied, which revealed an attractive gas-nanoflake interaction with the adsorption energy ranging from -0.21 to -0.38 eV. The adsorption results in a significant charge transfer between gas-adsorbent complexes. A significant variation in the energy gap and electrical conductivity was observed due to gas adsorption. γ-SiC showed maximum sensitivity at room temperature for CNCl gas. The entire process of adsorption is exothermic and thermodynamically stable. γ-SiC showed a high absorption coefficient over 104 orders with a significant variation in the absorption peak intensity and blue peak shifting. According to the quantum theory and reduced density gradient analysis, all of the gases are physisorbed on the γ-SiC nanoflake due to van der Waals interactions. The obtained results signify the usability of γ-SiC as a potential toxic gas sensor.

One-Step Fabrication of 0D Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite with Nonlinear Optical Properties for Ultrafast Pulse Generation.

Low-dimensional lead halide perovskites demonstrate remarkable nonlinear optical characteristics attributed to their distinctive physical structures and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the investigation into their nonlinear optical properties remains in its incipient stages. This study addresses this gap by precisely controlling solvent volumes to synthesize both 0D Cs4PbBr6 and Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 perovskites. Remarkably, as saturable absorbers, both pure Cs4PbBr6 and Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites exhibit favorable nonlinear optical properties within the C-band, showcasing modulation depths of 9.22% and 16.83%, respectively. Moreover, for the first time, Cs4PbBr6 and Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites have been successfully integrated into erbium-doped fiber lasers to realize the mode-locking operations. The utilization of the Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites as a saturable absorber that enables the generation of conventional soliton mode-locked laser pulses with a pulse duration of 688 fs, and a repetition frequency of 10.947MHz at a central wavelength of 1557nm. Cs4PbBr6 is instrumental in generating laser pulses at a frequency of 10.899MHz, producing pulse widths of 642 fs at the central wavelength of 1531.2nm and 1.02ps at the central wavelength of 1565.3nm, respectively. The findings of this investigation underscore the potential utility of 0D Cs4PbBr6 and Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites as promising materials for optical modulation within fiber laser applications.

The effect of re-pressing and glazing on the optical properties of high-density micronized heat-pressed glass ceramic

Recycling high-density micronized (HDM) heat-press glass ceramic ingots to press several restorations would be economical and reduce waste. However, to achieve this, the effects of re-pressing on the optical properties and long-term durability of HDM glass ceramics must be completely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of re-pressing and glazing on the optical properties of HDM heat-press glass ceramic. Twenty-one HDM glass ceramic (Initial LiSi Press) discs were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 7 per group): single heat pressing, double heat pressing, and triple heat pressing. Optical properties, surface roughness, and crystalline structure were measured for each group at three time points: before glazing and thermocycling, after glazing, and after thermocycling. The effect of these independent variables on optical properties were assessed by two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test assessed the differences between groups. Heat re-pressing HDM glass ceramic significantly altered its color, reduced translucency, and reduced surface roughness (P < 0.001). After the second heat-press, the color (ΔΕ00) and translucency parameter changes (ΔTP00) exceeded perceptible thresholds but not clinically acceptable thresholds, but these were exceeded after the third press for ΔΕ00. Additionally, glazing lightened the shade of the ceramic, reduced translucency, and reduced surface roughness (P < 0.001), with ΔΕ00 and ΔTP00 changes exceeding the perceptible but not the clinically acceptable threshold. Thermocycling produced ΔTP00 changes that exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold. Further studies of the effects of heat re-pressing on HDM glass ceramic are now needed to progress toward clinical translation.

Synergistic charge-transfer dynamics of rigid fused and unfused backbone with donors lead to promising photovoltaic properties of diazaborinine-based chromophores

Herein, a series of diazaborinin based derivatives (FABD1–FABD8) having D-π-D configuration was designed by inserting different types of rigid fused and unfused π-bridges into reference molecule (FABR) to explore their photovoltaic characteristics. To determine the optoelectronic and charge transport characteristics of these analogues, DFT/TD-DFT based calculations were conducted at the MPW1PW91/6-31G (d,p) level. For this, various analyses were performed such as transition density matrix (TDM), global reactivity parameters (GRP), open-circuit voltage (Voc), optical properties (UV–Vis), binding energy (Eb), hole-electron and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies. Their insights indicate that a rigid fused π-bridge greatly lowers the band gap as compared to an unfused π-spacers. Particularly, FABD7 showed the lowest energy gap of 2.20 eV owing to the presence of a rigid fused central core as compared to FABR with a band gap of 2.65 eV. Similarly, the entitled designed derivatives demonstrated a redshift absorption in the range of 585.7–704.6 nm while FABR is reported with 558.7 nm in the solvent phase. Furthermore, these derivatives displayed significant Voc with blending of PC61BM acceptor. This observation was also supported by DOS and TDM based insights. Interestingly, FABD7 seemed as a viable photovoltaic material due to its strong optical properties and small band gaps. These results uncover that the designed chromophores may be considered as efficient to enhance the performance of OSCs.

Bioinspired, anti-fogging and de-icing transparent surfaces with flexible property

In cold environments, natural phenomena like icing, frost, and fog can significantly impede the functionality of optical windows. Consequently, there is a growing demand for optical windows that demonstrate anti-fogging and de-icing characteristics while maintaining flexibility and transparency with high optical clarity. The development of cost-effective and straightforward anti-fogging and de-icing elements encounters various challenges. The remarkable visual acuity of polar bear eyes in challenging weather conditions can be attributed to a tear film that covers the cornea and the thermoregulatory characteristics of their eyeballs. Inspired by the anti-fogging and anti-icing properties of polar bear eyes, a new flexible, transparent surface with heating capabilities has been developed. To address the limitations of conventional slippery surfaces that solely offer anti-fouling properties, a flexible internal heating unit is integrated into the slippery surface through a layered nesting technique to emulate the homothermal features of polar bear eyeballs. The slippery property of the PDMS surface can be attributed to a gel layer containing an auto-secretory lubricant. To preserve its optical properties, a new processing method that combines liquid metal microfluidics and femtosecond laser processing is employed. This technique can create narrow channels with a high length-to-diameter ratio, thereby reducing the impact on the transmission rate. The sample demonstrates self-cleaning, resistance to dust and pollution, and efficient electrical heating properties. Testing on fogging and freezing validates the practicality and effectiveness of these substances for applications in anti-fogging and de-icing.