Values Of Optical Parameters Research Articles

Crystal growth, linear optical, thermal, mechanical and third-order nonlinear optical properties of 1,3-diphenyl prop‑2-en-1-one single crystals

This work brings out the viability of the chalcone derivative (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (DPP) for industrial applications in nonlinear optical technology and device fabrication, through investigations on its crystal structure and nonlinear optical properties. The unit cell features of the DPP single crystals grown by slow evaporation solution growth method have been determined and hkl values indexed. The optical transparency of DPP in the near infrared and visible range is found to be admirable and an optical bandgap of 3.42 eV is revealed in the UV–Vis-NIR analysis. The work hardening coefficient (n) of DPP, determined as 2 from Vickers microhardness measurement, shows the moderate mechanical strength of the crystal. The Laser Damage Threshold value of 3.9 GW/cm2 sheds light on the high tolerance of DPP to optical damage and suggests its suitability in device fabrication. The potential of DPP crystal in nonlinear optical applications is suggested from its superior value of 1.16×10−7 esu for third order susceptibility and appealing values of other nonlinear optical parameters.

An experimental insight into a promising novel organic nonlinear optical single crystal Guanidinium 2,4-dichlorobenzoate (G24DCB)

Guanidinium 2,4-dichlorobenzoate (G24DCB), a new chloro substituted benzoic acid based organic single crystal is synthesized, grown and added to the guanidinium family of single crystals. Such G24DCB crystal was obtained by a versatile slow evaporation solution growth technique. The analysis of single crystal X-ray diffraction examined the phase identification and determination of lattice parameters for the synthesized compound. The G24DCB crystal has monoclinic system and adopts space group P21/c. Powder X-ray diffraction explores the studied crystal's crystalline characteristics. The study of Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy examined the necessary vibrational assignments for the formation of the structure of G24DCB. The UV–Visible-NIR analysis entails the determination of the cut-off wavelength of the G24DCB compound from its transmittance spectrum and the computation of other related optical parameter values. Photoluminescence analysis was employed to investigate the studied crystal's emission characteristics. The thermal stability of the G24DCB crystal was examined through thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The laser-induced damage threshold of the crystal was determined using a Nd:YAG laser. The various mechanical attributes exhibited by the synthesized compound were elucidated by microhardness studies and it corresponds to a soft material type. The various third order nonlinear optical characteristics were probed by Z scan study. The positive results of the aforementioned studies suggest the emerging significance possessed by the novel title crystal Guanidinium 2,4-dichlorobenzoate in nonlinear optical applications.

A Comparative Study of the Linear/Nonlinear Optical, and Dielectric Properties of PVA/CMC/(1−x)ZnWO4−xPbS Blended Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications

An analysis was conducted on the optical, structural, and dielectric characteristics of PVA/CMC/(1−x)ZnWO4/xPbS blends. The structures of the filler samples, undoped, and doped blends were examined using X-ray diffraction. The crystallite sizes of the various phases in the filler samples are affected by the amount of PbS in the nanocomposite. The morphologies of different blends were explored using scanning electron microscopy. The doped blend exhibited superior absorption of Ultraviolet A (UVA) and Ultraviolet B (UVB) types in addition to the visible spectrum. The optical band gaps were minimized to (5.37, 5.56, 4.11) and (4.76, 3.14, 2.92) eV for direct and indirect optical transitions, respectively, when the PVP/CMC doped with nanocomposite had 10% PbS. The highest refractive index, optical dielectric constant,and nonlinear optical parameter values were achieved when the blend was loaded with ZnWO4 only while the highest optical conductivity was obtained as the blend contained 15% PbS. The highest fluorescence intensity was observed when the fillers did not contain PbS, and it decreased as the concentration of PbS in the filler increased.

Exploring the optical and electrical features of PVA/CMC/PPy/MWCNTs blended polymers

The objective of this study is to create nanocomposite films using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polypyrrole (PPy) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). These nanocomposites show potential for use in a range of optoelectronics devices. The structure and morphology of PVA/CMC/PPy/x wt % MWCNTs blends were explored using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. In the visible range, the transmittance lowered from 78 to 87 % (PVA/CMC/PPy blend) to 3–5 % (x = 0.25 wt % MWCNTs). The transmittance in the UV range decreased significantly, approaching zero, for the blend containing 0.25 wt % MWCNTs. The material improves the absorption of UV–visible light and efficiently prevents the penetration of UV–visible light. When the concentration of MWCNTs reached 0.05 in the doped blend, the reflectance value improved considerably. The addition of MWCNTs to the PVA/CMC/PPy composite leads to a reduction in the optical bandgap values. The lowest direct and indirect band gaps are (4.98, 4.36) eV and (4.52, 3.19, 2.68, 1.18) eV, respectively, accomplished when the MWCNTs content was 0.2 wt %. A blend containing 0.15 wt % MWCNTs resulted in the highest values of refractive index and nonlinear optical parameters. In the visible light spectrum, the blend with 0.25 wt% MWCNTs had the best optical conductivity values. Doped blends can be used in optoelectronic or photocatalytic applications depended on the amount of MWCNTs doped. The current-voltage characteristics and logarithm of the current density and square root of the electric field strength of PVA/CMC/PPy/x wt % MWCNTs blended polymers at various temperatures were investigated.

Effect of metal chalcogenides on modifying the structural and optical properties of ZnWO4 nanostructure

Hydrothermal and thermolysis techniques were used to create ZnWO4 and 0.9ZnWO4-0.1MS (M = Cd, Zn, Pb) samples. The formed phases in each sample and their structure and microstructure were examined using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement of Synchrotron x-ray diffraction data. The composition and morphology of the formed samples were investigated via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average crystallite size remains relatively constant regardless of the different metal chalcogenides. MS/ZnWO4 samples have two distinct morphologies. The UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) technique is used to investigate the linear and nonlinear optical parameters for different samples. Alloying ZnWO4 with CdS or PbS affects the photo response region of the sample to include visible light. MS/ZnWO4 (MS=CdS, ZnS, PbS) samples have optical band gap values of 2.56, 2.43, 2.99 and 3.1 eV, respectively. The CdS/ZnWO4 and ZnS/ZnWO4 samples exhibit the highest refractive index and optical dielectric constant values within the visible range. CdS or PbS/ZnWO4 samples show the highest nonlinear optical parameters values within the visible range. The impact of MS samples on the photoluminescence emission of ZnWO4 was explored. The CIE chromaticity diagram reveals that MS/ZnWO4 (M = Zn and Pb) samples display a different degree of blue color while CdS/ZnWO4 sample reveals green-yellow colors.

Optical and Spectroscopic Features of K2B4O7-Li2B4O7 -TeO2 Glasses Modified with Cu2+ Ions

This work aims to analyze the structural properties of lithium and potassium tetra borate glasses that have undergone modification with tellurium oxide and Cu2+ ions with the chemical composition xK2B4O7-(80-x) Li2B4O7−19TeO2−1CuO [KLTC] (with x = 50, 60, 70 & 80 mole%). The analysis is performed by using different spectroscopic methods. The absence of sharp Braggs peaks in the X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the amorphous nature of the processed glasses. The optical parameter values were obtained from Tauc and Urbach plots. The band gap values decreased in proportion with the content of K2B4O7 in KLTC. On these samples EPR studies were put on in order to determine the ligand field surrounded by the Cu2+ ions. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters suggest that the Cu2+ ions are located in tetragonally stretched octahedral locations. The existence of metal cations along with the characteristics borate as well as tellurite structural units were confirmed by the peaks observed in the Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra. Among the prepared KLTC glass samples, KLTC-80 is found to be the best sample in the field of fiber optics communication.

Optical and Dielectric Features of PVA/CMC/PVP/ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/x wt% MWCNTs Blended Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications

This study is devoted to optimizing the optical and dielectric parameters of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blended polymer by adding ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4 nanocomposite and controlling the amounts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to engage them in flexible optoelectronics and storage energy capacitors. Herein, 0.9ZnMn2O4/0.1CuCo2O4 was synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and loaded with different ratios of MWCNTs into PVA/CMC/PVP blend to produce films by solution casting procedure. The crystallite size of 0.9ZnMn2O4/0.1CuCo2O4 was determined using transmission electron microscopy. The structures of the filler and doped blends were explored via the X-ray diffraction technique. The optical features of undoped and doped blends were explored by diffused reflectance and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The addition of ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4 to PVA/CMC/PVP caused a decline of direct and indirect optical band gaps from 5.33 and 5.03 eV to 5.19 and 4.66 eV, respectively. By adding different amounts of MWCNTs, the direct/indirect optical band gap reduced irregularly, and they attained their minimum values (5.07, 4.46) eV as it doped with 0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. The highest values of refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and nonlinear optical parameters were achieved in the blend containing ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. It is also found that the dielectric constant and ac conductivity rose with the insertion of ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.6 Wt% MWCNTs. The highest energy density value was found in the polymer blend of PVA/CMC/PVP/ZnMn2O4/CuCo2O4/0.8 Wt% MWCNTs blended polymer. Electrical modulus and Nyquist plots for different blends were also examined. The results recommend the doped blends as a good candidate for optoelectronics and energy storage capacitor applications.

Influence of pH on growth, structural, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of L-asparagine monohydrate single crystal

This report presents investigation on influence of pH on growth, structural, thermal, linear and nonlinear optical properties of L-asparagine monohydrate (LAM) single crystal for the first time. Single crystals of LAM were grown at different pH by solution growth method by allowing slow evaporation of solvent. Crystal grown at pH 6.4 grows slowly as compare to other crystals grown at other pH values. The slight variation in lattice parameters of grown crystals has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction study. FT-IR study confirms the presence of functional groups of LAM in all grown crystals. Influence of pH on optical quality of crystals has been discussed. The crystal grown at pH 5.4 has maximum optical transparency and shows 2 and 20 % more transmission than crystals grown at pH 4.4 and 6.4, respectively. Other optical parameters like cutoff wavelength (λmax), band gap (Eg), linear refractive index (n), reflectance, extinction coefficient (k), electrical susceptibility (χ), optical conductivity(σop), electrical conductivity (σel) and Urbach energy (Eu) of all crystals have been evaluated from transmission data. The LAM crystal grown at pH 6.4 show high values of third order nonlinear optical parameters, as compare to other grown crystals, that attest its suitability for applications like higher harmonic generation, optical switching, optical limiting and other photonic applications over other grown crystals. Thermal stability of the grown crystals has been attested by TG-DTA study.

Enhancement the linear/nonlinear optical and magnetic properties of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures through Ni/Fe dual doping

Nano Zn0.9Ni0.1Co2-xFexO4 samples were prepared using the hydrothermal procedure in order to enhance the functional characteristics of ZnCo2O4 sample. The structural and microstructural parameters of the prepared samples were determined through Rietveld and FTIR analyses. The morphologies and compositions of the samples were examined by SEM and EDS techniques. Upon Ni2+ doping, the bandgap energy of nano ZnCo2O4 decreased from 2.22 eV to 3.61 eV–2.18 eV and 3.51 eV. Doping with Fe caused a slight decrease in bandgap energy for x = 0.05, then an increase for a higher content of Fe. Several empirical equations were used to determine the refractive index from the corresponding obtained optical energy gap values. As the Fe content rose to 5 %, the value of refractive index and nonlinear optical parameters increased; thereafter, it declined with additional Fe doping. The photoluminescence technique was used to analyze defects and processes of charge carrier recombination in the samples. ZnCo2O4 sample exhibits paramagnetic performance. With the addition of Ni to ZnCo2O4, the magnetic characteristics of the sample became superparamagnetic. Samples doped with Ni and various quantities of Fe exhibit a weak ferromagnetic behavior. The effect of doping on the magnetic transition, coercivity, saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization was explored.

A comprehensive investigation of Bi2O3 on the physical, structural, optical, and electrical properties of K2O.ZnO.V2O5.B2O3 glasses

The multi-component glass system has a composition of 10K2O–10ZnO–55 B2O3–(25–x)V2O5–xBi2O3 (x = 4, 5, 7.5, 9, 10 mol%) are synthesized by the melt-quenching method. Using X-ray diffraction examination, the amorphous phase in the material was confirmed. The physical characteristics of the produced compositions are examined using density (D) and molar volume (Vm). Calculations of physical properties showed that adding Bi2O3 from 4 to 10 mol% increased the glass density from 2.7878 to 3.3617 g cm−3 and decreased the molar volume from 40.4196 to 38.5895 cm3/mol. Studies of glass samples using the FTIR show bands of absorption for oxides in different structural groups. Octahedral [BiO6\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\ ext{BiO}}}_{6}$$\\end{document}], [BO4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\ ext{BO}}}_{4}$$\\end{document}], and tetrahedral [BO3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\ ext{BO}}}_{3}$$\\end{document}] structural units are observed in the present glass matrices. The cutoff wavelength (λC\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\lambda }_{C}$$\\end{document}), and optical band gap energy were determined using UV absorption spectra. The increase in non-bridging oxygens can be linked to the decrease in optical band gap energy (Eopt\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${E}_{opt}$$\\end{document}) (direct and indirect) and the increase in cutoff wavelength with an increase in Bi2O3 content. This is attributed to the existence of bismuth ions and the creation of non-bridging oxygens. Besides that, the values of optical parameters, viz., optical electronegativity, refractive index, and molar refractivity, are calculated. The metallization criterion values are less than 1 and the glass samples exhibit an increased tendency towards metallization. Both the conductivity and the dielectric constant increase with the rise in Bi2O3 content, however, the dielectric loss and the impedance reduce. The behavior and values of conductivity for the studied glasses reveal the semiconducting properties of all glass samples. These results suggest that the produced glass samples may be employed as amorphous semiconductors in electronics and memory switching devices.

A computational approach to study the halides-based double perovskites Cs2InAuX6 (X=Cl, Br) for low-cost energy technologies

Using the computer-based simulations in the framework of WIEN2K, we have investigated the structure, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of lead-free double perovskite halides Cs2InAuX6 (X = Cl, Br). These materials stabilize in the cubic phase due to lower formations energies. Interestingly, the Cs2InAuCl6 (Eg = 0.7 eV) exhibits a narrow band gap while the Cs2InAuBr6 (Eg = 0 eV) shows metallic behavior. Our calculated optical parameter values unambiguously reveal that the infrared (IR) regions exhibit the greatest light absorption, proving that these halides are suitable for application in transistors-based devices. Concerning the transport qualities, the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and figure of merit are all investigated. Our findings will benefit future experiments on Cs2InAuX6 (X = Cl, Br) for application in renewable energy devices.

CPV System Optical Performance Evaluation by Means of Direct Experimental Measurement Procedure

The optics is the component that most affects the concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system performance, depending above all on the concentration factor and optical efficiency. Hence, a basic aspect is the concentrated solar flux measure on the receiving area, the evaluation of which is principally realized by indirect measurement methods. First, a literature review on indirect and direct methods used for the evaluation of concentrated solar flux and optical parameters is presented in this paper. The experimental measurement procedure, which is able to evaluate the optical parameters and concentrated solar flux in CPV systems, is also presented. The main steps of this procedure are represented by experimental system setup, sensor selection for concentrated solar flux estimation, identification of all the factors affecting optical performances, and development of an experimental campaign and output analysis. In particular, the optical characterization results of a CPV system are obtained by means of in-depth experimental analysis using Triple-Junction (TJ) solar cells with areas of 5.5 × 5.5 mm2 and 10 × 10 mm2. Three different setups have been analyzed related to primary and secondary optics composition. The main aim of this paper is the determination of a direct measuring technique, rarely adopted in literature in comparison to the established techniques, that is able to evaluate experimentally the optical parameter values and that can be standardized for other CPV systems. In particular, equations that link the optical concentration factor (C) and efficiency (ηopt) with focal distance (h) represent the fundamental results. They can be used for similar point-focus configurations presenting the same TJ cell size and ranges of C, ηopt and h. Finally, the experimental results of the direct method are compared with those of an indirect method adopting the same CPV system and operational conditions.

Exploring the application of nano hybrid nanocomposite bromocresol green and glutamine: An experimental and simulated TD-DFT study

Synthesized and fabricated as a thin film utilizing the Sol-Gel spin coating instrument, a novel ZnO-bromocresol green dye (BG) and glutamine amino acid (GA) hybrid nanocomposite [BG+GA/ZnO]HNC was produced. FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, and optical properties are some of the characterization techniques that have been implemented. Experimental and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), are employed to examine the [BG+GA/ZnO]HNC/Iso isolated hybrid nanocomposite. The MEP range in the isolated molecule phase and the mean diamond-shaped particle diameter were determined as -1.086 × 10−1 ≤[MEP]≤ 2.665 × 10−1 and 52.68 nm for the hybrid nanocomposite [BG+GA/ZnO]HN, respectively. The hybrid nanoblend and nanocomposite films have optical energy band gaps of 2.291 eV and 2.117 eV, respectively, as determined by Tauc's equation. Band gaps were determined as 1.633 eV and 2.213 eV according to the TD-DFT calculations (DMol3) for the hybrid nanoblend and nanocomposite of isolated molecules, respectively. Furthermore, the blend and composite films' optoelectrical parameters have been calculated. The experimental value of the thin films closely corresponds to the simulated optical parameter values acquired by CASTEP in DFT for the isolated molecules of the blend and nanocomposites. Solar cell and optoelectronic applications could benefit greatly from the [BG+GA]HNB and [BG+GA/ZnO]HNC films.

Exploring the mechanical, vibrational optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of novel half-Heusler FeTaX (X = P, As): a first-principles study.

In this study, the density functional theory (DFT) was employed to study the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of half-Heusler (HH) FeTaX (X = P or As). Optimization of the structures was achieved using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) parametrized generalized gradient approximation (GGA). These HH FeTaX (X = P, As) showed indirect bandgaps of 0.882 eV and 0.748 eV, respectively. The predicted density of states (DOS) spectra suggest that Fe-d and Ta-d states contribute predominantly to both valence and conduction bands, whereas P/As-p states contribute less. Optical properties were investigated to assess their potential in optoelectronic applications. The estimated values of various optical parameters and low loss suggest that the studied HH FeTaX (X = P, As) are suitable for optoelectronic device applications. The thermoelectric responses of the studied HH FeTaX (X = P, As) were computed, and their highest power factors at high temperature reflects their usage in thermoelectric devices.

B2O3–TeO2–ZnO–Na2O–Nd2O3 glass matrices: A comprehensive study of physical, structural, optical, and thermoluminescence properties

The present study reveals the effect of Nd3+ in sodium zinc borotellurite glasses for photonic and dosimetric applications. The melt quenching technique was employed to prepare glass samples for different Nd2O3 compositions (0.0–1.0 mol%) with the empirical chemical relation (60-x)B2O3+20TeO2+10ZnO+10Na2O+xNd2O3. The glass samples were characterized via different techniques for their physical, structural, optical and thermoluminescence behaviour. The Archimede's principle was used to analyse the physical parameters, including density (ρ), molar volume (Vm), and oxygen packing density (OPD). XRD spectra indicated the amorphous nature of fabricated glasses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed ZnO, TeO3, TeO4, BO3, BO4 units and Nd–O bonds present in the glass matrix. The values for indirect (Eopt1) gap, Urbach energy (ΔE), cut-off wavelength (λc) and other optical parameters were determined from the optical absorption spectra. Thermoluminescence (TL) response of the prepared glasses was analyzed for gamma dose of 1 kGy–13 kGy, among which NBT 0.2 glass sample showed strongest TL intensity at 5 kGy with non-monotonic behaviour. With the use of Computerised Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD), various trap parameters, including activation energy (E), order of kinetics (b) and frequency factor (s) have been identified. Low effective atomic number of these glasses, along with their optimal TL response makes them effective for radiation monitoring, pasteurization of sea food and decomposition of drugs at high doses.

The impact of functionalization modes on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide

Covalent and noncovalent interaction mechanisms were implemented for the modification of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets through functionalization with zinc oxide nanoparticles employing chemical reduction and ultrasonication methods. The zinc oxide nanoparticles appear as hexagonal wurtzite structures in bare and composite. The partial removal of oxygen groups in rGO is further confirmed by the decline in d spacing in the XRD pattern. In Raman spectra, a reduction in defect ratio points to the restoration of the π conjugated system with the formation of the composite. The observed electronic spectra further confirmed the formation of composite and effective interaction between the components. The morphological analysis revealed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles dispersed over the layered reduced graphene oxide structure. The open aperture z-scan studies suggested increased absorption at the focus (Reverse saturable absorption), which was further exploited for analyzing the optical limiting behavior. The closed aperture z-scan curve implied the self-defocusing feature of the samples. The composite rGO/ZnO C has a β value of 20.31 cmGW at an input intensity of 4.59 GWcm2 and an optical limiting threshold value of 21.54 Jcm2. These superior results are due to the effective interaction and charge conveyance among rGO and ZnO. The work focuses on analyzing the effect of interaction between components in the composite, input laser intensity, and sample concentration on the nonlinear optical properties. The obtained value of nonlinear optical parameters showed the importance of the functionalization mode in enhancing the optical limiting property of the composite. The results have implications for developing novel materials with improved nonlinear optical behavior.

W-chirped solitons and modulated waves patterns in parabolic law medium with anti-cubic nonlinearity

In this work, investigation of the W-chirped solitons and modulation instability are addressed in nonlinear optic fibers where cubic-quintic and parabolic law parameters are used. For this reason, the modified cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with parabolic law nonlinearity is employed. Using the sub-ODE method, the chirp component and combined chirped soliton solutions, including rational soliton solutions, are obtained. Using specific parameters of the nonlinear structure, one can identify dark and bright solitons. For a suitable constant parameter of the chirp component, the W-chirped bright as well as the combined bright-dark solitons are displayed via the 3D plots. The linear stability analysis of the plane wave is used to derive an expression of the modulation instability spectrum that is employed to show the effects of the nonlinear parameters in normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. It is pointed out that both cubic and quintic parameters can enlarge or reduce the bandwidth of the modulation instability. Through the numerical simulation of the continuous wave, it becomes apparent that for suitable optical fiber parameter values, modulated wave objects are formed to exhibit mild oscillations. For specific wavenumber excitation, another modulated wave object is depicted to show how the unstable mode can switch to the stable mode for the long-time evolution of the continuous wave. The obtained results could certainly open a new future for signal treatment in optical fiber, where parabolic law is considered.

Studies on Optical Characterization of One Pot Chemically Synthesized polypyrrole/Poly (Vinyl Acetate) Composite Thin Films

In the present research work, the optical properties of one pot chemically synthesized polypyrrole/poly(vinyl acetate) composite films using FeCl3 as an oxidant have been studied. The result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis depicts the amorphous nature of the prepared composites. The surface morphology of prepared sample was analysed through FE-SEM, which shows granular morphology. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy was employed to study optical parameters. The composite films exhibited strong absorption below 250 nm with well-defined absorption peak at around 225 nm. The optical band gap values of all prepared samples ranges over 2.876 – 3.843 eV. These obtained values of optical parameters suggested that the prepared materials have the potential applications in optoelectronics devices. Key words: optical properties; polypyrrole/poly(vinyl acetate); composite films.

An Optical Sensory System for Assessment of Residual Cancer Burden in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) require precise and accurate evaluation of treatment response. Residual cancer burden (RCB) is a prognostic tool widely used to estimate survival outcomes in breast cancer. In this study, we introduced a machine-learning-based optical biosensor called the Opti-scan probe to assess residual cancer burden in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC. The Opti-scan probe data were acquired from 15 patients (mean age: 61.8 years) before and after each cycle of NAC. Using regression analysis with k-fold cross-validation, we calculated the optical properties of healthy and unhealthy breast tissues. The ML predictive model was trained on the optical parameter values and breast cancer imaging features obtained from the Opti-scan probe data to calculate RCB values. The results show that the ML model achieved a high accuracy of 0.98 in predicting RCB number/class based on the changes in optical properties measured by the Opti-scan probe. These findings suggest that our ML-based Opti-scan probe has considerable potential as a valuable tool for the assessment of breast cancer response after NAC and to guide treatment decisions. Therefore, it could be a promising, non-invasive, and accurate method for monitoring breast cancer patient’s response to NAC.

Au-TiO2-Coated Spectroscopy-Based Human Teeth Disorder Detection Sensor: Design and Quantitative Analysis.

Human tooth functionality is the most important for the human body to become fit and healthy. Due to the disease attacks in human teeth, parts may lead to different fatal diseases. A spectroscopy-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor was simulated and numerically analyzed for the detection of dental disorders in the human body. In this sensor structure, SF11 is used as the base material, gold (Au) is used as the plasmonic material, and TiO2 is used within the gold and sensing analyte layer, and the sensing medium for the analysis of the teeth parts is the aqueous solution. The maximum optical parameter values for the human tooth parts enamel, dentine, and cementum in terms of wavelength sensitivity and confinement loss were obtained as 28,948.69 nm/RIU and 0.00015 dB/m for enamel, 33,684.99 nm/RIU and 0.00028 dB/m, and 38,396.56 nm/RIU and 0.00087 dB/m, respectively. The sensor is more precisely defined by these high responses. The PCF-based sensor for tooth disorder detection is a relatively recent development. Due to its design flexibility, robustness, and wide bandwidth, its application area has been spreading out. The offered sensor can be used in the biological sensing area to identify problems with human teeth.