Nonlinear Optical Refractive Index Research Articles

Predicting the Multiphotonic Absorption in Graphene by Machine Learning

This study analyzes the nonlinear optical properties exhibited by graphene, focusing on the nonlinear absorption coefficient and the nonlinear refractive index. The evaluation was conducted using the Z-scan technique with a 532 nm wavelength laser at various intensities. The nonlinear optical absorption and the nonlinear optical refractive index were measured. Four machine learning models, including linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and gradient boosting regression, were trained to analyze how the nonlinear optical absorption coefficient varies with variables such as spot radius, maximum energy, and normalized minimum transmission. The models were trained with synthetic data and subsequently validated with experimental data. Decision tree-based models, such as random forests and gradient boosting regression, demonstrated superior performance compared to linear regression, especially in terms of mean squared error. This work provides a detailed assessment of the nonlinear optical properties of graphene and highlights the effectiveness of machine learning methods in this context.

Study of Solvent Dependent on Third-Order Nonlinear Optical and Thermo-Optic Coefficient of Malachite Green Dye.

This study reveals the solvent dependent third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) features of malachite green (MG) dye using Z-scan technique. MG dye is dissolved in polar solvents, including DMF, DMSO, ethanol, acetone, methanol, and 1-propanol. The study employs the Z-scan instrument, using a continuous wave (CW) laser as the excitation source, operating at a wavelength of 650nm. The closed aperture (CA) and open aperture (OA) Z-scan techniques are used to assess the nonlinear indices of refraction (n2) and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) of MG dye. MG dye demonstrates both saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in the OA Z-scan results, due to negative and positive NLO absorption coefficients. MG dye proves a self-defocusing NLO refractive index while operating under low-power conditions. The third-order NLO susceptibility (χ3) of MG dye in various liquids are calculated to be the order of 10-6 esu. Multilinear regression fit is applied here to investigate the various intermolecular interactions between the solute and solvent. MG dye exhibited large thermo-optic coefficient of the order of 10- 3 K- 1 is observed. The results give important new information about the characteristics of MG dye and indicate potential sources of material for NLO applications in future.

Investigating electronic, linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of Cr-Substituted ZnS materials

The electronic, linear, and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of the Cr-substituted ZnS (ZnCrS) materials are reported within density functional theory (DFT) by using the mBJ potential. The results showed a cubic symmetry with a lattice constant decreasing as the Cr concentration increased, but the bulk modulus showed the opposite tendency. ZnS is a direct wide bandgap semiconductor; however, incorporating 75 % Cr in the ZnCrS materials causes a change in electronic bandgap nature. This change occurs due to Cr-induced defects and structural modifications, leading to new electronic transitions yielding novel optical features. The electronic and optical bandgap energy decreases with Cr content, depicting CrS as a semi-metallic material with significant light absorbance in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths accompanying the enhancement of the NLO response. It is noticed that a decrease in Εopt significantly impacted the NLO response, resulting in a significant change in the value of third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) from 5.862 × 10−11 to 2.074 × 10−9 esu. The NLO refractive index (n2) also follows the same changing trend, varying from 5.113 × 10−11 to 1.735 × 10−8 esu. This Cr-induced nonlinearity depicts strong polarizability and these materials can be significantly employed in near-infrared activated nanophotonic, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic devices.

Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric Double Triangular Quantum Dots Withinside the Presence of Magnetic Field

AbstractLinear and third‐order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes in symmetric and asymmetric double triangular quantum dots are examined theoretically. The dependence of these optical properties on the magnetic field is examined. After calculating energies and wave functions within the effective mass and parabolic band approaches, analytical expressions of linear and nonlinear optical properties are obtained using the compact density matrix approach and iterative method. Numerical calculations are presented for typical GaAs/AlGaAs material. The results show that the magnetic field causes different effects on the and transitions. Moreover, the calculated results also reveal that the resonance frequency and nonlinear contribution are different in symmetric and asymmetric structures. As a result, it is concluded that the magnetic field plays a vital and important role in the electronic and optical properties of the system and can be used to tune the inter‐subband transitions and change the corresponding optical sensitivities.

Electric field-induced modulation of electronic and optical properties in doped CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots embedded in an oxide matrix

This work presents a theoretical analysis of a CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots embedded in a dielectric oxide matrix under the influence of hydrogenic impurity and the applied electric field intensity. The eigenstates and their corresponding eigenfunctions are computed by solving the Schrodinger equation using the finite element method within the effective mass approximation. The first-order linear and third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients as well as the refractive index changes are computed based on the compact density matrix approach. The obtained result shows that the first-order linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties are more pronounced with the electric field, surrounding oxide matrix and the donor impurity effects. However, the first-order linear and third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes can experience a red or blue shift under the influence of electric field, oxide matrix and hydrogenic impurity. In addition, under all conditions, the height peaks of these optical properties can be raised (fall). Our findings demonstrate the critical importance of considering the roles of electric field, the presence of donor impurity, and the capped dielectric oxide matrix in the design and fabrication of core–shell-based optoelectronic devices.

The effect of hydrostatic pressure, temperature and impurity factor on linear and nonlinear optical properties of InxGa1-xAs tuned quantum dot with modified Gaussian potential under the action of a vertical magnetic field

This study presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the effects of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, impurity factors, and external electric fields on the optical properties of InxGa1-xAs tuned quantum dot. A uniform magnetic field, directed perpendicular to the quantum dot plane, is applied. The system is excited using a monochromatic electromagnetic field, considering electron intersubband transitions. Energy levels and wave functions are determined using the parabolic band approximation and effective mass approximation. The linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are computed using the compact-density matrix approach and the iterative method. Numerical results indicate that the peaks of the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes shift towards lower energies (red shift) and higher energies (blue shift) under varying hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and impurity factor strength. Additionally, the peak values of the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes increase or decrease based on these parameter variations. These results have significant implications for the design and optimization of quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices.

Composite nanofilms of graphene and nickel: Fabrication, cw linear and nonlinear optical properties

In this study, the preparation of graphene-nickel composite nanofilms and their linear and linear optical properties under cw regime were investigated. The films were fabricated on glass and c-Si substrates in two steps by electron beam evaporation. The surface morphology of the films showed distinctive features with smooth and rough regions related to the formation of pristine and wrinkled graphene. The complex permittivity functions of the films were calculated using Maxwell-Garnett Theory. The nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and refractive index were calculated based on the open and closed aperture z-scan measurements. Enhanced nonlinear optical properties compared to the pure nickel film were obtained. The enhancement is explained in terms of the participation of the graphene’s π-electrons in the d-band plasmonic oscillation.

Optical nonlinear refractive index study by Z-scan technique of GOQDS dispersed in an aqueous solution

Optical nonlinear refractive index study by Z-scan technique of GOQDS dispersed in an aqueous solution

Exploration of the optical characteristics in sol-gel synthesized europium-doped zinc oxide thin films for potential optoelectronic use: a comprehensive characterization approach

Abstract In this study, we present our findings on the spin coated pure Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays and Europium doped ZnO (Eu3+: ZnO) nanostructure thin films. These arrays were grown on soda lime (silica) coated glass substrate. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural and optical properties of the as-synthesized nanostructures. The characterization techniques included x-ray Diffraction, FESEM Analysis, Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and UV–vis Analysis. The XRD findings indicate the incorporation of Europium (Eu3+) into the ZnO crystalline lattice, potentially replacing Zn2+ ions. This doping with Europium (Eu3+) led to a reduction in crystalline size, as determined by Scherrer’s equation decreasing from 48 nm to 28 nm demonstrates a decrease in defects within the films. Raman Shift analysis revealed changes in the optical properties of films with inclusion of Europium in host matrix. Photoluminescence studies demonstrated a distinctive 5D0 to 7F2 transition arising from the Eu3+ ions, observed at approximately 612 nm. We have thoroughly examined the optical characteristics of both Europium-doped and pure ZnO thin films through a systematic study. The optical properties were assessed by analyzing the absorption spectra (220–600 nm) and transmission spectra within the wavelength range of 200 to 1200 nm. The film exhibited an impressive 80% transparency, particularly noteworthy for window layer application. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and all other associated parameters were found to be impacted by the doping of Europium. The refractive index dispersion relation has been explored using a single oscillator model. Furthermore, the non-linear optical susceptibility (χ 3) and non-linear refractive index were computed using semi-empirical relationships based on the linear optical parameters. The Europium (Eu3+) doping in ZnO led to an increase in the χ 3 value elevating it from 4.07 × 10–1° to 5.91 × 10–1° e.s.u. These findings suggest that Europium-doped ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be a promising platform for the development of efficient multispectral light-emitting diodes (LED’s) and optical devices.

Tailoring the optical performance of sprayed NiO nanostructured films through cobalt doping for optoelectronic device applications

The current study aims to tailor the structural and nonlinear/linear optical characteristics of NiO nanostructures for optoelectronic applications. The spray pyrolysis procedure was applied to synthesize Ni1-xCoxO nanostructured films (x; 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20). The functional groups and morphological investigation were performed by the FT-IR and SEM techniques. The structural and optical properties were investigated based on XRD and UV–vis measurements. The XRD investigations reveal that all samples have a cubic crystalline structure. The UV–vis analysis shows that the optical absorption of NiO nanostructures increased, and the energy bandgap decreased from 3.85 eV to 3.40 eV through cobalt doping. The Herve-Vandamme model was applied to investigate the linear refractive index for all samples. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of all samples has been investigated. A significant improvement was accomplished through cobalt doping in the linear refractive index, optical conductivity, dielectric constants, NLO susceptibility and NLO refractive index of NiO. The achieved results suggest that cobalt-doped NiO nanostructured films have potential applications in linear/nonlinear optical devices and data storage.

Exploration of doping-dependent structural, optical, and electrical properties of thermally evaporated CdSe thin films for improved photodetection performance

This paper is devoted to studying the influence of indium doping on the structure, morphology, and electrical properties of thermally deposited CdSe thin films as a powerful approach toward optimized photodetection performance. The variation of incorporated In-level modulated crystallographic and surface morphology as obtained from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. Besides, the optical properties of the prepared In:CdSe thin films were investigated spectrophotometrically in the UV-Vis-NIR regions. We have deeply evaluated not only the dispersion and absorption features but also the opto-(electronic) parameters of the prepared films. The spectral nonlinear optical refractive index, absorption coefficient, and susceptibility were estimated and analyzed. The tunability of the structural and optical properties is introduced in a systematic explainable manner in terms of the recorded elemental analysis using EDX. The dark conductivity measurements of the prepared films declared that doped CdSe film of 37.5 wt% indium achieved the highest electrical conductivity which coincident with all the structural and optical characterization findings. Furthermore, the fabricated In:CdSe films were integrated with p-type silicon for Au/In:CdSe/p-Si/Al heterojunction formation. The electrical and microelectronic parameters of the designed junctions have been assessed using the measured current-voltage relations. The charge carriers' conduction mechanism within the constructed junctions has been explained in detail. Eventually, the photodetection performance of the fabricated heterojunctions has been tested using the recorded (I-V) and (I-t) response curves. Evidently, 37.5 wt% In doping concentration in the CdSe structure achieved superior optical and electrical properties which have been reflected in its promising photodetection performance compared to not only the other pure and doped films in the present study but also other prior reports. Such a device achieved Jphoto, Rλ, EQE, D*, and tr/tf of about 34.4 mA/cm2, 3.43 A/W, 800%, 4.6 × 1010 Jones, and 3.06 ms/6.10 ms, respectively.

Synthesizing and exploring the structural and optical properties of PVA/PVP/PEG polymeric sheet upon doping with nano nickel oxide (NiO) for CUT-OFF filters

Developing novel composite polymeric materials with noteworthy characteristics is vital for crucial research and optical applications in numerous sectors. Using the solution casting method, the blend of the hydrophilic (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)), polymeric composites was evaluated as host carriers for important metal oxide particles of NiO at different concentrations (0.05,0.27,0.55,2.7,5.5,11.04 wt%). The semi-crystalline structural behavior of the produced polymeric sheets was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology and the mean grain size of the NiO nanoparticles were investigated through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as the presence of the O–H group on the PVA/PVP/PEG polymers was identified by the remarkable Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, the remarkable impacts of various NiO dopant ratios on the optical properties, transmittance, absorbance, absorption coefficient, and extinction coefficient, of the considered NiO: PVA/PVP/PEG composite sheets were examined. Pure PVA/PVP/PEG polymeric composites have transmittance spectra that are 91 % in the visible range, then drop to 0 % as raising the concentrations of NiO NPs. Additionally, the π-π transition of blend segments is revealed by the studied NiO-doped PVA/PVP/PEGsheets' absorption spectra, which peak at 350 nm. The direct/indirect bandgaps for the pure polymer are (5.40 and 4.98 eV), and they are reduced to (4.81 and 2.84 eV) with the weight of NiO increased, respectively. Based on the optical energy bandgaps (Eg) of the NiO: PVA/PVP/PEG thin composite sheets, seven different models were used to precisely quantify the nonlinear optical characteristics and linear refractive index (n). With the highest concentrations of NiO, the high-frequency dielectric values increased, and the static dielectric constant decreased. The prepared nanocomposites reduced the intensity of three different types of lasers at a wavelength (635 nm, 532 nm, and 450 nm) and the intensity of optical lampe at power 1036 W/m2. The outstanding findings strongly suggest that the proposed NiO: PVA/PVP/PEG thin composite sheets be designed for various optoelectronic, optical filters, and laser medical applications.

Frequency-dependent nonlinear optical response and refractive index investigation of lactone-derived thermochromic compounds

Nonlinear optical (NLO) switchable materials play a crucial role in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. The selection of an appropriate switching approach is vital in designing such materials to enhance their NLO response. Among various approaches, thermos-switching materials have shown a 4-fold increase in NLO response compared to other photo-switching materials. In this study, we computationally investigated the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of reversible lactone-based thermochromic compounds using the ωB97XD/6-311+G (d,p) level of theory. Molecular orbital studies are employed to analyze the electronic properties of the close and open isomers of these compounds, while time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analysis is utilized to evaluate their molecular absorption. Our findings reveal that the π-electronic conjugation-induced delocalization significantly influences the ON-OFF switchable nonlinear optical response of the lactone-based thermochromic compounds. Notably, among all compounds, the open isomer of lactone 2 exhibits the highest hyperpolarizability value (6596.69 au). Furthermore, we extended our analysis to investigate the frequency-dependent second and third-order hyperpolarizabilities. The most pronounced frequency-dependent NLO response is observed at 532 nm. Additionally, we calculated the refractive index of these thermochromic compounds to further assess their nonlinear optical response. The open isomer of lactone 1 demonstrates the highest refractive index value (3.99 × 10−14 cm2/W). Overall, our study highlights the excellent potential of reversible thermochromic compounds as NLO molecular thermos-switches for future applications.

Crystal structure, DFT study, Hirshfeld analysis and optical third order nonlinear properties of new 1-naphthylaminium hydrogen fumarate salt

This study reports the crystal structure and its supramolecular framework, quantum chemical calculations and nonlinear optical properties of 1-naphthylaminium hydrogen fumarate salt. The supramolecular self-assembly of fumarate anions and 1-naphthylaminium cation of the salt is primarily stabilized by N-H…O, O-H…O and C-H…O interactions. The construction of strong hydrogen bonds such as N-H…O and O-H…O produces two-dimensional corrugated sheet parallel to (010) plane, which resembles a supramolecular grid type architecture in the crystal structure. Two weak C-H…O interactions interlink the parallel (010) supramolecular sheet generating a three-dimensional molecular network. The molecular stability of the experimentally determined structure is theoretically optimized by DFT quantum chemical calculations using 6-31G(++) basis set. The relative molecular interaction-based charge distribution and the chemical reactivity of the titled salt were identified using electrostatic potential contouring and HOMO-LUMO maps. The crystal structure is subjected to Hirshfeld surface analysis to gain better understanding on the intermolecular interactions exhibited by the molecules. The optical nonlinearities of the titled salt are examined using Z-scan experimentation, the optical nonlinear refractive index and optical nonlinear absorption coefficient is estimated by closed and open aperture Z-scan methods. The observed nonlinear values are quite comparable to the conventional optical nonlinear values.

Synthesis, structural, spectral, thermal, and optical characterization of a new curcumin derivative: A promising material for NLO applications

A novel Curcumin derivative 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3,5-bis((E)-3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one (CDMBP) has been synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and Schotten-Baumann reaction methods. CDMBP single crystal was grown from acetone by slow evaporation method at ambient temperature. The crystal structure of the compound was derived by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction studies (SCXRD). The title compound CDMBP was crystallized in a triclinic crystal system with a P ͞1 space group. NMR spectral analysis reveals the different types of carbon and proton in the molecular structure of the title compound. The modes of vibrations of different chemical groups were identified using FT-Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectral analysis (FTIR). Utilizing the UV–Vis spectrum, the cutoff wavelength and linear optical constants such as the band gap, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The Photoluminescence spectrum (PL) has been studied and it shows a high-intensity peak at 504 nm and belongs to the green emission radiation region. Fluorescence profiling of the compound was done to get an outline of the emission features of the excited states with the emission decay mechanisms using Lifetime measurements. The third-order nonlinear optical property (NLO) of CDMBP was investigated in detail using a Z-scan technique with a He–Ne laser at 632.8 nm as a laser source. The nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3), absorption coefficient (β), and refractive index (n) were calculated using transmittance data. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was investigated from the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA).

Insights into the structural and optical features of plasma polymerized N, N, 3, 5 tetramethylaniline-2,6-diethylaniline thin films

A capacitively coupled AC (50 Hz) glow plasma has been used to produce plasma polymerized N, N, 3, 5 tetramethylaniline: 2,6-Diethylaniline composite thin films onto precleaned glass substrates at various monomer ratios. The FSEM studies revealed smooth, compact, flawless, and pinhole-free surfaces of the thin films. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the existence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the composite thin films. The broadband weak absorption peaks in the FTIR spectra indicated the structural modifications in the plasma polymer caused by the reorganization of two monomer molecules during the plasma polymerization process. The thickness of the composite film increased with rising N, N, 3, 5 tetramethylaniline percentage in the composition, which had an important effect on the optical properties while keeping the polymerization parameter the same for all the deposited films. Decreasing the proportion of N, N, 3, 5 tetramethylaniline monomer results in an increase in both direct and indirect optical band-gap values, from 2.84 to 2.94 eV and 1.74–1.87 eV, respectively. While the Urbach energy values decrease from 0.649 eV to 0.556 eV. From the optical absorbance curve, it was observed that with increasing N, N, 3, 5 tetramethylaniline monomer concentration, the absorbance increased and reached a maximum at this monomer concentration of 75%. We also measured the non-linear optical parameters-steepness parameter, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dissipation factor to understand the suitability of the composite thin films for advanced optoelectronic devices.

Thermal and optical characterization of a resistance-temperature detector based on platinum thin film: Design and fabrication

In this research, it is presented an easy-to-implement method, utilizing spin coating-sputtering technique, for the production of cost-effective resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) based on platinum (Pt). By employing physical patterning mask techniques such as lithography, the shape of RTDs can be readily customized to meet specific requirements. Furthermore, the developed Pt-based RTDs exhibit a higher sensitivity, with a temperature coefficient of resistance (α) approximately at 3.87 × 10−3 ◦C−1, compared to RTDs based on Au, Ag, and Cu. The sensitivity of these Pt-based RTDs is comparable to that of commercially available Pt-based sensors. Moreover, these RTDs demonstrate exceptional repeatability, maintaining consistent performance within a temperature range of up to 200 ◦C. According to interesting nonlinear optical findings, Pt-based RTD sensor showed the nonlinear optical responses in the 532 nm wavelength because of two photon absorption phenomena in nonlinear absorption coefficient (NLA) and self-focusing effect in addition to their excellent temperature sensing capabilities, the Pt-based RTDs exhibit notable nonlinear optical refractive index (NLR) and nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties. The NLR index of the RTDs is on the order of 10−8 cm2/W, while the NLA index is on the order of 10−3 cm/W. This implies that these RTDs possess significant nonlinear optical response characteristics. Moreover, the Pt-based RTDs demonstrate rapid response times to changes in temperature, making them suitable for applications in nonlinear optical equipment such as optoelectronics and photonics.

Synthesis of pyridine and furan based arylated ketones through palladium catalyst with DFT study of their static and frequency dependent NLO response

A series of pyridine and furan based ketones have been synthesized by Suzuki coupling of 2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl dichloride, furan-2-carbonyl chloride with various aryl boronic acids in existence of catalyst Pd(PPh3)4 and cesium carbonate in presence of toluene at 100 °C. The compounds were synthesized in good to high yields. Various functional moities were well tolerated under developed conditions of reaction. DFT studies are used to illustrate insight of geometrical, electronic, reactivity descriptor parameters optical & nonlinear optical properties and nonlinear refractive index of all synthesized compounds (3a-3g and 4a-4h). 3c is kinetically less stable and moderately reactive among all these compounds. A highest βo (1576.39 au) and nonlinear refractive index values are obtained for compound 3a where the strong electron withdrawing group (chloro-acyl group) is present at ortho position of the pyridine ring. According to the push pull mechanism, electronic displacement between electron donating and withdrawing groups through extended conjugation is responsible for change in nonlinear optical properties of the compound. Computational studies provide detail information about the synthesized compounds and their applicability in the field of organic reactivity, electronics, and optoelectronics for future work.

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of GaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs V-shaped quantum wells affected by intense laser fields

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of GaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs V-shaped quantum wells affected by intense laser fields

Influence of Eu3+ dopant on the third order nonlinear optical properties of PbO/PMMA nanocomposites

ABSTRACT PbO/PMMA, 3 and 6 mol% ion-doped PbO/PMMA nanocomposites were synthesised using an easy chemical precipitation method. For all of the nanocomposites, the XRD pattern confirms the orthorhombic structure of PbO. The morphology of PbO nanoparticles in PMMA is revealed by the SEM graph. The formation of nanocomposites containing Eu3+ doped PbO nanoparticles in PMMA is confirmed by FTIR. When Eu3+ doped PbO nanoparticles in PMMA are compared to bulk PbO, UV–Vis optical absorption findings demonstrate a blue shift on the absorption band. The optical band gap energy decreases with increasing Eu3+ dopant concentration and is related to red-shifted phenomena. The PL spectra reveal an emission peak associated with blue emission caused by a synthesis defect. For 6 mol% Eu3+ ion doped PbO/PMMA nanocomposites, third-order nonlinear optical parameters such as nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)), nonlinear optical refractive index (n2), and nonlinear optical absorption coefficient (β) are determined by Z-scan technique, and the values are found to be 4.468 × 10−6 esu, 1.257 × 10−7cm2/W, and 9.837 × 10−3 cm/W, respectively. The strong nonlinearity in the current Eu3+ ion-doped PbO/PMMA nanocomposites empowers its promising applications in third-order nonlinear optical devices.