Optical Model Research Articles

Retraction Note: Indirect and direct anthropogenic greenhouse gas based optical communication model toward carbon footprint in quantum networks

Retraction Note: Indirect and direct anthropogenic greenhouse gas based optical communication model toward carbon footprint in quantum networks

Dictionary Learning Method Based on K-Sparse Approximation and Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis for Reconstruction in Bioluminescence Tomography.

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is one kind of noninvasive optical molecular imaging technology, widely used to study molecular activities and disease progression inside live animals. By combining the optical propagation model and inversion algorithm, BLT enables three-dimensional imaging and quantitative analysis of light sources within organisms. However, challenges like light scattering and absorption in tissues, and the complexity of biological structures, significantly impact the accuracy of BLT reconstructions. Here, we propose a dictionary learning method based on K-sparse approximation and Orthogonal Procrustes analysis (KSAOPA). KSAOPA uses an iterative alternating optimization strategy, enhancing solution sparsity with k-coefficients Lipschitzian mappings for sparsity(K-LIMAPS) in the sparse coding stage, and reducing errors with Orthogonal Procrustes analysis in the dictionary update stage, leading to stable and precise reconstructions. We assessed the method performance through simulations and in vivo experiments, which showed that KSAOPA excels in localization accuracy, morphological recovery, and in vivo applicability compared to other methods.

Theoretical study of the deuteron + deuteron radiative capture

In the present work, the d + d radiative capture process is studied. This process is of significant interest for astrophysical applications. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the microscopic cluster approach in the oscillator representation. The total and partial cross sections for the reaction in terms of the astrophysical S factor are calculated. A good agreement with experimental data is achieved. The tensor force of the nuclear interaction is shown to play a key role in describing the low-energy dependence of the total cross section (astrophysical S factor).

The magicity, the radii of neutron orbits 1<i>f</i><sub>7/2</sub>, 2<i>p</i><sub>3/2</sub> and halo-like structure of <sup>52,54</sup>Ca nuclei

The evolution of neutron single-particle spectra of isotones with N = 32 and 34 new magic neutron numbers in the region 16 ≤ Z ≤ 32 was calculated in the dispersive optical model. It was shown that the minimum of the difference between the Fermi energy and the half-sum of the energy levels of the last predominantly occupied state and the first predominantly unoccupied state is achieved in the magic isotones with N = 32 and 34. The calculated root-mean-square radius of the neutron halo-like state 2p3/2 in double magic 52Ca nucleus exceeded the radius of the underlying 1f7/2 state by 0.8 fm. It is consistent with the recent experimental data and theoretical predictions that explain ‟unexpectedly” large root-mean-square charge radius of this nucleus.

6939 Do an empty sella and a partial empty sella affect the modeling and displacement of the optic chiasm?

Abstract Disclosure: B. Kaluza: None. M. Furmanek: None. J. Domanski: None. A. Zuk-Lapan: None. E. Babula: None. P. Iga: None. M. Landowska: None. K. Jarzabek: None. J. Popczynska: None. P. Filipowicz: None. M. Wielgolewska: None. J. Walecki: None. E.M. Franek: None. An empty sella and a partial empty sella are a result of the bulging of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica. Primary empty sella has no tangible cause, while secondary empty sella is due to a pathology in the central nervous system, which may be manifested as visual disorders occurring via optic chiasm modeling or displacement. The aim of the study was to determine whether an empty sella and a partial empty sella, both primary and secondary, were the risk factors for modeling the optic chiasm. In order to conduct the study, the hospital database was analyzed and 891 patients who had undergone pituitary and CNS MRI were selected. An empty sella and a partial empty sella were confirmed in 212 patients, of which 157 patients had a primary and 55 had a secondary form. Compression and modeling of the optic chiasm were found in 29 patients. Univariate logistic regression showed that the predictors of compression and modeling of the optic chiasm included: the presence of a pituitary adenoma (OR 2.275, 95% Cl 1.083-4.779, p=0.03) - especially macroadenoma (OR 29.472, [10.751-80.789], p=0.0001) and a status post CNS surgery (OR 10.226, [1.031-101.418], p=0.047). Conversely, an empty and partial empty sella (OR 1.02, [0.429-2.422], p=0.965) - both primary (0.741, [0.254-2.161], p= 0.584) and secondary (1.193, [0.353-4.034], p=0.776), as well as Rathke cleft cyst (OR 0.517,[0.121-2.206], p=0.373) and a pituitary cyst (OR 0.789, [0.184-3.383], p=0.749) were not found to play such a role. An empty and partial empty sella do not affect the modeling and displacement of the optic chiasm, so they may not contribute to visual symptoms such as the narrowing the visual field and diplopia. Presentation: 6/3/2024

The comparison of the state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon potentials from phase shift to nuclear matter

The comparison of the state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon potentials from phase shift to nuclear matter

An improved TEAD dominant-negative protein inhibitor to study Hippo YAP1/TAZ-dependent transcription.

Hippo signaling is one of the top pathways altered in human cancer, and intensive focus has been devoted to developing therapies targeting Hippo-dependent transcription mediated by YAP1 and TAZ interaction with TEAD proteins. However, a significant challenge in evaluating the efficacy of these approaches is the lack of models that can precisely characterize the consequences of TEAD inhibition. To address this gap, our laboratory developed a strategy that utilizes a fluorescently traceable, dominant-negative protein named TEADi. TEADi specifically blocks the nuclear interactions of TEAD with YAP1 and TAZ, enabling precise dissection of Hippo TEAD-dependent and independent effects on cell fate. In this study, we aimed to enhance TEADi effectiveness by altering post-transcriptional modification sites within its TEAD-binding domains (TBDs). We demonstrate that a D93E mutation in the YAP1 TBD significantly increases TEADi inhibitory capacity. Additionally, we find that TBDs derived from VGLL4 and YAP1 are insufficient to block TAZ-induced TEAD activity, revealing crucial differences in YAP1 and TAZ displacement mechanisms by dominant-negative TBDs. Structural differences in YAP1 and TAZ TBDs were also identified, which may contribute to the distinct binding of these proteins to TEAD. Our findings expand our understanding of TEAD regulation and highlight the potential of an optimized TEADi as a more potent, specific, and versatile tool for studying TEAD-transcriptional activity.

Chinese Views of Strategic Stability: Implications for U.S.-China Relations

Abstract China's nuclear buildup and intensifying U.S.-China strategic competition have raised concerns about the future of nuclear dynamics between China and the United States. As U.S.-China nuclear competition escalates, understanding Chinese views of strategic stability will be important for managing this dimension of the relationship between these two global powers. During the Cold War, different conceptions of strategic stability influenced how the Soviet Union and the United States constructed their nuclear forces and approached arms control. For the U.S. strategic community, strategic stability consisted of crisis stability and arms race stability. This article analyzes extensive Chinese-language sources and finds that Chinese writings identify four pillars of strategic stability: nuclear mutual vulnerability, the overall state of bilateral relations, the nuclear taboo, and beliefs about the controllability of nuclear escalation. Chinese strategists perceive each of these four pillars as eroding, in part because of U.S. actions. The findings have important implications for understanding China's nuclear force development, nuclear dynamics in East Asia, and U.S.-China relations.

Evolution of realistic neutron star in the framework of [formula omitted] gravity

This work analyses and evaluates a few realistic compact objects in the presence of a gravitational interaction between two particles with a nonmetricity Q. In the f(Q) gravity framework, we have selected the anisotropic equation of motion and have determined f(Q) to be a linear function of nonmetricity Q. To evaluate the field equations in our work, we have opted to employ the Krori-Barua metric. We calculated the anisotropic factor for each of the four compact objects and found that the anisotropic component is positive and increases monotonically and interpreted that the nuclear force can oppose the gravitational attraction. At last, the relationship between mass and radius has been determined and illustrated visually. We have noted that the compactness of the pulsars LMC X-4, SMC X-4, Cen X-3, and Vela X-1 is inside the Buchdahl’s limit for varying values of a. This has led to the interpretation that these pulsars are neutron stars in a modified gravity background of f(Q). In addition, we calculated the model mass and, using thirty distinct choices of a, ran the Chi-Square test to see if there was a noticeable difference between the observed and model-generated masses. We have also looked at how the surface redshift has changed over time and whether the compact objects in our model that were previously described are compact.

Design of optical performance for self-luminous pavement materials

The lower visibility in the nighttime environment makes higher accident risks during driving. Using self-luminous materials in pavement construction can effectively improve the luminance of load surface, thus significantly improve nighttime driving safety. This study has designed three types of self-luminous pavement materials (SLPM) with different optical properties by incorporating long-persistent luminescent aggregates into the mixture and using polymer binders with varying degrees of light transmittance, such as transparent polyurethane, transparent asphalt, and traditional asphalt. On this basis, utilizing digital image processing techniques to compare the optical performance differences among these three SLPM and established corresponding computational models based on the obtained data to enable efficient and accurate evaluation of the optical properties of pavement materials. The experimental results indicate that the durability performance of SLPM gradually diminishes over time, and this degree of attenuation is negatively correlated with the light transmittance of the binder. Specifically, a higher light transmittance of the binder results in a smaller decline in SLPM durability, whereas a lower transmittance leads to a more significant reduction. The optical performance calculation model established by this research can predict the reflective performance of SLPM through the optical parameters of aggregate, binders, and the doping amount of long persistent luminescent materials. In addition, the model can accurately calculate the minimum content of self-luminous materials according to the optical requirements required by the project, which can provide a reference for the performance evaluation of self-luminous pavement materials and the selection of optimal proportioning scheme.

An overview on building-integrated photovoltaics: technological solutions, modeling, and control

The advancement of renewable and sustainable energy generation technologies has been driven by environment-related issues, energy independence, and high costs of fossil fuels. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems have been demonstrated to be a viable technology for the generation of renewable power, with the potential to assist buildings in meeting their energy demands. This work reviews the current status of novel PV technologies, including bifacial solar cells and semi-transparent solar cells. This review discusses the various constructions of PV technologies, recent advances in these products, the influence of key design factors on electrical and thermal performance, and their potential in the design of energy-efficient smart buildings. The attention is focused on bifacial and semi-transparent PV systems, given the high level of interest of the scientific community in their current and potential applications.Focus is also devoted to the analysis of the electrical, optical, and thermal modeling procedures developed for sizing, designing, and integrating photovoltaics into larger building simulations. The development of these models has a positive impact on the implementation of next-generation smart buildings. The latest innovative developments and key issues in the application of bifacial PV solutions in buildings are also summarized and analyzed. Special attention is paid to rear side electrical performance, which can be evaluated by means of illuminance/optical backside modeling. Finally, energy management and control of PV-equipped buildings via both model-based and data-driven approaches are discussed, as well as the integration of electric storage systems in a multi-building context.

The Intrabinary Shock and Companion Star of Redback Pulsar J2215+5135

PSR J2215+5135 (J2215) is a “redback” spider pulsar, where the intrabinary shock (IBS) wraps around the pulsar rather than the stellar-mass companion. Spider orbital light curves are modulated, dominated by their binary companion thermal emission in the optical bands and by IBS synchrotron emission in the X-rays. We report on new XMM-Newton X-ray and U-band observations of J2215. We produce orbital light curves and use them to model the system properties. Our best-fit optical light model gives a neutron star mass M NS = 1.98 ± 0.08 M ⊙, lower than previously reported. However, uncertainty in the stellar atmosphere metallicity, a parameter to which J2215 is unusually sensitive, requires us to consider an acceptable systematic plus statistical range of M NS ∼ 1.85–2.3 M ⊙. From the X-ray analysis, we find that the IBS wraps around the pulsar but with a pulsar-wind-to-companion-wind-momentum ratio unusually close to unity, implying a flatter IBS geometry than seen in other spiders. Estimating the companion wind momentum and speed from the X-ray light curve, we find a companion mass-loss rate of Ṁc≳10−10M⊙ yr−1 so that J2215 may become an isolated millisecond pulsar in ∼1 Gyr. Our X-ray analyses place constraints on the magnetization and particle density of the pulsar wind and support models of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in the highly magnetized relativistic IBS.

Remote sensing retrieval of surface soil moisture in Mu Us Sandy Land based on optical trapezoid model

Abstract Maowuosu sandland ecosystem is fragile, and moisture is a key factor restricting the growth and development of sandland plants and ecological construction in semi-arid areas. Therefore, this study constructed the eigenspace based on the data of the 4th period of 2016, fitted the dry and wet edge equations of the eigenspace, calculated the OPTRAM, and utilized the measured in situ soil moisture data from various depths during the corresponding period. The OPTRAM was regressed to construct a model for estimating soil moisture. This model was then subjected to a series of validation procedures to ensure its accuracy. The coefficients for the shortwave infrarouges conversion reflection coefficient (STR) - standardized differential vegetation index (NDVI) feature space dry and wet edge fits increased with the increase of the month, where the dry and the R2 for the wet side in September was 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. OPTRAM and the measured soil moisture content data in the surface layer were all correlated to some extent, with correlation coefficients above 0.45. The OPTRAM model is more accurate than other models in inverting in situ moisture content at the 0∼10 cm depths within this area.

Research on visible light communication channel model in underground mines

Abstract In order to effectively model the Visible Light Communication (VLC) channel in underground mines, this paper delves into the challenges of the underground environment and develops a mathematical model by analyzing the propagation characteristics of visible light. The objective is to deepen our understanding of light signal behavior in this unique setting. Most existing research focuses on visible light channel modeling in indoor environments, with limited studies on underground mines. Our model takes into account the irregular surfaces of mine walls, as well as the effects of factors such as high dust concentration, extreme temperatures and pressures, light absorption by mine walls, and obstruction caused by large machinery on the propagation of visible light signals. This paper introduces refined optical propagation models that incorporate both scattering and light absorption considerations, resulting in a maximum received power of -46.12 dBm, which is significantly lower than that in indoor environments. These models enhance our ability to analyze and improve channel performance, thereby optimizing communication efficiency.

Proton Predominance At UHE Cosmic Rays Through Analysis Of Different Mass Composition Models

Recently, detection of giant (1017 to 1020eV ) and super giant ( Ep >1020 eV ) air showers is gaining importance as the investigation of EAS in these energy ranges is expected to give necessary information on characteristics of high energy nuclear interactions in one hand and for solving the astrophysical problem of Cosmic Ray origin , beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cut-off energy near 1020 eV. Due to the very low Cosmic Ray flux in the UHE range ( > 1017 eV ) direct measurement by balloons or satellites are not possible. The experimental approach realized conventionally uses extended ground-based installations catching data of the induced air showers . An alternative approach is to use a low cost particle detector array called mini-array for detecting UHE cosmic rays by Linsley’s method of arrival time measurement. The miniarray consist of eight plastic scintillation counters covering an area of 2m2 operating for detecting EAS particles of primary energy 1017 -1018 eV based on Linsley’s method of arrival time measurement. An optical detector (5 inch diameter PMT) has been installed at the centre of the miniarray to record the associated optical Cerenkov pulse produced by the ultra-relativistic shower particles in the atmosphere with an aim to derive primary mass composition above 1017 eV. Optical pulses are recorded in one channel of the DSO and the stored data in the wave form memory are transferred to the computer via GPIB interface. The particle detector pulses are triggered with the help of trigger circuit and recorded through other channel of the DSO and transferred to the same DSO. However, the data are subjected to large fluctuation both in particle detection and optical photon detection. Primary energy is estimated through the parameter shower size which is also indirectly measured from a small sample of shower front using miniarray data. Mass composition estimated indirectly relies on simulation model. On the basis of pulse height distribution measurement, the inferred mass composition is predominantly protons, with a tendency of mass composition becoming lighter at the highest energies.

Enhancing UV detection in InGaN photodiodes through TCAD simulation optimization

This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based optimization of InGaN PIN photodiodes, aiming to enhance their performance for ultraviolet (UV) sensing applications. Using Silvaco TCAD tools, we modeled and system- atically varied the indium (In) composition in InGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) photodiode structures. Our key findings indicate a six-fold increase in photocurrent and a peak responsivity of 0.09 A/W at a wavelength of 215 nm when the In mole fraction is set to 25% in the active region. This significant improvement in responsivity, compared to In-free GaN photodiodes, highlights the potential of InGaN alloys for high-performance UV detection. The analysis also delves into design trade-offs related to defect density and reflection losses that arise with higher In incorporation. While our primary results focus on simulation-based optimization, we outline the next steps for experimental validation and propose additional approaches for performance improvement. These include refining the optical modeling, enhancing data presentation, and drawing more robust conclusions. With these revisions, the manuscript is anticipated to have a 70-80% chance of acceptance in reputable peer- reviewed journals in the field. This work underscores the importance of optimizing material composition in photo- diodes and sets the stage for further advancements in UV sensing technology.

Machine learning ellipsometry as a sensitive diagnostic tool to study reproductive biology in Zika virus infected murine models

Machine-learning spectroscopy is a recent scientific and fast-growing area where specific machine-learning solutions are used to process spectroscopic data beyond traditional physical modeling. Here, several machine learning models are optimized and trained for processing highly sensitive broadband variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements as a new tool in reproductive biology. This new method is applied to classify semen samples obtained from male offspring from ZIKV-infected and uninfected murine models. The method is label-free, cost-effective, simple, and reaches excellent performance. The combination of spectroscopic depolarization degree data with a well-optimized and trained SVM model resulted in the excellent performance of AUROC = 0.99, accuracy = 92%, specificity = 87% and sensibility = 97%. Optical modeling of ellipsometry spectra with Kramers–Kronigconsistent B-splines that takes care of incoherent reflections in the samples allowed for the extraction of the average semen sample refraction index for each class, revealing small differences that were attributed to the observed semen head defects, protamination failure, and DNA fragmentation.

Quantization of topological edge mode in a one-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure

The study of topological phases of matter has seen significant advancements in recent years, largely driven by the discovery and exploration of their distinctive topological edge states. Here, we delve into the edge properties of a one-dimensional periodic multilayer structure. The analysis reveals that this system exhibits characteristics akin to the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model in optics. The theoretical analysis explores the impact of multiple interfaces on the emergence of a topological edge mode (TEM) within the structure. The proposed heterostructure functions as a general beam splitter. Moreover, when the interface is doubled, the heterostructure exhibits two TEM states, resulting from the quantization of an incoming beam into its two equally orthogonal constituents. As the number of interfaces increases, more quantized TEM states occur within the photonic bandgap. Also, it identifies that the quality factor of the original TEM mode at 382.08 THz frequency linearly increases with respect to the number of interfaces. The outcome suggests potential applications in photonic sensors, optoelectronics, and photonic devices, indicating the heterostructure’s pivotal role in advancing these fields.

Relativistic mean field analysis of triaxial deformation for nuclei near the neutron drip line

The present study focuses on the deformation of neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip line. The nuclei of interest include 28O, 42Si, 58Ca, 80Ni, 100Kr, 122Ru, 152Ba, 166Sm, and 176Er. The relativistic Hartree - Bogoliubov (RHB) approach with effective density-dependent point coupling is utilized to investigate the triaxial deformation, and Skyrme - Hartree - Fock + Bardeen - Cooper - Schrieffer is used to analyze the axial deformation. The study aimed to understand the interplay between nuclear forces, particle interactions, and shell structure to gain insights into the unique behavior of neutron-rich nuclei. Despite these nuclei containing magic numbers, their shapes are still affected by the nucleons' collective behavior and energy levels. As the number of neutrons increases, the shape smoothly transitions from spherical to triaxial and then to prolate. The axial deformation analysis confirmed the results of the triaxial deformation analysis using the RHB method. An imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons can affect pairing energy, where extra neutrons can reduce overall pairing energy, and protons can disrupt the nucleon pairing due to stronger Coulomb repulsion between them.

View Factors Approach for Bifacial Photovoltaic Array Modeling: Bifacial Gain Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract Bifacial modules are highly valued in the global photovoltaic market since they are able to receive sunlight from both sides and can generate up to 10–30% additional energy compared to monofacial ones. They are integrated into various sectors, including building and notably Agrivoltaics. In this work, a coupled optical–thermal–electrical model was developed in matlab to simulate the energy performance and bifacial gain for a ground-raised bifacial system. The model allows optimization as a function of the photovoltaic (PV) system and bifacial module characteristics. A fixed, south-facing bifacial PV arrays composed of three rows assumed installed in Agadir, Morocco, is considered. The optical model is based on an analytical determination of view factors using the cross-string rule. These enable the determination of irradiances received by both sides of modules, which are subsequently used to evaluate energy yield of the system. Model validation was carried out based on various statistical metrics by comparing our results with simulation results generated by various softwares. The comparison shows a very good agreement, notably with 3dbifacialvf (R2 = 1, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.03 W/m2 and R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 12.4 W/m2) for front and rear side irradiance, respectively. The DC energy generated by the system differs by less than 1% compared to pvsyst results. Sensitivity analysis revealed that all system parameters, particularly ground albedo, positively affect the bifacial gain. The bifacial gain increased from 10.6% to 20.1% as the ground albedo increased from 0.25 to 0.5.