Optical Coherence Topography Research Articles

Examining the choroid in ocular inflammation: a focus on enhanced depth imaging.

The choroid is the vascular layer that supplies the outer retina and is involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular conditions including choroidal tumors, age related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. Nevertheless, difficulties in the visualization of the choroid have limited our understanding of its exact role in ocular pathology. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherent topography (EDI-OCT) is a novel, noninvasive technique that is used to evaluate choroidal thickness and morphology in these diseases. The technique provides detailed objective in vivo visualization of the choroid and can be used to characterize posterior segment inflammatory disorders, monitor disease activity, and evaluate efficacy of treatment. In this review we summarize the current application of this technique in ocular inflammatory disorders and highlight its utility as an additional tool in monitoring choroidal involvement in ocular inflammation.

Behavior of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide among egyptians.

PurposeTo evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsThe study design is a prospective, interventional, two-arm, dose–response study. Nineteen patients with bilateral DME were included, one eye for every patient underwent intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide (group A, 19 eyes), and the other eye of the same patient underwent intravitreal injection of 8 mg triamcinolone acetonide (group B, 19 eyes); the selection as to which eye was to receive either dose was random. The patients were followed up for 6 months after injection; complete ophthalmological examination and optical coherent topography were done.ResultsIntravitreal triamcinolone acetonide was effective in reduction of DME in group A in the first 3 months only, while in group B with high dose (8 mg) the improvement continued for 6 months after injection. Significant IOP rise was observed in both groups with an incidence of 68.1% and 73.7% in groups A and B, respectively. IOP-lowering drugs were used to control IOP; however, one patient in each group needed glaucoma filtration surgery in both eyes after intractable glaucoma with failure of medical treatment.ConclusionAlthough intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is very effective in managing DME and with lower cost than other modalities, the rise in IOP and the burden of glaucoma are major concerns. High corticosteroid responder is an individualized reaction irrespective of the intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide dose used.

The Pupil Light Reflex in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Evidence for Preservation of Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells

To investigate the pupillary light reflex (PLR) of patients with severe loss of vision due to Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) in the context of a proposed preservation of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs). Ten LHON patients (7 males; 51.6 ± 14.1 years), with visual acuities ranging from 20/400 to hand motion perception and severe visual field losses, were tested and compared with 16 healthy subjects (7 males; 42.15 ± 15.4 years) tested as controls. PLR was measured with an eye tracker and the stimuli were controlled with a Ganzfeld system. Pupil responses were measured monocularly, to 1 second of blue (470 nm) and red (640 nm) flashes with 1, 10, 100, and 250 cd/m² luminances. The normalized amplitude of peak of the transient PLR and the amplitude of the sustained PLR at 6 seconds after the flash offset were measured. In addition, optical coherence topography (OCT) scans of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer were obtained. The patient's peak PLR responses were on average 15% smaller than controls (P < 0.05), but 5 out of 10 patients had amplitudes within the range of controls. The patients' sustained PLRs were comparable with controls at lower flash intensities, but on average, 27% smaller to the 250 cd/m² blue light, although there was considerable overlap with the PLR amplitudes of control. All patients had severe visual field losses and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was reduced to a minimum around the optic disc in 8 of the 10 patients. The PLR is maintained overall in LHON patients despite the severity of optic atrophy. These results are consistent with previous evidence of selective preservation of mRGCs.

Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab for controlling progression of diabetic macular edema with cataract surgery

Purpose To evaluate the effect of an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab for the management and control of diabetic macular edema (DME) with phacoemulsification. Patients and methods The study population included patients with diffuse DME associated with cataract. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined and recorded in log MAR and then preoperative assessment by fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence topography (OCT) was carried out and recorded. The patients were divided into two groups. For the first group, both phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab were performed, group A, and for the second group, both phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab were performed, group B. Four weeks postoperatively, BCVA in log MAR for each patient in each group was determined and recorded; postoperative fundus fluorescein angiography and assessment of the macular thickness with OCT were performed and recorded. Results This study included 30 eyes, 15 in each group; on the basis of the results, in group A, there was an improvement in macular edema and reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) postoperatively as the mean CMT preoperatively was 397.22±45.43 and improved postoperatively to 328.61±21.64. Also, BCVA improved from 0.96±0.11 to 0.49±0.2. In group B, there was an improvement in macular edema and a decrease in CMT postoperatively as the mean preoperative CMT was 401.8±74.54 and decreased postoperatively to 379.08±78.6; also, BCVA improved from 0.95±0.34 to 0.7±0.1. Conclusion From this study, we concluded that OCT should be performed for all diabetic patients who will undergo cataract surgery preoperatively to assess macular thickness and diagnose the presence of DME; also, both ranibizumab and bevacizumab play an important role in controlling DME with cataract surgery, with higher efficacy for ranibizumab than bevacizumab.

Traumatic Visual Loss and a Limitation of Point-of-Care Ocular ultrasound: A Case Report

Incorporation of point-of-care ultrasound into the skill set of Special Operations medical providers should come with an appreciation of the potential limitations of the technology. We present a case of a U.S. Army Special Forces Soldier who suffered traumatic monocular vision loss after being struck in the eye during a combatives tournament. Evaluation in the emergency department (ED) included an unremarkable ocular ultrasound, despite a high clinical suspicion of intraocular pathology. Ophthalmologic consultation was obtained emergently. Optical coherence topography and a dilated fundoscopic examination were performed, which revealed a small subretinal hemorrhage. We will review the history of ocular ultrasound and its sensitivity to detect intraocular pathology. We will also emphasize the need to obtain specialty consultation when the clinical suspicion for intraocular pathology is high despite a negative ocular ultrasound.

Measurement of the retinal fovea and nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral myopic anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence topography

Background Both functional and morphological changes in amblyopic development are known to occur at various levels in the central visual pathway.However,whether the retina is involved or not during amblyopic progression remains controversial.Objective This study was designed to compare the thicknesses of the fovea and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of the normal fellow eye of amblyopic eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in children with myopic anisometropia.Methods Twenty-two patients with unilateral myopic anisometropic amblyopia were included as the anisometropia amblyopia group.Ten unilateral myopic anisometropic amblyopia subjects received treatment and recovered were used as the amblyopic cure group,and 11 individuals with simple myopic anisometropia without amblyopia were enrolled as the control group.OCT was performed on both eyes of all the subjects with informed consent.Fovea retinal thickness and RNFL thickness from the superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants in the peripapillary region were evaluated.The measurement parameters were bilaterally compared in all the individuals by paired t test.The multiple regression model was used to analyze the correlation of retinal thickness with amblyopia patients.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of this hospital.Written informed consent was obtain from each subject prior to the eye examination.Results Fovea retinal thickness increased in the amblyopic eyes compared with the fellow eyes,showing a statistically significant difference between them (P =0.001).However,no significant differences were found in the fovea retinal thickness between both eyes in the amblyopic cure group and simple myopic anisometropia without amblyopia group (P =0.778,0.943).Among the anisometropia amblyopia group,amblyopia cure group and simple myopic anisometropia without amblyopia group,the RNFL thicknesses of the temporal quadrant was significantly thicker in the higher myopic lateral eyes than those of the fellow eyes (P＜0.001,P =0.003,P =0.046).However,the differences in the superior,inferior,nasal and the average RNFL thickness were not statistically significant between the two eyes (P＞0.05).A negative correlation was found between the inferior retinal thickness with age (r=-0.559,P=0.016).Conclusions The fovea may be affected in unilateral myopic anisometropic amblyopia.There is no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between simple myopic eye and unilateral myopic anisometropia amblyopic eye.Improvement in amblyopia is coming along with the reduction of the thickness of the fovea. Key words: Refractive error/myopia; Anisometropia; Amblyopia; Optical coherence tomography; Foveal thickness; Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness

Singapore Malay Eye Study: rationale and methodology of 6‐year follow‐up study (SiMES‐2)

To describe the rationale and study design of a follow-up epidemiological eye study among Singaporean Malay adults. Follow-up prospective population-based study. Participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES-1), which was conducted from August 2004 to June 2006. This is a follow-up study of the 3280 participants who participated in the SiMES-1 and are residing in Singapore. All participants of this follow-up study will undergo various standardized validated questionnaires on socio-demographics, quality of life and impact of visual impairment. Participants will undergo assessment of blood pressure, anthropometry, presenting and best corrected visual acuity, subjective refraction, ocular biometry, slit lamp and dilated eye examination, Goldmann tonometry, optic disc imaging, digital lens and retinal photography. Retinal tomography, retinal optical coherence topography and fundus autofluorescence will also be performed. Gonioscopy and visual fields examination will be performed on selected individuals. Incidence, risk factors and impact of visual impairment and major eye diseases. A total of 3280 people who participated in the SiMES-1 will be contacted and invited to participate in this follow-up study. It is estimated that 12.8% of the participants will be deceased and there will be an 80% participation rate for the survivors of SiMES-1 (approximately 2288 participants). SiMES-2 will be one of the few follow-up epidemiological eye studies among Asians and will determine the cumulative 6-year incidence, progression, risk factors and impact of major eye diseases in Singaporean Malay adults.

Bilateral exudative retinal detachment as a presenting sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can present with various ocular complications but exudative retinal detachment is a rare complication. A 36-year-old healthy young adult male presented with gradual decrease in the vision in both eyes over nearly 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuities were 20/50 and 20/25 at distance and N12 and N10 at near in the right and left eyes, respectively. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence topography indicated bilateral exudative retinal detachment. Systemic workup revealed a marked increase in the number of white blood cells with 30% blast cells and immunophenotyping revealed common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA) positive precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap was negative. The patient started systemic chemotherapy and steroids. Bilateral exudative retinal detachment may be a presenting sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemiaALL in an otherwise healthy young adult. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of leukemia in such patients. A simple blood investigation such as complete blood profile confirms the diagnosis.

Profile of ranibizumab: efficacy and safety for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe vision loss due to the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The critical role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathogenesis of CNV is well understood. Ranibizumab plays an inhibitory role with CNV and reduces vascular permeability by binding to vascular endothelial growth factor. Intravitreal ranibizumab reduces the risk of visual acuity (VA) loss and increases the chance of VA gain compared with no treatment or photodynamic therapy for CNV in AMD. Some high-quality research has shown that the optimal timing for ranibizumab treating wet AMD is the first 3 months. It is recommended that ranibizumab is intravitreally injected monthly in the initiation for at least 3 months. Subsequent managing of regimens should be made dependent on the VA change, fundus examination, and image of optical coherence topography. An individualized strategy or combined method with photodynamic therapy is beneficial to the active lesion in the consecutive treatment of ranibizumab for CNV, and may be a good choice in order to decrease injection times. Regarding the safety profile, ranibizumab has been well tolerated in clinical trials. The principal ocular adverse event detected in clinical trials is a low frequency of ocular inflammation. Key serious ocular adverse events occurred in <5% of ranibizumab-treated patients in large-scale clinical trials. It appears unlikely that treatment with ranibizumab increases the risk of vascular events significantly. Less frequent injections on an as-needed schedule, based on monthly monitoring may have the most optimal risk:benefit ratio.

Pain and accuracy of focal laser treatment for diabetic macular edema using a retinal navigated laser (Navilas&amp;reg;)

AimTo investigate treatment-related pain and the accuracy of navigated laser photocoagulation in the treatment of clinically significant macular edema.MethodsFocal laser treatment of diabetic macular edema in 54 consecutive patients was digitally planned on fundus images and performed using the navigated laser photocoagulation system Navilas® (OD-OS GmbH, Teltow, Germany). Treatment-related pain was quantified on a visual analog scale directly after treatment and compared with a matched control group who received conventional laser treatment (n = 46). In addition, for Navilas-treated patients, the accuracy of spot placement on color images was analyzed 1 month after treatment.ResultsIn total, 5423 laser spots (mean 100 per eye) were analyzed. With navigated treatment, 90% of laser spots were visible on color images, of which 96% were within 100 μm from the target. Eighty percent of the laser spots were placed and visible within the 100 μm target on an intention-to-treat basis for color imaging. Optical coherence topography confirmed that laser effects were limited to the outer retina. Treatment-related pain following navigated laser photocoagulation was significantly lower than that of conventional laser treatment (1.6 vs 4.4 on a visual analog scale, P < 0.001).ConclusionNavigated laser effects could be visualized to a high percentage on post-treatment color images, and their location showed a high concordance to targeted areas. Patients reported that treatment-related pain following Navilas laser photocoagulation was significantly lower than pain following conventional laser treatment.

Inhibitory effect of recombinant human endostatin on choroidal neovascularization in a rabbit model

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious complication of many fundus diseases.A variety of factors are associated with CNV.Research showed that recombinant human endostatin ( rhendostatin ) can arrest the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis.Objective This study was to observe the inhibition of rh-endostatin on experimental CNV.Methods The CNV animal models were created by Argon laser with the wavelength 532 nm to irradiate the inferior retina away optical disc 1-2 DD for 25 spots in 32 eyes of 16 chinchilla rabbits.The laser parameters were as follows:power 800 mW,spot diameter 75 μm and time shutter 50 ms.The models were then divided into model control group and rh-endostatin group.Rh-endostatin was intravitreously injected via scleral incision in 16 eyes of 8 model rabbits at 1 week after photocoagulation.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence topography(OCT) were performed at 1,2,4 weeks after photocoagulation respectively.The eyeballs were enucleated and the retinal sections were prepared for the histopathologieal examination,and the contents of VEGF and pigment epithelial derived factor(PEDF) in rabbit vitreous,and blood serum were detected by ELISA at 2,4 weeks after photocoagulation.Results Retinal edema and exudes were seen in 1 week and scarring in 4 weeks after photocoagulation.In rh-endostatin injection group,the hyperfluorescence masses were seen in the background phase and early arterial phase in 42％ (84/200) of spots in the first week.The fluorescence leakage was decreased in the rh-endostatin injection group compared with control group in the second week and ceased at the third week on the FFA after injection.Variety forms of hyperreflective zones were found below the retinal pigment epithelium on the seventh day after photocoagulation.But the partial vessel occlusion and fibroplasias were identified in the rh-endostatin injection group in the third week by the OCT.The histopathological examination showed that the morphological abnormality was mild in the rh-endostatin injection group in comparison with model group.The serum PEDF concentration was significantly elevated but the VEGF/PEDF values in vitreous and serum were declined in rhendostatin injection group compared with model group (P ＜ 0.0 1 ).Conclusions Argon laser photocoagulation could induce the experimental CNV in chinchilla rabbit.Intravitreous injection of rh-endostar can effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV in rabbit. Key words: Choroidal neovascularization ; Endostatin ; Animal model; Argon laser

A NEW GRADING SYSTEM FOR RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TEARS

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of a new grading system for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears that developed after antivascular endo-thelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for exudative age-related macular degeneration. The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive eyes that developed an RPE tear after intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent (pegaptanib, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab) within a 4.5-year period (January 2005 to January 2009) at a single center. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence topography were studied for each case of RPE tear, and using fluorescein angiography analysis, a measurement of greatest linear diameter (millimeter) was obtained and a grading scale devised. The grade of RPE tear was correlated with visual and anatomical outcomes and response to continued anti-VEGF therapy. Twenty-one eyes from 20 patients were evaluated in this study. Retinal pigment epithelium tears were graded from one to four based on the greatest length in the vector direction of the tear and involvement of the fovea. Nineteen percent (n = 4) of eyes had Grade 1 tears (diameter smaller than 200 microm), 14% (n = 3) had Grade 2 tears (diameter between 200 microm and 1-disk diameter), 19% (n = 4) had Grade 3 tears (diameter greater than 1-disk diameter), and 48% (n = 10) had Grade 4 tears (Grade 3 tears that involved the foveal center). Lower grade tears were more likely to have better visual acuity and better response to continued anti-VEGF therapy and less likely to develop a disciform scar but were at risk of progressing to a higher grade tear over time. The grading of RPE tears according to greatest linear diameter may have prognostic value in predicting visual acuity and anatomical outcome with or without continued anti-VEGF therapy. Lower grade tears have better visual acuity and response to anti-VEGF therapy. Grade 4 tears have a very poor prognosis with or without anti-VEGF therapy.

Contribution of surface state characterization to studies of works of art

This paper has two purposes. The first one underlines that qualitative and quantitative studies of surface states lead to relevant information for analyzing works of art, with lots of potential for art history, restorers, and curators. The discrimination between different artistic techniques and the influence of a varnish on the leveling of paint surfaces are presented. The second purpose is the comparison between different nondestructive optical topographic methods, i.e., goniophotometry, optical coherence topography, and confocal microscopy, according to their accuracy, their discriminatory ability, their practicability inside a museum, and the size limits of the studied objects.

Endophthalmitis After Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty With Concave-Oriented Dislocation on Slit-Lamp Optical Coherence Topography

To present the first reported case of Descemet membrane stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK)-associated endophthalmitis with concave dislocation on slit-lamp optical coherence topography (SL-OCT). An 86-year-old man underwent DSEK for corneal decompensation secondary to prior surgery. On all postoperative visits, a slit-lamp examination and SL-OCT were performed. On the first postoperative day, the lenticle was dislocated in a concave configuration as imaged with the SL-OCT. On the second postoperative day, the patient had eye pain, nausea, and increased intraocular pressure. On SL-OCT imaging, the concave configuration and fibrin stranding were imaged. With intraocular pressure lowering, the patient's pain subsided, and he was scheduled for a lenticle refloat the following day. The next day, endophthalmitis was diagnosed secondary to exuberant purulent inflammation. At surgery, the lenticle was removed, cultures were obtained, and pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal injections were administered. Intraoperative cultures were positive for heavy growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Endophthalmitis is a potential complication for any intraocular procedure including DSEK. SL-OCT imaging postoperatively may reveal concave lenticle configuration and subtle anterior chamber fibrin stranding may be early sign of endophthalmitis.

Visual function vs quality of life assessment in patients with laser‐treated diabetic macular oedema

Abstract Purpose To compare different visual function assessments in patients with laser‐treated diabetic macular oedema (DMO) to the self‐assessment of visual dysfunction and quality of life (QoL) time trade‐off (TTO) utility measures. Methods Forty patients with DMO previously treated with laser were assessed for best corrected visual acuity (distance and near), reading speed, fixation location and stability, microperimetry with Nidek MP‐1, and optical coherent topography (OCT). Subjective analogue self‐assessment of distance and near visual dysfunction and QoL TTO utility measures were also assessed. Results Distance visual acuity correlate well with fixation location and stability, and central retinal thickness of OCT. Near visual acuity and reading speed correlate well with relative scotoma size. However, visual dysfunction and QoL TTO utility correlations are more complex, reading speed in the better seeing eye is best to correlate with QoL TTO utility after correcting for age. Conclusion Laser treated DMO patients often report subjective visual dysfunction that cannot be explained by best corrected distance visual acuity. Scotoma size affects near vision and reading speed, leading to poor quality of life.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Manifesting as Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

We describe a case of bilateral exudative retinal detachment associated with prodromal symptoms simulating the presentation of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease that was eventually diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A 42-year-old man presented with sudden visual loss in both eyes for two weeks. He complained of intermittent headache, neck stiffness and tinnitus for a month. His best-corrected visual acuities were 20/200 in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography, optical coherence topography and indocyanine green angiography featured bilateral serous retinal detachments. A clinical diagnosis of incomplete type Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease was considered. However, complete blood cell count showed a marked increase in the number of white blood cells and bone marrow examination revealed precursor B cell lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient started on induction chemotherapy. A week later, his best-corrected visual acuities were 20/25 and the serous retinal detachments were nearly absorbed in both eyes. Bilateral exudative retinal detachment associated with neurologic and auditory abnormalities may be a presenting sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of leukemia in such patients.

Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

There have been many reports in recent literature concerning the use of scanning laser polarimetry, Heidelberg retinal tomography and optical coherence topography in assessing the optic nerve and peripapillary nerve fibre layer. It is important to assess the validity of new equipment and see whether this has improved our understanding of the disease. There are also reports about possible association of nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy with cataract surgery and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors. This review attempts to look at some of the techniques used and possible associations with nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Scanning laser polarimetry, Heidelberg retinal tomography and optical coherence tomography have been helpful in quantifying optic nerve and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer defects, with different efficacy and limitations. Although these confirm the damage to retinal nerve fibre layer beyond what is detected by standard visual field examination, the effect of cataract surgery and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors remains to be further studied on a larger scale. The few experimental treatments for nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy also need further confirmatory studies. More studies are required to evaluate the benefits of new imaging methods. The availability of a primate model may provide clues to assessing experimental treatments for nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

Correlation of spectral optical coherence tomography with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome

Aims:To determine the spatial location of lesions in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with the aid of spectral optical coherence topography (SOCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography...

Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Polarimetry in Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, and Suspected Glaucoma

To compare the performance of the newest generation optical coherence topography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC) in eyes with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and suspected glaucoma. One eye each of 84 patients (30 with glaucoma, 26 with suspected glaucoma, and 28 with ocular hypertension) was included in the study. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured with both technologies and thickness parameters were compared in the three groups of eyes. The correspondence of RNFL thickness measurements with visual field function was also studied. Average OCT-RNFL thickness was found to have a statistically significant difference between patients with glaucoma and either suspected glaucoma or ocular hypertension. A statistically significant correlation between the average RNFL thicknesses measured by the two different technologies was shown only in the glaucoma group. A significant correlation with visual field mean deviation was found for superior average RNFL thickness as measured by SLP and for nerve fiber indicator and average and inferior average RNFL thickness as measured by OCT in glaucomatous eyes. Regression analysis indicated nerve fiber indicator to be the most valuable factor in predicting mean deviation. RNFL thickness measurements obtained with OCT and SLP-VCC correlate well only in eyes with more advanced glaucomatous damage. The nerve fiber indicator parameter derived by SLP correlated best with mean deviation.

The characteristic features of optical coherence tomography in posterior uveitis

Aim:To describe the different retinal morphological characteristics that can present on optical coherence topography (OCT) in a spectrum of uveitic diseases.Methods:We reviewed the literature and our own OCT image archive...