Optical Burst Switching Research Articles

Optimal and dynamic virtual datacenter provisioning over metro-embedded datacenters with holistic SDN orchestration

Conventional mega datacenter (DC) lacks flexibility and has poor service connectivity for users faraway. Therefore, the metro-embeded DC architecture has been introduced to deliver more reliable and flexible services with less access latency. For fine-grained all-optical switching ability and high bandwidth connection, optical burst switching (OBS) ring is deployed inside the micro-DCs (mDC) and OBS over wavelength switched optical network paradigm is used for inter-mDC communication. Meanwhile, hierarchical SDN control is employed to virtualize and holistically coordinate the distributed mDCs and the metro network slices into reconfigurable virtual DC (VDC). Optimal VDC provisioning based on an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is also developed in the SDN control plane to provide services with minimum latency and traffic load. A dynamic VDC provisioning algorithm based on partial ILP is further proposed to reconfigure the VDC with reduced complexity considering the user and resource dynamics. Experimental demonstrations conducted on the implemented metro-embedded DC prototype testbed show that optimal and fast VDC provisioning is realized based on the proposed ILP, while dynamic VDC reconfiguration makes sure that VDC is adjusted accordingly with the change of user location and resource requirement.

Analysis of Blocking Probability of Multi-Class OBS With General Burst Size Distribution

Optical burst switching (OBS) provides a future-proof alternative to the current electronic switching in the backbone. In this letter, we study a horizon-based single-channel multi-class OBS node, for which the multiple traffic classes are differentiated using a different offset time of each class. By assuming Poisson burst arrivals and general burst size distribution, using the well-known level crossing method, we obtain the expressions of per-class blocking probabilities. We validate our results using a numerical example.

A Performance Evaluation Programmable Architecture for Choice of Switching Paradigm in Hybrid Optical Networks

This article proposes an performance evaluation on architecture of hybrid optical network. The proposed architecture enables the definition of rules for classifying traffic flows of IP access networks. Furthermore, signals to hybrid optical network the most appropriate paradigm, Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) or Optical Burst Switching (OBS), to be used. The metrics used for the evaluation process were effective network usage and data delivery percentage. The performance evaluation results showed that hybrid architecture made programmable hybrid network and able to handle different types of traffic in order to make efficient use of network resources when compared to non-hybrid networks.

Optimal Cost and Performance Evaluation of Various Protection Schemes for a Reliable All-Optical Subwavelength Switching Network

Abstract—In this paper, we study several alternatives of protection for a time-domain wavelength interleaved network (TWIN), an optical burst switching technology for transport networks with active edge nodes, passive core nodes, and time-slotted operation. The main difference between those alternatives concerns the degree of resource sharing (transmitters, receivers, and wavelengths). After an extended study on the protection challenges in TWIN, we distinguish three main protection schemes: totally shared protection, partially shared protection, and dedicated protection. We propose a network dimensioning comparison for the aforementioned schemes, based on linear programming formulation addressing the optimization of a used resource. In addition, we assess the ability of the proposed schemes to maintain network performance during the failure in terms of delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio. The obtained results show that the totally shared protection scheme outperforms the other schemes in terms of resource utilization with nonsignificant degradation of the performance and a prompt recovery time.

Fuzzy-Based Adaptive Length Burst Assembly Technique for Loss Reduction in Optical Burst Switched Networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a type of optical switching technology that harnesses the enormous bandwidth potential of the optical fiber to transport huge amounts of data in the form of jumbo packets which are mainly known as bursts. An important issue in OBS is high burst loss resulting from high number of burst contentions. In order to address this issue, an intelligent burst assembly algorithm named Fuzzy-based Adaptive Length Burst Assembly (FALBA) algorithm is proposed. FALBA uses fuzzy logic to intelligently adjust the burst assembly parameter using the incoming traffic load and the current burst size parameter. Simulation results have shown that FALBA out performs the fuzzy adaptive threshold algorithm in terms of burst loss ratio.

Resource Reservation Schemes for Optical Burst Switching Networks

Since the current optical communication networks are based on internet protocol and demands for transmission capacity and speed are growing, the optical burst switching presents the solution for future high-speed wavelength division multiplexing optical networks. In order to successfully transmit bursts over optical burst switching network, resource reservation schemes have to be implemented. According to the way of resource reservation, reservation schemes use one-way reservation or two-way reservation. The schemes with one-way reservation are used mainly for optical burst switching networks. The survey of one-way resource reservation schemes is presented. The basic operations and properties of one-way resource reservation schemes are described.

Prevention of DDOS in Optical Burst Switching using Genetic Algorithm

Objective: The work is undertaken to study the effect of DDoS attack on the Optical Burst Switching environment. Burst switching being the future generation of the optical technology is analyzed for different possibilities and counter measures. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm is applied to overcome the attack. Statistical Analysis: The environment is simulated on MATLAB to get a real time environment response. The number of nodes can be any depending upon criterion. The parameters taken are packet delivery, network error and energy. Findings: It has been observed that during attack value of parameters are packet delivery is 1.1 network error is 3800 and energy is 6500 and after applying Genetic Algorithm the performance of network is improved by packet delivery 9.3 network error 3600 and energy consumption lowered to 6300. Applications: Optical Burst Switching can be used as backbone of the future internet. The tremendously increasing demand of internet users need a strong and fast backbone for data to travel and burst switching satisfies this. In various assessments of potential intrusions in modern networks, the flooding-based DDoS attack takes center stage. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks poses a big threat to any electronic society. But, the main purpose of this paper has been to detect and prevent the DDoS flooding attacks in Optical Burst Switching networks using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and analyze their impact using various metrics like packet deliver, network error and energy consumption. In the end countermeasures against the intrusion have been showed up with and without applying an optimization method.

On the Highly Stable Performance of Loss-Free Optical Burst Switching Networks

Increase of bandwidth demand in data networks, driven by the continuous growth of the Internet and the increase of bandwidth greedy applications, raise the issue of how to support all the bandwidth requirements in the near future. Three optical switching paradigms have been defined and are being investigated: Optical Circuit Switching (OCS); Optical Packet Switching (OPS); and Optical Burst Switching (OBS). Among these paradigms, OBS is seen as the most appropriate solution today. However, OBS suffers from high burst loss as a result of contention in the bufferless mode of operation. This issue was investigated by Coutelen et al., 2009 who proposed the loss-free CAROBS framework whereby signal convertors of the optical signal to the electrical domain ensure electrical buffering. Convertors increase the network price which must be minimized to reduce the installation and operating costs of the CAROBS framework. An analysis capturing convertor requirements, with respect to the number of merging flows and CAROBS node offered load, was carried out. We demonstrated the convertor location significance, which led to an additional investigation of the shared wavelength convertors scenario. Shared wavelength convertors significantly decrease the number of required convertors and show great promise for CAROBS. Based on this study we can design a CAROBS network to contain a combination of simple and complex nodes that include none or some convertors respectively, a vital feature of network throughput efficiency and cost.

Analysis of wavelength reservation based quality of service differentiation in optical burst switching networks using Markov model

With the increased usage of time-critical applications, the need for differentiation among service classes has become a major goal in research communities. Optical burst switching (OBS) is one of the most promising switching technologies to cope with heavy traffic diversity. To satisfy the bandwidth requirement in OBS networks, the recent literature suggests two efficient techniques: one is based on offset time and the other is on wavelength reservation. In this paper, we analyze the wavelength reservation based technique to support a given number of service classes. We describe a Markov model to estimate the blocking probabilities of various service classes. Simulation is conducted at one of the output ports of a core node to validate the model.

Enhancing the Quality of Service for Real Time Traffic over Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks with Ensuring the Fairness for Other Traffics.

Optical burst switching (OBS) networks have been attracting much consideration as a promising approach to build the next generation optical Internet. A solution for enhancing the Quality of Service (QoS) for high priority real time traffic over OBS with the fairness among the traffic types is absent in current OBS’ QoS schemes. In this paper we present a novel Real Time Quality of Service with Fairness Ratio (RT-QoSFR) scheme that can adapt the burst assembly parameters according to the traffic QoS needs in order to enhance the real time traffic QoS requirements and to ensure the fairness for other traffic. The results show that RT-QoSFR scheme is able to fulfill the real time traffic requirements (end to end delay, and loss rate) ensuring the fairness for other traffics under various conditions such as the type of real time traffic and traffic load. RT-QoSFR can guarantee that the delay of the real time traffic packets does not exceed the maximum packets transfer delay value. Furthermore, it can reduce the real time traffic packets loss, at the same time guarantee the fairness for non real time traffic packets by determining the ratio of real time traffic inside the burst to be 50–60%, 30–40%, and 10–20% for high, normal, and low traffic loads respectively.

Dropping probability reduction in OBS networks: A simple approach

In this paper, we propose and derive a slotted-time model for analyzing the burst blocking probability in Optical Burst Switched (OBS) networks. We evaluated the immediate and delayed signaling reservation schemes. The proposed model compares the performance of both just-in-time (JIT) and just-enough-time (JET) signaling protocols associated with of void/non-void filling link scheduling schemes. It also considers none and limited range wavelength conversions scenarios. Our model is distinguished by being adaptable to different offset-time and burst length distributions. We observed that applying a limited range of wavelength conversion, burst blocking probability is reduced by several orders of magnitudes and yields a better burst delivery ratio compared with full wavelength conversion.

Evaluation of Burst/Packet Loss Ratio in a Bufferless OBS/OPS Network With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1+X$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Path Protection

The importance of avoiding burst/packet loss because of equipment failures, especially for critical-mission services, gives rise to a method known as $1+X$ path protection in optical networks. This method provides additional protection for premium (including emergency) services than the more common $1+1$ path protection. In this letter, we consider a bufferless optical burst switched (OBS)/optical packet switched (OPS) network with two types of users: premium (that receive $1+X$ protection service) and regular (that do not receive such a service). We propose an analytical method based on Erlang fixed-point approximation to evaluate the burst/packet loss of such OBS/OPS network. We demonstrate numerically the accuracy of the approximation, and also the effect and implications of the proportion of the premium traffic as $X$ increases.

Software-Defined Optical Burst Switching for HPC and Cloud Computing Data Centers

In this paper, we assess the performance of techniques for optical burst switching (OBS) designed for high performance computing (HPC) and cloud computing data center networks (DCNs) by using network-level simulation. We consider short-duration bursts using the faster switching technologies that are now available. The modeled switch architecture features fast optical switches in a single-hop topology with a centralized, software-defined optical control plane. Instead of using OBS with traditional methods (i.e., one-way reservation), we consider OBS with a two-way reservation protocol that results in zero burst loss. We model different workloads with various data rates by considering different edge-to-core network oversubscription ratios to investigate the performance of such designs across usage patterns. Our results reveal that the proposed technique shows considerable improvement in terms of throughput and packet loss ratio and comparable performance in terms of delay when compared to traditional methods of OBS.

Best Fit Void Filling Segmentation Based Algorithm in Optical Burst Switching Networks

<p>Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is considered to be a promising paradigm for bearing IP traffic in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. Scheduling of data burst in data channels in an optimal way is one of a key problem in Optical Burst Switched networks. The main concerns in this paper is to schedule the incoming bursts in proper data channel such that more burst can be scheduled so burst loss will be less. There are different algorithms exists to schedule data burst on data channels. Non-preemptive Delay-First Minimum Overlap Channel with Void Filling (NP-DFMOC-VF) and Non-preemptive Segment-First Minimum Overlap Channel with Void Filling (NP-SFMOC-VF) are best among other existing segmentation based void filling algorithms. Though it gives less burst loss but not existing the channel utilization efficiently. In this paper we propose a new approach, which will give less burst loss and also utilize existing channels in efficient way. Also analyze the performance of this proposed scheduling algorithm and compare it with the existing void filling algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithm gives some better performances compared to the existing algorithms.</p><p><em>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol.1, 2015,</em> pp. 1-10</p><p> </p>

Some teletraffic issues in optical burst switching with burst segmentation

Some teletraffic tools used in the evaluation of optical burst switching with burst segmentation (OBS/BS) are dealt. These analytic tools shown are in fact supported by the Molina or blocked call held model. Furthermore, some additional results are also obtained in OBS/BS when the head dropping is implemented as contention resolution scheme. In particular, it is shown that as long as the service discipline is work-conservative, the percentage of bursts that are completely lost is independent of the service discipline and equals to the fraction of information that is cut-off.

Binary Heap Based Fair Scheduling Algorithm in Optical Burst Switching Networks

In this paper, a binary-heap based fair scheduling algorithm (BFSA) for optical burst switching (OBS) networks is proposed. BFSA calculates the cost function (CF) for every generated burst at edge nodes. CF is calculated using four fair parameters associated with each burst and it is updated at every hop until reaching the destination node. Moreover, a minimum priority queue is implemented using a binary heap tree for all incoming bursts at each code node. In contention case, the minimum cost burst that occupies the root node of the heap is considered as a victim and it is replaced by the new arriving high priority burst flow. BFSA is a fast scheduling scheme that is easily implemented at core nodes with no extra hardware components. BFSA is evaluated in terms of burst loss ratio and throughput using NS-2 simulator. Results reveal that BFSA is able to address fairness in OBS networks as it achieves better burst loss ratio and better throughput. BFSA performs much better than other fairness schemes such as the last hop pre-emption (LHP) and the fair prioritized pre-emption (FPP) schemes. In addition, it shows better fairness performance for higher priority traffic flows.

On blocking time in multi‐class optical burst switching nodes

SummaryRecently, there has been an increasing research interest being directed to optical burst switching (OBS) networks because of its mature electronic processing capability and high‐capacity optical transport capability. The blocking time for an OBS node, representing the time duration in which a certain channel is occupied by some class of bursts, plays an important role in characterizing the performance of an OBS network. In this paper, we analyze this important metric for an OBS node with a horizonal and a single channel theoretically and numerically. On the basis of that, the burst arrivals are assumed to follow the Poisson process and the burst lengths have a phase‐type distribution, we are able to formulate a working mechanism of an OBS node into a multilayer stochastic fluid model. Using a level crossing arguments method, we are able to obtain the Laplace–Stieltjes transforms of the blocking time, from which n‐order moments and the probability density functions of the blocking time can be further derived. We provide a numerical example to illustrate the theoretical analyses, and we further discuss the effects of the offset time and the arrival density on the blocking time through this numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Flow Scheduling in OBS Networks Based on Software-Defined Networking Control Plane

The separated management and operation of commercial IP/optical multilayer networks makes network operators look for a unified control plane (UCP) to reduce their capital and operational expenditure. Software-defined networking (SDN) provides a central control plane with a programmable mechanism, regarded as a promising UCP for future optical networks. The general control and scheduling mechanism in SDN-based optical burst switching (OBS) networks is insufficient so the controller has to process a large number of messages per second, resulting in low network resource utilization. In view of this, this paper presents the burst-flow scheduling mechanism (BFSM) with a proposed scheduling algorithm considering channel usage. The simulation results show that, compared with the general control and scheduling mechanism, BFSM provides higher resource utilization and controller performance for the SDN-based OBS network in terms of burst loss rate, the number of messages to which the controller responds, and the average latency of the controller to process a message.

QKD-Based Secured Burst Integrity Design for Optical Burst Switched Networks

AbstractThe field of optical transmission has undergone numerous advancements and is still being researched mainly due to the fact that optical data transmission can be done at enormous speeds. It is quite evident that people prefer optical communication when it comes to large amount of data involving its transmission. The concept of switching in networks has matured enormously with several researches, architecture to implement and methods starting with Optical circuit switching to Optical Burst Switching. Optical burst switching is regarded as viable solution for switching bursts over networks but has several security vulnerabilities. However, this work exploited the security issues associated with Optical Burst Switching with respect to integrity of burst. This proposed Quantum Key based Secure Hash Algorithm (QKBSHA-512) with enhanced compression function design provides better avalanche effect over the conventional integrity algorithms.

How to Enhance the Efficiency of Loss-Less Optical Burst Switching Networks with the Streamline Effect

With the ongoing steady traffic increase in the Internet, the wavelength usage of the supporting optical networks is a critical network efficiency parameter. Therefore, this paper suggests a way how to efficiently and economically achieve this goal in the context of optical burst switching, a very promising technology that has been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional WDM deployment, such as lack of fine bandwidth granularity in wavelength routing and electronic speed bottlenecks in the presence of bursty traffic. In order to mitigate the burst loss and achieve high network efficiency we adapt the loss-less paradigm defined by Coutelen et al. (2010), i.e., the CAROBS framework. In classical OBS networks, the streamline effect ensures a very low level of contention, i.e., efficient transmission, hence we define a routing guided only by the streamline effect. The resulting routing problem is formulated as an optimization model which is solved using a decomposition technique to increase the scalability of the solution process.