IN THE March and May issues of a monthly published in Canton, Three Principles of the People, the last edited by the late Hu Han-min, there appears a long article on Basis and Solution of the Inner Mongolian problem. In view of the publicity that has been given to Japanese support of an alleged nationalism among the Mongols of Inner Mongolia, and the recent military Campaigns in eastern Suiyfian, and in view of the repeated negotiations that have taken place recently between the Inner Mongolian princes and the Nanking Government to establish some sort of autonomy, this article is of timely interest as well as of historical importance. It is important because sound theoretical approaches to the problem of Mongolia have been relatively rare in China since the late Sun Yat-sen enunciated as one of his Three Principles the idea of doing away with nationalistic oppression or exploitation of racial minorities in the Chinese Republic. Official Nanking discussions of both the rights and obligations of national minorities have tended to be high-sounding but shallow. The article in the Cantonese magazine, written by Mr. Ch'ien Shih-fu, narrates in detail the policy of the Ch'ing or Manchu dynasty in Mongolia as a whole. The gist is as follows: In the course of about 270 years, the Ch'ing policy was a blend of persuasion and threat. With the aim of demoralizing the primitive robustness of the Mongolians, religious influences were utilized to create a life of inactivity. Many small nominal political units, the banners, were set up on the principle of divide et impera, while actual power was vested in the officials appointed by the Peking Government. Nothing was ever done to improve the livelihood of the Mongol toilers. Local and national defensive measures were reduced to feebleness and ineffectiveness, while Chinese troops permanently stationed in the border regions served the purpose of intimidation. Mongolia was then regarded as nothing more nor less than a protectorate. Instead of positively developing productivity, opening up natural resources and increasing the ability to produce, and of assisting the people to elevate their standard of living, the Ch'ing