Opposite States Research Articles

High dynamic range head-up displays.

We demonstrate a full-color high dynamic range head-up display (HUD) based on a polarization selective optical combiner, which is a three-layer cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film. Such a CLC film has three reflection bands corresponding to the three primary colors. A key component in our HUD system is a polarization modulation layer (PML) consisting of a twisted-nematic LC polarization rotator sandwiched by two quarter-wave plates. This spatially switchable PML generates opposite polarization states for the displayed image and its background area. Thus, this optical combiner reflects the displayed image to the observer and transmits the background noise, making the black state darker. Furthermore, by matching the reflection spectra of the optical combiner with the colors of the display panel, the bright state gets brighter. Therefore, both bright state and dark state are improved simultaneously. Our experimental results show that the dark state of the new HUD is lowered by 3x and bright state is boosted by 2.5x. By applying antireflection coating to the optical components and optimizing the degree of polarization, our simulation results indicate that the dynamic range can be improved by ∼50x (17 dB). Potential applications of the proposed HUDs for improving the driver's safety are foreseeable.

High-gain amplification for femtosecond optical vortex with mode-control regenerative cavity

Ultra-intense femtosecond vortex pulses can provide an opportunity to investigate the new phenomena with orbital angular momentum (OAM) involved in extreme cases. This paper reports a high gain optical vortex amplifier for intense femtosecond vortex pulses generation. Traditional regeneration amplifiers can offer high gain for Gaussian mode pulses but cannot amplify optical vortex pulses while maintaining the phase singularity because of mode competition. Here, we present a regeneration amplifier with a ring-shaped pump. By controlling the radius of the pump, the system can realize the motivation of the Laguerre–Gaussian [ LG 0 , 1 ( − 1 ) ] mode and the suppression of the Gaussian mode. Without seeds, the amplifier has a donut-shaped output containing two opposite OAM states simultaneously, as our prediction by simulation. If seeded by a pulse of a topologic charge of 1 or − 1 , the system will output an amplified LG 0 , 1 ( − 1 ) mode pulse with the same topologic charge as the seed. To our knowledge, this amplifier can offer the highest gain as 1.45 × 10 6 for optical vortex amplification. Finally, we obtain a 1.8 mJ, 51 fs compressed optical vortex seeded from a 2 nJ optical vortex.

Estados emocionales contrapuestos e inteligencia emocional en la adolescencia

espanolEste trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental estudiar los tipos y niveles de ansiedad, felicidad e inteligencia emocional, en funcion de la edad, el sexo, la cultura y el estrato socioeconomico, asi como contemplar las relaciones que se pudieran dar entre ambas variables, para una poblacion adolescente multicultural. Se conto con 811 participantes. En consideracion a la cultura, el grupo de cultura/religion musulmana constituye el 71,6 % de la muestra, mientras que el 28,4 % pertenecian a la cultura/religion cristiana, de modo que son el 46,1 % varones y el resto de la muestra (53,9 %) mujeres. Como instrumentos de evaluacion, se han empleado el inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo para ninos (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children [STAIC]) , un cuestionario elaborado para evaluar la felicidad, junto con otro para medir la inteligencia emocional. Los resultados reflejan niveles medio-bajos en ansiedad y medioaltos en felicidad. En ambas variables, influyen la edad, el sexo, la cultura/religion y el estatus, de forma inversa. Se hallo relacion estadisticamente significativa entre ansiedad y felicidad, de modo que es inversamente proporcional, lo que hace que si se puedan considerar estados emocionales contrapuestos. En IE influyen edad, sexo, cultura/religion y estatus socioeconomico-cultural. No se ha hallo relacion estadisticamente significativa entre ansiedad e IE, pero si en el caso de la felicidad. EnglishThis work has as main objective to analyze the types and levels of Anxiety, Happiness and Emotional Intelligence, according to age, gender, culture and socioeconomic, as well as the relationships that could be given between both variables. To make it possible we focused on 811 participants; 71.6% of the total were Muslims and 28.4% belonged to the Christian religion, 46.1% were male and 53.9% female. The techniques used in this survey were the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC, Spielberger, 2001), a Happiness questionnaire, as well as an EI questionnaire, built for their use. The results reflect medium-low levels in Anxiety and medium-high in Happiness. Both variables are influenced in a very different way by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender, culture and socioeconomic conversely. We found an statistically significant relationship between Anxiety and Happiness. This relationship was inversely proportional. So, it is possible to consider this variables opposite emotional states. Emotional Intelligence is influenced in a very different way by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender, culture and socioeconomic. There is no statistically significant relationship between Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence but we found it between Emotional Intelligence and Happiness

Personality and opponent processes: Shyness, sociability, and visual afterimages to emotion.

The opponent process theory of emotion posits that emotional states evoke opposite emotion states as they wane, resulting in sequential approach and withdrawal motivations. However, whether opponent processes are associated with individual differences in personality remains an empirical question. Using visual afterimage responses to emotional faces as an index of opponent processes, we found that young adults (N = 101; Mage = 19.41 years, SD = 2.06 years) characterized by relatively high shyness and high sociability (i.e., conflicted shyness) were more likely to perceive a negative face emotion afterimage after adapting to happy faces and a positive face emotion afterimage after adapting to angry faces, compared with young adults classified by other combinations of high and low shyness and sociability. We speculate that conflicted shyness may result from strong opponent processes to both positive and negative emotions to real or anticipated social situations in some individuals, resulting in conflicting social motivations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Vector speckle grid: instantaneous incoherent speckle grid for high-precision astrometry and photometry in high-contrast imaging

Context. Photometric and astrometric monitoring of directly imaged exoplanets will deliver unique insights into their rotational periods, the distribution of cloud structures, weather, and orbital parameters. As the host star is occulted by the coronagraph, a speckle grid (SG) is introduced to serve as astrometric and photometric reference. Speckle grids are implemented as diffractive pupil-plane optics that generate artificial speckles at known location and brightness. Their performance is limited by the underlying speckle halo caused by evolving uncorrected wavefront errors. The speckle halo will interfere with the coherent SGs, affecting their photometric and astrometric precision. Aims. Our aim is to show that by imposing opposite amplitude or phase modulation on the opposite polarization states, a SG can be instantaneously incoherent with the underlying halo, greatly increasing the precision. We refer to these as vector speckle grids (VSGs). Methods. We derive analytically the mechanism by which the incoherency arises and explore the performance gain in idealised simulations under various atmospheric conditions. Results. We show that the VSG is completely incoherent for unpolarized light and that the fundamental limiting factor is the cross-talk between the speckles in the grid. In simulation, we find that for short-exposure images the VSG reaches a ∼0.3–0.8% photometric error and ∼3−10 × 10−3λ/D astrometric error, which is a performance increase of a factor ∼20 and ∼5, respectively. Furthermore, we outline how VSGs could be implemented using liquid-crystal technology to impose the geometric phase on the circular polarization states. Conclusions. The VSG is a promising new method for generating a photometric and astrometric reference SG that has a greatly increased astrometric and photometric precision.

إجماع العترة عند الأصولیین وأثره فی الفروع الفقهیة

إجماع العترة عند الأصولیین وأثره فی الفروع الفقهیة

Finite-Time Bipartite Tracking Control for Double-Integrator Networked Systems With Cooperative and Antagonistic Interactions

This paper is concerned with bipartite tracking for double-integrator networked systems with signed communication graphs, where both cooperative and antagonistic interactions coexist. A finite-time bipartite tracking framework is established, where followers track either the state or the opposite state of a leader. Different from some conventional results with convergence over an infinite time horizon, the finite-time convergence in this paper is achieved in an accurate manner. Under structurally balanced signed graphs, an integral sliding mode based finite-time bipartite tracking controller is proposed. The construction of an integral sliding mode variable is to ensure that the system dynamics is driven onto a sliding surface in finite-time. On the sliding surface, neighbouring states are used together with the homogeneous technique to guarantee that bipartite tracking is achieved in finite-time. To further realize fixed-time bipartite tracking, a controller is designed by using the integral sliding mode and the bi-limit homogeneous concept. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.

Group consensus of multi-agent networks with hybrid interactions

This paper addresses the issue of group consensus for a novel network model, which possesses a two-layer structure and consists of multiple interactive agents. Agents in the network are divided into several different groups according to hybrid interactions, then two neighboring agents can belong to the same group, different groups but in the same layer or different layers. Correspondingly, three kinds of relationships exist between neighboring agents in the network. Furthermore, consider that only agents in the first layer are pinned by virtual leaders, then based on the graph theory, Lyapunov function method, and optimization technique, some criteria for realizing group consensus of the network under fixed topology and switching topologies are established, which mainly depend on the topology and time intervals of the switching signal. It is found out that when the group consensus is achieved, the agents in the first layer follow the leaders asymptotically, while the agents in the second layer converge to opposite states of the leaders. Finally, a detailed numerical example is given for illustration.

A Self-Timed Voltage-Mode Sensing Scheme With Successive Sensing and Checking for STT-MRAM

In Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM), the most commonly used timing scheme for conventional Voltage-mode Sense Amplifier (VSA) is the global activated timing. Obviously this method cannot obtain the optimal yield because different bit-cells have its sensing latency respectively. This paper proposes a self-timed voltage-mode sense scheme named ST-VSS which can enable optimal timing depending on the bit-cell discharging ability. Two circuit structures are proposed: The single SA structure uses a multiplexer at the input of the SA. Its successive sensing operations are implemented with input offset flipping. A dual SA structure is reconfigured by built-in-self-test (BIST) method to the opposite offset states to monitor sensing results from each other. The sensing operation can be immediately terminated after successful reading. The proposed ST-VSS is applied to a 32bits/word MRAM using 28-nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the successful sensing rate across a wide range of voltages can be improved, comparing with the conventional scheme. The single SA structure obtains 32%~42% yield improvement, costs 44.1%/26.9%/19.3% energy, and brings 8.3%/5.8%/2.9% layout area penalty in 128/256/512 column depth, respectively. The dual SA structure gets 54%~65% yield improvement, costs 66.2%/38.6%/27.5% energy, and brings 26.4%/13.8%/7.1% area penalty in 128/256/512 column depth conditions, respectively.

High-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible metasurface laser

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) from lasers holds promise for compact, at-source solutions for applications ranging from imaging to communications. However, conjugate symmetry between circular spin and opposite helicity OAM states (±l) from conventional spin–orbit approaches has meant that complete control of light’s angular momentum from lasers has remained elusive. Here, we report a metasurface-enhanced laser that overcomes this limitation. We demonstrate new high-purity OAM states with quantum numbers reaching l = 100 and non-symmetric vector vortex beams that lase simultaneously on independent OAM states as much as Δl = 90 apart, an extreme violation of previous symmetric spin–orbit lasing devices. Our laser conveniently outputs in the visible, producing new OAM states of light as well as all previously reported OAM modes from lasers, offering a compact and power-scalable source that harnesses intracavity structured matter for the creation of arbitrary chiral states of structured light. A metasurface laser generates orbital angular momentum states with quantum numbers reaching l = 100. Simultaneous output vortex beams, with Δl as great as 90, are demonstrated in the visible regime.

The impact of state and dispositional mindfulness on prospective memory: A virtual reality study.

Prospective memory (PM) consists of remembering to perform an action that was previously planned. The recovery and execution of these actions require attentional resources. Mindfulness, as a state or a dispositional trait, has been associated with better attentional abilities while mind wandering is linked with attentional failures. In this study, we investigated the impact of mindfulness on PM. Eighty participants learned 15 cue-action associations. They were, then, asked to recall the actions at certain moments (time-based items) or places (event-based items) during a walk in a virtual town. Before the PM task, participants were randomly assigned to a mindfulness or mind wandering (control condition) session. Dispositional mindfulness was measured via the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Although considered as two opposite states, we did not report any difference between the two groups on PM abilities. Nevertheless, the natural tendency to describe one's own sensations (the Describing facet of the FFMQ) predicted time-based performance in both groups. We discuss different hypotheses to explain this finding in light of recent findings on the impact of mind wandering on future oriented cognition. Our main observation is a positive link between the Describing facet and time-based PM performances. We propose that this link could be due to the common association of this mindfulness facets and PM with attentional and interoceptive abilities. Additional studies are needed to explore this hypothesis.

Engineering the surface for direct part marking (DPM)

The performance of select technologies for direct part marking (DPM) are reviewed. The select DPM technologies are those that can be cost-effectively used for unique identification (UDI) of a wide variety of part shapes, sizes, and materials by applying a permanent 2D Data Matrix. The select technologies are also flexible in being practicable for use in a wide range of production systems in terms of part variety and volume. It is concluded from this review that the most common and chronic causes of non-conforming quality relate to marginal differences in optical contrast between the cell and substrate surface representing the opposite binary data states. The other concern identified is the potential for undermining the performance of parts operating in demanding environments, in particular reducing component fatigue life due to the surface modifications produced by DPM.A new solution based on the principle of “engineering the surface” is then described, and results are reported for measurements of standard Data Matrix quality parameters as set out in the ISO/IEC TR 29158:2011 standard. These results and other performance measures are critically reviewed and compared with alternative DPM technologies. It is shown that the proposed solution obtains the highest possible grades for the main ISO quality parameters including “cell contrast” levels which exceed 70%. The technology is also characterised by having a minimal impact on surface finish and integrity, no material removal, no use of coolant or any source of contamination, low tool wear rates and exacting levels of control of the core process mechanisms.

Borderline states of economy of the territory: “fine edge” or “void” in between security and danger

Based on the analysis of provisions of economic science, this article characterizes the state of national economy from the perspective of protectability from negative activities of various origin. In most works the emphasis is placed on its diametrically opposite states – secure and dangerous; but there are also borderline states of conditionally secure and pseudo-secure, which do not receive due attention in the scientific publications. In this regard, the goal is to eliminate the terminological gap that exists in economic science, substantiated by the absence of approaches towards demarcation of these states, by decomposing the definition of “economic pseudo-security”. The result of the conducted research consists in explication of the term “economic pseudo-security” based on specification of attributive features as pseudo-dynamism, pseudo-sustainability, and pseudo-protectability. The inner content of each of the aforementioned criteria is described through their distinctive features. These acquired results are aimed at broadening of theoretical provisions of economic science and systematization of knowledge on the economic security. Usage of separate parameters of pseudo-security would allow the subject of protection, i. e. the state, promptly responding to alternation of the course of socioeconomic processes on macro- and micro-levels in order to prevent the development of borderline states of national economy and their possible later transition into the dangerous.  

Struktúra és communitas

The paper describes the relationship between subcultural and school/institutional interpretationsin the inner discourse of an alternative school (the ’Diákház’) in Budapest. Interpretations andpractices, that belonging two different interpretive frameworks, appear simultaneously andintertwined in the Diákház communication scene. This contributes to problem-solvingcapacities/knowledge that individually do not appear in either of the two. In this discourse, thesubcultural manifestations of difference, deviance, marginality, resistance or communitas, andthe manifestations of knowledge, autonomy, responsibility and the hierarchical structure of theschool sometimes appear in opposition, sometimes in reinforcement to each other. The knowledgeformed in the discourse can be used by the Diákház to keep (formerly drop-out) students withinthe institution, and by the students to reduce their own feeling of invalidity. In this way, theDiákház is able to use the two opposite social states, communitas and structure, to its ownbenefit

Combination of obesity and malnutrition in a patient with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (case report)

Eating disorder with its two extreme manifestations — obesity and trophological insufficiency (TI) — is one of the common problems of modern society. TI is often diagnosed in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP); it occurs due to a limited amount of food intake, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus, and chronic alcoholism. TI severity correlates with severity of malabsorption and depletion of nutrients degree. However, TI verification in patients with CP is difficult due to the lack of uniform diagnostic recommendations. Anthropometric technique, laboratory (determination of the level of lymphocytes, albumin) and instrumental (computed tomography, X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging) diagnostics are usually used.
 The article presents a case report of combination of such two opposite states as obesity and malnutrition in a patient with CP. The patient was hospitalized with CP exacerbation and alcohol abuse. Examination revealed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and mild malnutrition. Enzyme replacement therapy and additional oral sip feeding with a positive effect were prescribed. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency stopped after 10 weeks of treatment, but malnutrition remained and required a longer course of treatment. Relevance of this problem, main difficulties of diagnosis are presented in the article. Anthropometric indices, body mass index, lymphocytes, total protein, albumin need to be measured in all patients. Using only body mass index leads to hypodiagnosis of malnutrition in patients with CP.

Fine Switching between Underwater Superoleophilicity and Underwater Superoleophobicity while Maintaining Superhydrophobicity.

Switching between superhydrophobicity/underwater superoleophilicity and superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity has been widely designed. Recently, superwettability is subdivided into multiple extreme wetting states for oil, water, and air as wetting and medium phases. However, fine switching among the multiple superwettability is rare. Here, a pH-responsive case is presented to demonstrate the fine switching between underwater superoleophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity while maintaining superhydrophobicity. The surface chemistry of silver-roughened copper coatings is elaborately manipulated by water-repellent perfluoroalkyl and alkyl chains and the smart terminal carboxyl group. By adjusting the pH value of water, the completely opposite extreme wetting states for oil in water are precisely controlled. Simultaneously, the extreme repellence for water in the air can be kept owing to the fairly low surface energy of the perfluoroalkyl chain. This discovery accelerates the subdivision of superwettability and the achievement of unusual superwetting switching.

The Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: The Final Answer or an Interim Solution to the Caspian Question?

Abstract This article analyses new developments in the question of the Caspian Sea legal status, namely the signing of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea on 12 August 2018 in Kazakhstan, after twenty-six years in the making. First, the article provides an overview of the history of the Caspian Sea ownership and examines the legal status question from the collapse of the USSR to the present day. Then, the text of the newly signed Convention is examined to determine whether it provides the final answers to the issues of the legal status and delimitation of the sea. It is contended that despite this seminal breakthrough, the convention does not provide a complete solution. Specifically, while it establishes Caspian Sea zones and their limits, it fails to clarify some key contentious aspects, including delimitation principles between the opposite and adjacent Caspian States, which remain to be determined bilaterally.

Realization of all-optical vortex switching in exciton-polariton condensates

Vortices are topological objects representing the circular motion of a fluid. With their additional degree of freedom, the vorticity, they have been widely investigated in many physical systems and different materials for fundamental interest and for applications in data storage and information processing. Vortices have also been observed in non-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensates in planar semiconductor microcavities. There they appear spontaneously or can be created and pinned in space using ring-shaped optical excitation profiles. However, using the vortex state for information processing not only requires creation of a vortex but also efficient control over the vortex after its creation. Here we demonstrate a simple approach to control and switch a localized polariton vortex between opposite states. In our scheme, both the optical control of vorticity and its detection through the orbital angular momentum of the emitted light are implemented in a robust and practical manner.

Antisemitism under erasure: Christian Zionist anti-globalism and the refusal of cohabitation

ABSTRACT Two narratives used by conservative evangelicals as justification for supporting Donald Trump are his support for the state of Israel and opposition to “globalists.” However, narratives of “globalism” are rooted in and often deploy the codes of antisemitism. Using conspiratorial constructions of progressive billionaire George Soros in American evangelical Christian Zionist texts as a case study, this article interrogates the relationship between hostility to “globalism” and support for Israel. It argues that rather than simply evading or reproducing antisemitism, evangelical Christian Zionist anti-globalism relies on the antisemitic figure of “the Jew” as both present and absent, structurally necessary and necessarily disavowed. The article contends that the result of this disavowal is the figure of “the Jew”—one whose antisemitic archive is placed under erasure and whose figuration facilitates a theo/geopolitical imaginary grounded on the securitization of borders and ethnocratic concepts of the nation-state over and against the possibilities of cohabitation.

Coupling characteristics of the spun optical fiber with multiple stress elements

Abstract Possible coupling between fundamental modes and higher order modes in a spun optical fiber with multiple stress elements is analyzed. It shows that only the higher order H E mn mode with the opposite circular polarization state can be coupled with the fundamental H E 11 mode. The coupling between the fundamental H E 11 mode and the TE, TM or EH modes can never be occurred. In the possible coupling between H E mn mode and H E 11 mode, m should be equal to N-1, where N is the number of the stress elements. As a comparison, the coupling property in a spun optical fiber with single stress element is also demonstrated. In this case, the fundamental H E 11 mode can not only be coupled with the higher order H E 2 n mode but also can be coupled with the higher order T E mode.