Opposite Pairs Research Articles

Periodic antireflection surface structure fabricated on silicon by four-beam laser interference lithography

Silicon surface structures with excellent antireflection property arouse wide interest. Chemical and physical methods such as femtosecond, nanosecond, and picosecond laser processing, wet-chemical etching, electrochemical etching, and reactive ion etching have been developed to fabricate them. However, the methods can only produce a quasi-ordered array of sharp conical microspikes on silicon surface. In this paper, we present a method to fabricate periodic silicon antireflection surface structures using direct four-beam laser interference lithography (LIL). With 1 atm ambient atmosphere of SF6 and the laser fluence of the four beams irradiated on the silicon surface at 0.64 J cm−2, the periodical conical spikes were generated. Changing the polarization directions of the opposite incident beam pairs in a four-beam LIL system could convert conical spikes structure into an array of holes. Antireflection in a wide spectral range was measured by a spectrophotometer from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The average reflectance of this periodic black silicon surface is less than 3.5%.

Dc Josephson effect in a junction between two ferromagnetic superconductors

By using the Furusaki–Tsukada formula, we calculate Josephson current in a junction between two ferromagnetic superconductors (FSs) as a function of temperature, exchange field and insulator barrier strength of interface between FSs. We consider FSs in three different Cooper pairing states: spin singlet s-wave pairing (SWP) state, spin triplet opposite spin pairing (OSP) state and spin triplet equal spin pairing (ESP) state. It is found that the FS exchange field suppresses dc Josephson current for SWP and OSP states while it does not show any sensitivity to exchange field in the case of ESP state. Also, at low temperature and high barrier strength, dc Josephson current shows clearly different curves for SWP, OSP and ESP states. Therefore, our results can help to discriminate the kind of Cooper pair symmetry in ferromagnetic superconductors.

Newborn infant characteristics and risk of future rheumatoid arthritis: a twin-control study

Low birth weight has been proposed as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The twin-control study design provides an opportunity to investigate the significance of potential prenatal determinants for adult morbidity by accounting for maternal characteristics and early environmental and genetic factors. We investigated the association between birth weight and RA in a sample of 42 twin pairs discordant for rheumatoid arthritis in which valid information on birth weight, birth length, and order was available from midwife records. Difference plot and conditional logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between RA and birth weight or birth order adjusting for birth length and sex. The intra-pairwise birth weight differences, i.e., RA twin minus co-twin, ranged from -750 to 1,100 g, mean 78 g (95 % CI -13 to 70), 146 g (95 % CI (-36 to 329) in monozygotic, 32 g (95 % CI -90 to 154) in dizygotic, same sex and 69 g (95 % CI -122 to 260) in dizygotic, opposite sex twin pairs. The odds ratio for birth weight as risk factor for RA was 1.00 (95 % CI 0.997-1.003) when adjusting for birth length, birth order, and sex, irrespective of ACPA status. The odds ratio for developing RA as first born twin was 2.33 (95 % CI 0.97-5.60) when adjusting for birth length, birth weight, and sex, irrespective of ACPA status. In this twin-control study, birth weight was not associated with the development of RA in adult life. Being born first may predispose to RA.

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Korea.

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) belongs in the Brassicaceae and is widely cultivated in Korea for the edible leaves. In May 2011, Indian mustard plants of cv. Cheong-Kyeoja, growing in polyethylene-film-covered greenhouses in Hwaseong, Korea, were observed to be affected by a powdery mildew. Symptoms appeared as circular to irregular white colonies, which subsequently showed abundant hyphal growth on both leaf surfaces. Severely infected plants were unmarketable due to leaf discoloration, and most were not harvested. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Appressoria on the mycelium were well developed, lobed, solitary, or in opposite pairs. Conidiophores were cylindrical, 70 to 115 × 8 to 10 μm, and composed of 3 to 4 cells. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight to substraight, cylindrical, and relatively short (20 to 30 μm long). Singly-produced conidia were oblong to cylindrical or oval, 27.5 to 50 × 14 to 17.5 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.8 to 3.6, with angular/rectangular wrinkling of outer walls, and lacked distinct fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced in the perihilar position of conidia. No chasmothecia were found. These structures are typical of the powdery mildew Pseudoidium anamorph of the genus Erysiphe. The specific measurements and characteristics were consistent with previous records of Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex L. Junell (1). To confirm the identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of KUS-F24819 was amplified with primers ITS5 and P3 (4), and sequenced directly. The resulting 462-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC862331). A GenBank BLAST search of the ITS sequence showed 100% identity (462/462 bp) with those of isolates of E. cruciferarum from B. oleracea var. acephala, B. rapa, and Arabidopsis thaliana (GU721075, EU140958, and FJ548627, respectively). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently dusting conidia onto leaves of five healthy, potted Indian mustard plants of the cv. Cheong-Kyeoja. Five non-inoculated plants served as a control treatment. Inoculated plants were isolated from non-inoculated plants in separate rooms in a greenhouse at 18 to 24°C. Inoculated plants developed symptoms after 7 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was identical morphologically to that originally observed on the diseased plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. There are records of E. cruciferarum infecting B. juncea in Europe (Finland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland), the former Soviet Union, Australia, South Africa, and Asia (India, Japan, and China) (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. cruciferarum on B. juncea in Korea. Occurrence of powdery mildew is a threat to quality and marketability of this crop, especially those grown in organic farming where chemical control options are limited.

Study on the compatibility principle of opposite assistant drug pairs based on the data mining

Objective To investigate the compatibility principle of opposite-assistant drug pairs which come from seven aspects in prescription compatibility.Methods Based on the Access database,the opposite-assistant drug pairs which were collected from Compendium of Materia Medica,were analyzed by Enterprise Miner with the association rules to get the compatibility principle.Results The combined modes that frequently used included warm,pungent,spleen-cold,bitter,large intestine; warm,sweet,lungs-cold,bitter,lung; “warm,pungent,spleen-cold,bitter,heart; warm,sweet,spleen-cold,bitter,lung.Conclusion There was a certain relationship that mutually exclusive between the two opposite-assistant drug pairs,which can prove these drug pairs would reduce the efficacy of each other.. Key words: Seven aspects in prescription compatibility; Opposite-assistance; Data mining; Nature of Chinese materia medica

Animal Opposites: A Pop-Up Book by Petr Horáček (review)

Reviewed by: Animal Opposites: A Pop-Up Book by Petr Horáček Jeannette Hulick Horáček, Petr . Animal Opposites: A Pop-Up Book; written and illus. by Petr Horácek. Candlewick, 2013. 20p. ISBN 978-0-7636-6776-4 $15.99 R 2-4 yrs. Pairs of oppositional adjectives are partnered with Horáček's vibrant mixed-media illustrations of animals in spreads enhanced by pop-up elements. There's a dynamic range to the opposite word pairs, from standard fare ("quiet" vs. "loud") to more varied choices ("smooth" vs. "spiky," or "still" vs. "bouncy"). The animal selections are similarly varied, ranging from animals more familiar to toddlers and preschoolers, such as dog, lion, and rabbit, to the more exotic meerkat, gorilla, [End Page 96] and porcupine. While kids may be disappointed by the one spread that features no interactive elements, many of the pop-ups are stunning in not only their construction and positioning but also in the motion of their revelation. The "bouncy" kangaroo, for example, appears to literally bounce up and forward off the page as you open the flap, while the "strong" gorilla pushes himself, with his muscular arms, up off the ground and into an up-on-all-fours position as the flap is opened. Clues are occasionally offered on the flaps as to the animal that lies beneath—a brown-spotted yellow flap folds back to reveal a "tall" giraffe, while a length of spotted tail on a sky-blue flap announces the "fast" cheetah behind it. The pages are thick and sturdy, and the pop-up construction, though less durable than the pages, is still solid enough to hold up to a fair amount of use; little ones may need a hand in reassembling the final, oversized foldout of a large elephant to keep it in good shape. The large, high-contrast illustrations work effectively at a distance and up close, making this useful for both group settings and lap-sit sessions; the instructional content is strong enough for curricular use; and the striking animals and well-designed pop-ups will appeal to older sibs as well as to youngsters in the concept-book range. Copyright © 2013 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The Genetic and Environmental Structure of Reproduction-Related Variables: The Case of Fertility and Breastfeeding

Life history theory studies the evolution of traits related to reproductive fitness. Fertility and parental investment are key life history traits which, from an evolutionary standpoint, appear strongly interrelated. The aim of this work was to analyze the genetic and environmental structure and relationship of two behaviors associated with reproductive fitness: total number of offspring and mean duration of breastfeeding. A total of 1,347 women distributed in 239 monozygotic pairs, 236 dizygotic pairs, and 393 individual twins from opposite sex pairs provided information about their reproductive history. We conducted separate univariate analyses to study the sources of variance of both variables; and a bivariate analysis, with threshold liability models. The sources of variance for number of children and breastfeeding were best explained by a model including familial and unique environmental factors, being E = 0.54 (CI 95%: 0.44, 0.66) and E = 0.46 (CI 95%: 0.34, 0.61), respectively. The phenotypic correlation between number of children and breastfeeding was low but significant (r = 0.16, CI 95%: 0.07, 0.25). Familial correlation between these variables did not reach significance, but unique environmental correlation did (re = 0.20, CI 95%: 0.02, 0.37). In conclusion, results do not support the existence of a clear common structure for the number of children a woman has and the time she spends breastfeeding them, at least in modern societies. The relationship found was mainly due to unique environmental factors. More research on these and related phenotypes is needed to better understand women's reproductive decisions and how natural selection acts on the life history traits.

Computing Lexical Contrast

Knowing the degree of semantic contrast between words has widespread application in natural language processing, including machine translation, information retrieval, and dialogue systems. Manually created lexicons focus on opposites, such as hot and cold. Opposites are of many kinds such as antipodals, complementaries, and gradable. Existing lexicons often do not classify opposites into the different kinds, however. They also do not explicitly list word pairs that are not opposites but yet have some degree of contrast in meaning, such as warm and cold or tropical and freezing. We propose an automatic method to identify contrasting word pairs that is based on the hypothesis that if a pair of words, A and B, are contrasting, then there is a pair of opposites, C and D, such that A and C are strongly related and B and D are strongly related. (For example, there exists the pair of opposites hot and cold such that tropical is related to hot, and freezing is related to cold.) We will call this the contrast hypothesis. We begin with a large crowdsourcing experiment to determine the amount of human agreement on the concept of oppositeness and its different kinds. In the process, we flesh out key features of different kinds of opposites. We then present an automatic and empirical measure of lexical contrast that relies on the contrast hypothesis, corpus statistics, and the structure of a Roget-like thesaurus. We show how, using four different data sets, we evaluated our approach on two different tasks, solving “most contrasting word” questions and distinguishing synonyms from opposites. The results are analyzed across four parts of speech and across five different kinds of opposites. We show that the proposed measure of lexical contrast obtains high precision and large coverage, outperforming existing methods.

East, West: then, now

In the Bodega Kayzer I drink coffee and note down on paper oppositional pairs. Organized, right – disorganized, left; tolerance, right – intolerance, left; democracy – the replacement of democracy ...

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Garden Cress in Korea

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), belonging to the family Brassicaceae, is an edible herb with peppery flavor and aroma (2). This plant was recently introduced and is cultivated as an edible green under organic farming in Korea. In September 2012, seedlings showing typical symptoms of powdery mildew were found in greenhouses in Pyeongchang County, Korea. Symptoms first appeared as thin white colonies, which progressed to abundant growth on the leaves and stems. Infected herbs were unmarketable mainly due to signs of senescence and withering of leaves and mostly abandoned without becoming harvested. Two samples of diseased leaves were deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS Accession Nos. F27137 and F27150). Appressoria on the mycelium were well-developed, lobed, and solitary or in opposite pairs. Conidiophores were unbranched, cylindrical, 88 to 120 × 8.5 to 10 μm, and composed of 3 to 4 cells. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight to sub-straight, cylindric, 22 to 42 μm long, and generally equal to or shorter than the upper cells. Singly produced conidia were oblong to cylindrical or oval, 34 to 52 × 14 to 18 μm with a length/width ratio of 2.2 to 3.3, with angular/rectangular wrinkling of outer walls, and no distinct fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced on the perihilar position of conidia. No chasmothecia were found. These structures are typical of the powdery mildew Pseudoidium anamorph of the genus Erysiphe. The specific measurements match with those of E. cruciferarum Opiz ex L. Junell as previously described (1). To confirm the identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA from KUS-F27150 was amplified with primers ITS5 and P3 and directly sequenced (4). The resulting 554-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC414675). The amplified ITS sequence shared >99% similarity with the sequences of E. cruciferarum on several brassicaceous hosts (EU140958, FJ548627, and GU721075). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently dusting conidia onto leaves of five healthy potted garden cress plants. Five non-inoculated plants served as controls. Inoculated plants were isolated from non-inoculated plants in separate rooms in a greenhouse at 18 to 24°C. Inoculated plants developed signs and symptoms after 8 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Previously, the disease was reported in several European countries and southeastern Asia (Lebanon, Israel, Iran, Iraq, India, and China) (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. cruciferarum on garden cress in Korea. Since garden cress production was only recently started on a commercial scale in Korea, powdery mildew infections pose a serious threat to the production of this herb, especially in organic farming where chemical control options are limited.

Bīrūnī's Four-Point Method for Determining the Eccentricity and the Direction of the Apsidal Lines of the Superior Planets

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)In the Ptolemaic models for the superior planets and Venus, the centre of the epicycle is located on a circle (the so-called deferent), the centre of which is displaced from that of the Earth by an eccentricity e, but its motion is uniform with respect to the so-called equant point, removed from the Earth by an eccentricity 2e from the Earth on the side of the centre of the deferent. The derivation of the planet's orbital elements (eccentricity and direction of the apsidal line) requires observations of three oppositions of the planet to the mean sun, when the planet points to the centre of epicycle. A difficulty arises since the angles of mean motion of the planet between two successive mean oppositions are known with respect to the equant point while the angles of the true motions between two consecutive mean oppositions are measured with respect to the Earth, the centre of the deferent being located exactly between the two. Ptolemy, in the Almagest (X.7, XI. 1 , XL5), explains an iterative algorithmic solution for finding the two parameters.1N. M. Swerdlow, in 1987, published a detailed analysis of another method proposed by Jabir b. Aflah of Seville (fl. the first quarter of the twelfth century), based on the Latin translation of his Islah al-majisfi (Improvement of the Almagest), made by Gerard of Cremona in 1 175. The method is a theoretical alternative to Ptolemy's but, as Swerdlow shows, it is practically inapplicable.2 1 will here call it the four-point method, because it makes use of four oppositions of the planet with the mean sun. Hitherto it has remained unnoticed that this method is already found in al-Qanun al-mas'udi of Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973-1 048), 3 composed about one century earlier (apparently, during the reign of Mas 'Ud I, the ninth ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty of Iran, 1030-41). What follows is a complete description of the method as explained by Biruni supplied with some mathematical explanations.Biruni states that Ptolemy was able to determine the eccentricity and the direction of the apsidal Une of a superior planet by seeking out four oppositions of the planet with the mean sun satisfying the condition below. Figure 1, as drawn in the edited text of al-Qanun with the original lettering (except those bearing primes) transcribed according to the standard proposed by E. S. Kennedy,4 shows the deferent ABCGK of the planet about the centre D; E represents the Earth and T, the centre of uniform motion, the equant [point]. TE is then the eccentricity of the equant [point] and DE, that of the deferent; in the Ptolemaic context, TE = 2DE = 2e. In the four mean oppositions, the planet and thus the centre of the epicycle are located, respectively, at the points A, B, G, and K. Our author first explains the essential condition in the application of the method: the difference between the true longitudes of the planet in each pair of oppositions (A-B and G-K) should be identical: angle AEB = angle GEK. The trajectories travelled by the epicycle's centre on the deferent in each pair of oppositions should also be identical (arc AB = arc GK) so that the mean motions of the planet in each pair of oppositions are equal: angle ATB = angle KTG. These conditions may be formulated as follows: in the two pairs of oppositions, the planet's centre of the epicycle describes the equal arcs, AB and GK, in equal periods of time. Biruni adds that what we mentioned is the property of the two arcs on the deferent equidistant from the diameter of the deferent passing through the apogee and perigee. Then the point C that marks one of the two apses (here, the apogee) is at the middle of the arc BG between the two arcs AB and GK (the point O, diametrically opposed to C, is then the perigee). Our author had already proved (al-Qanun VL8)5 the two particular theorems treating of the relation between the true motion in longitude and the corresponding equation of centrum in the solar eccentric orbit. …

Complexity and intellectual capital in organisations

PurposeThis paper offers a framework based on the key principles of the complexity paradigm proposed by Edgar Morin to review what can be considered the dominant approach towards knowledge management, i.e. the intellectual capital construct. The purpose of this paper is to identify epistemological weaknesses to offer insights for the improvement of the theory and practice on knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachBased on the complexity paradigm and its dialogic and recursive principles, a framework to understand knowledge is offered comprising three interrelated requirements, each of which is based on a pair of opposites, arguably critical for the conceptualisation of a complex knowledge: order and disorder, whole and parts, and non‐logical and logical modes of thinking. This tool is applied to reviewing the epistemological assumptions under the intellectual capital approach, in order to find insights for further research on knowledge management. The task has an interpretative character and is carried out highlighting central aspects of the intellectual capital construct.FindingsAs a result it is possible to point out that the intellectual capital approach does not fulfill the complexity requirements, since it only recognises at the level of human beings their objective and functional aspects of knowledge, given by qualifications and other features that can be measured on the one hand, and driven a priori by a functional strategy, on the other. It ignores, in consequence, the more unstructured and disordered aspect of knowledge which, from a complexity perspective, is constitutive for the creation of innovative ideas.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is fully centered on intellectual capital literature. A complementary review of other less used expressions of knowledge management such as the construct of “communities of practice”, applying the same diagnostic tool, could enrich the conclusions and theoretical proposals.Practical implicationsA framework for the detection of epistemological biases is offered and used in this paper to study the intellectual capital construct, which could be also applied for other knowledge‐based settings. For business managers and consultants dealing with knowledge management, this paper can also give some insights for the improvement of their organisational interventions.Originality/valueA novel approach, the complexity paradigm, is proposed as the epistemological standpoint to improve theory and practice on knowledge management.

The Nucleation and Propagation of Threading Dislocations with C-Component of Burgers Vector in PVT-Grown 4H-SiC

Studies of threading dislocations with Burgers vector of c+a have been carried out using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography. The nucleation and propagation of pairs of opposite sign threading c+a dislocations is observed. Overgrowth of inclusions by growth steps leads to lattice closure failure and the stresses associated with this can be relaxed by the nucleation of opposite sign pairs of dislocations with Burgers vector c+a. Once these dislocations are nucleated they propagate along the c-axis growth direction, or can be deflected onto the basal plane by overgrowth of macrosteps. For the c+a dislocations, partial deflection can occasionally occur, e.g. the a-component deflects onto basal plane while the c-component continuously propagates along the growth direction. One factor controlling the details of these deflection processes is suggested to be related to the ratio between the height of the overgrowing macrostep and that of the surface spiral hillock associated with the threading growth dislocations with c-component of Burgers vector.

Combining Ability for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Line x Tester Inter Specific Hybrids (<i>G. hirsutum</i> × <i>G. barbadense</i>) for Confirmation of Heterotic Groups

The prime objective of cotton breeders is to develop new varieties with high yield and yield components. Present study aims to estimate general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for yield and yield components. The term heterotic group refers to a group of related or unrelated genotypes from the same or different populations, which display similar combining ability and heterotic response when crossed with genotypes from other genetically distinct germplasm groups. If two lines A and B are found to give potential crosses with testers T 1 and T 2 , it is possible to increase the genetic distance between these opposite pairs A, B vs, T 1 and T 2 by following population improvement scheme for improving combining ability defined in cross pollinated crops by introducing suitable changes to match the crossing system seen in self pollinated crops. The Line x Tester study was planned to assess the relative potential of the barbadense and hirsutum in developing interspecific hybrid combinations. The objective of this study was to determine the relative the 4 barbadense and 23 hirsutum lines. Barbadense were used as lines and hirsutum were used as testers. The ongoing study at Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad on evaluation of interspecific hybrids led to formation of a heterotic box of two barbadense lines DB 533 and DB 534 and hirsutum testers DH 98-27 (T 1 ), ZCH 8 (T 2 ), 178-24 (T 3 ) and DH 18-31(T 4 ). Among four barbadense lines positive gca effects for seed cotton yield was recorded by DB 533 and DB 534 confiriming the potential of these barbadense lines in developing productive interspecific hybrids. Among 23 hirsutum testers, four testers DH 18-31, ZCH 8, DH 98-27 and 178-24 exhibited good positive values of gca effects for seed cotton yield and were located among top ten testers ranks 2, 8, 1 and 7 respectively when compared to other hirsutum testers.

Combining Ability for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Line×Tester Interspecific Hybrids (<i>G. hirsutum</i>×<i>G. barbadense</i>) for Confirmation of Heterotic Groups

The prime objective of cotton breeders is to develop new varieties with high yield and yield components. Present study aims to estimate general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for yield and yield components. The term heterotic group refers to a group of related or unrelated genotypes from the same or different populations, which display similar combining ability and heterotic response when crossed with genotypes from other genetically distinct germplasm groups. If two lines A and B are found to give potential crosses with testers T 1 and T 2 , it is possible to increase the genetic distance between these opposite pairs A, B vs, T 1 and T 2 by following population improvement scheme for improving combining ability defined in cross pollinated crops by introducing suitable changes to match the crossing system seen in self pollinated crops. The Line Normal 0 7.8 pt 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE × /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:none; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Tester study was planned to assess the relative potential of the barbadense and hirsutum in developing interspecific hybrid combinations. The objective of this study was to determine the relative the 4 barbadense and 23 hirsutum lines. Barbadense were used as lines and hirsutum were used as testers. The ongoing study at Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad on evaluation of interspecific hybrids led to formation of a heterotic box of two barbadense lines DB 533 and DB 534 and hirsutum testers DH 98-27 (T 1 ), ZCH 8 (T 2 ), 178-24 (T 3 ) and DH 18-31(T 4 ). Among four barbadense lines positive gca effects for seed cotton yield was recorded by DB 533 and DB 534 confiriming the potential of these barbadense lines in developing productive interspecific hybrids. Among 23 hirsutum testers, four testers DH 18-31, ZCH 8, DH 98-27 and 178-24 exhibited good positive values of gca effects for seed cotton yield and were located among top ten testers ranks 2, 8, 1 and 7 respectively when compared to other hirsutum testers.

Face Space: Facial dominance aftereffects exist and they are not sex-tuned.

Event Abstract Back to Event Face Space: Facial dominance aftereffects exist and they are not sex-tuned. Rick Van Der Zwan1*, Elise Morris1 and Anna Brooks1 1 Southern Cross University, Psychology, Australia Background Interpreted for a long time as evidence for opponent processing, explanations of the mechanisms giving rise to aftereffects have matured to incorporate the observation that neurons seldom (if ever) are tuned for a single dimension: The array of neurons active in response to any stimulus captures a perceptual “space” describing the stimulus in the context of the observer’s experience. The dimensions of the space are reflected by the tuning properties of the neurons within it. In that context, prolonged adaptation to a stimulus alters the space such that subsequently presented stimuli are not "misperceived" as such, but perceived differently. With that in mind, aftereffects can again be deployed to investigate perceptual spaces. In the experiments described here face-dominance aftereffects were used to explore the multi-dimensional “face space” described by Todorov et al. (2008). In that space Todorov suggests there are independent dimensions for social qualities like facial dominance and trustworthiness. To better understand the dimension of dominance Experiment 1 was designed to discover if facial dominance cues give rise to “facial dominance” aftereffects: Can adaptation to a face at one point on the dominance dimension shift perceptions of subsequently viewed faces along the dimension? Experiment 2 was designed to explore the parameters of those effects. Specifically, Experiment 2 investigated whether or not facial dominance aftereffects are sex-tuned. Methods 10 female and 10 male observers were used. Observers adapted to female or male faces that had features consistent with being "dominant", "neutral", or "non-dominant". They then judged neutral faces as "non-domiant" or "dominant" in a classic 2AFC paradigm. In every case (each adaptation/test pairing) different facial identities were used to reduce identity confounds. In Experiment 1 adapting and test stimuli were always the same sex. In Experiment 2 same and opposite sex pairs were used as adapting and test stimuli. Results Experiment 1: Facial Dominance Aftereffects were observed. Adapting to a dominant face made a neutral face look less dominant. Adapting to a non-dominant face made a neutral face look more dominant. Experiment 2: The magnitudes of Facial Dominance Aftereffects were not affected by the sex of the adaptation/test pairs. That is, the magnitudes of effects elicited by female-female or male-male pairs was equal the the magnitudes of effects elicited by female-male and male-female pairs. Discussion Facial dominance aftereffects can be elicited independent of identity. That is, facial dominance is explicitly encoded within the cortex and is not tied to specific facial configurations. Similarly, it is not tied to the sex of the face. These data suggest that facial dominance cues and facial sex cues may map independent dimensions in face space. Theoretical implications will be described. References Todorov, A., Said, C.P., Engell, A.D., Oosterhof, N.N. (2008) Understanding evaluation of faces on social dimensions. Trends In Cognitive Sciences, 12, 455 - 460. Keywords: facial dominance, Aftereffects, Social cues, face space, social neuroscience Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: Sensation and Perception Citation: Van Der Zwan R, Morris E and Brooks A (2013). Face Space: Facial dominance aftereffects exist and they are not sex-tuned.. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00168 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 15 Oct 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Prof. Rick Van Der Zwan, Southern Cross University, Psychology, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia, rick.vanderzwan@scu.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Rick Van Der Zwan Elise Morris Anna Brooks Google Rick Van Der Zwan Elise Morris Anna Brooks Google Scholar Rick Van Der Zwan Elise Morris Anna Brooks PubMed Rick Van Der Zwan Elise Morris Anna Brooks Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Second Josephson excitations beyond mean field as a toy model for thermal pressure: exact quantum dynamics and the quantum phase model

A simple four-mode Bose–Hubbard model with intrinsic time-scale separation can be considered as a paradigm for mesoscopic quantum systems in thermal contact. In our previous work, we showed that in addition to coherent particle exchange, a novel slow collective excitation can be identified by a series of Holstein–Primakoff transformations. This resonant energy exchange mode is not predicted by the linear Bogoliubov theory, and its frequency is sensitive to interactions among Bogoliubov quasi-particles; it may be referred to as a second Josephson oscillation, in analogy to the second sound mode of liquid helium II. In this paper, we will explore this system beyond the Gross–Pitaevskii mean-field regime. We directly compare the classical mean-field dynamics to the exact full quantum many-particle dynamics and show good agreement over a wide range of system parameters. The second Josephson frequency becomes imaginary for stronger interactions however, indicating dynamical instability of the symmetric state. By means of a generalized quantum phase model for the full four-mode system, we then show that, in this regime, high-energy Bogoliubov quasiparticles tend to accumulate in one pair of sites, while the actual particles preferentially occupy the opposite pair. We interpret this as a simple model of thermal pressure.

Study on the frictional properties of micro-magnet arrayed surface lubricated with ferrofluids

Ferrofluids (FF) are stable colloids exhibiting normal liquid behavior coupled with magnetic properties. As a kind of lubricant, the most obvious advantage is that FF can be maintained in the desired position without any leakage by applying a permanent magnet. For the above characteristics, a kind of micro-magnet arrayed surface for FF lubrication was introduced in this article. The tribological performances of the surface were tested under plane contact conditions using FF as a lubricant. Flat SUS316 steel and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as opposite pairs, respectively, for their different wetting properties with FF. The experimental results show that compared with normal surface/PTFE frictional pair, the magnetic surface/PTFE couple expresses distinct friction increasing, while the magnetic surface/SUS316 steel pair presents obvious advantages of antifriction especially at high sliding speeds. The higher the surface magnetic flux is, the better is the tribological performance it displays especially at a higher sliding speed.

Ferromagnetic features of zero-bias conductance peaks in a ferromagnet/insulator/superconductor junction

We present a general formula for tunneling conductance in ballistic ferromagnet/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor junctions where the superconducting state has the opposite spin pairing symmetry. The formula shows, correctly, that ferromagnetism has been induced by the effective mass difference between up- and down-spin electrons. This effectively mass mismatched ferromagnet and a standard Stoner ferromagnet have been employed in this paper. As an application of the formulation, we have studied the tunneling effect for junctions including a spin-triplet p-wave superconductor, where we choose a normal insulator for the insulating region, although our formula can be used for a ferromagnetic insulator. Then, we have been able to devote our attention to features of a ferromagnetic metal. The conductance spectra show a clear difference between the two ferromagnets depending upon the method of normalization of the conductance. In particular, an essential difference is seen in the zero-bias conductance peaks, reflecting the characteristics of each ferromagnet. From the obtained results, we suggest that the measurements of the tunneling conductance in the junction provide us with useful information about the mechanism of itinerant ferromagnetism in metals.

Women managers to women employees: helping hands or competitive jerks?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference between same vs opposite sex pairings in the mentor‐protégé relationship when it comes to salary and levels within the organization.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 612 manager/non‐manager dyads with all non‐managers being female. The organization was located in the Northwest section of the United States and was a large Fortune 500 manufacturing firm. All levels of the organization were utilized from entry level positions to vice presidents to measure how women fared under female vs male mentors.FindingsWomen with female mentor supervisors earn less than with male mentor supervisors. The disparity is even greater the younger the protégée. If the trend shown in this research continues, wages may drop for women in high levels of the organization with same‐ sex mentees.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this research is the operationalization of a manager as a mentor. Supervisors were used as the mentor in most examples. Even if the participants in the study had self‐selected their mentors, it would still be expected that the participants would be successful. Another limitation to this research is that there was no direct assessment of the perceptions of the mentor/protégé relationship among the participants. More research needs to be done to understand why these trends were found which might include looking at personality traits, various characteristics, immutable traits, etc. Additionally, experimental longitudinal research should be done to arrive at a definitive conclusion. This research provides the impetus to study the phenomenon cross culturally, outside of the northwest and outside of the USA, etc.Practical implicationsThe practical implications for management may be that having women moving up the organizational hierarchy without the appropriate pay increase may save the company money in labor costs. But, as women recognize the disparity in income, they may request opposite sex mentors vs same sex mentors which may be a self‐limiting factor for organizations promoting women into higher level positions in the organization. Therefore, they may promote fewer women which would decrease their diversity efforts.Originality/valueMany researchers have reviewed the relationship between a mentee and a more seasoned organizational member. Formal and informal mentoring systems have been studied as well reviewing many variables. The research reviewing same vs opposite sex pairings in the mentor/protégé relationship demonstrates conflicting findings. This paper tests the result in salary and organizational level that the female protégé rises to if they have a female mentor vs male mentor.