Opposite Gender Research Articles

‘And All Is Semblative a Woman’s Part’: Japan’s All-Male As You Like It

ABSTRACT The practice of cross-gender casting, which has been a long-standing convention in Japanese theatre, has shaped the audience’s expectations of actors performing the opposite gender. Consequently, the audience’s lived experience in Japan is distinct from that of Western audiences. It is challenging to assess the kinaesthetic experience of viewers from different cultural backgrounds, given that the reception of a performance is influenced by culturally determined frames of reference. Traditional cross-gender casting relies on contrast, which may inadvertently reinforce gender stereotypes. This may be how the Japanese approach to cross-gender theatre is perceived, but the current cross-gender theatre is not constrained by the traditional forms of stylisation in male or female impersonation. Surprisingly, gender stereotyping and gender ambiguity/fluidity appear to be able to coexist in Japanese culture, which is reflected in cross-gender theatre. Following a discussion concerning the impact of gender representation in subculture and culture on contemporary Japan, I examine Studio Life’s latest Shakespeare production of As You Like It. It is noteworthy that this production does not reinforce traditional gender norms but instead challenges them, presenting a reimagined portrayal of female characters through the male body.

The impacts of same and opposite gender alumni speakers on interest in economics

This paper evaluates the impact of a series of male and female alumni speaker interventions in introductory microeconomics courses on student interest in economics. Using student-level transcript data, we estimate the effect of speakers in models which use untreated lectures as control groups, including professor and semester-year fixed effects and student-level covariates. Alumni speakers increase intermediate economics course take-up by 1.7–2.1 percentage points (9–12%). Students are more responsive to same-gender speakers, with male speakers increasing men’s course take-up by 36–38% and female speakers increasing women’s course take-up by 37–40% implying that the effect of alumni speakers is strongly gendered.

(Re)Looking at the Women of Indian Cinema in the Praxis of Conventional Rendering

Films significantly impact social consciousness as they have the power to shape opinions, influence perspectives, and contribute to cultural conversations. In shaping perceptions, films enable people to perceive certain issues, events, or groups of people from dissimilar viewpoints. This paper looks into the nuances of representation of Indian women in films, primarily in Hindi cinema, and how their portrayal differs when their identities are constructed by writers and directors of the opposite gender. It argues for an equitable position for representing women in cinema and highlights the role of intersectional relationships between race, class, sexuality, and ability for the same. With an emphasis on feminist film theory and its praxis, this paper traces the history of Indian cinematic renderings in giving agency to women in films and how the perspectives of women writers and directors seeps into their creations for a positive outcome, whereas the male centric industry hinders the proper portrayal of the lived experience. It finally advocates for an academic understanding of the lacunas that exist in the entire ecosystem and offers an expansive approach for devising actionable and sustainable solutions to the critical problem of representation.

Patient and Provider Opinions Regarding Chaperones for Sensitive Exams.

Recommendations for chaperone use during sensitive exams have been left mostly to individual institutions, despite a paucity of data providing guidance. The purpose of this study was to survey patients and medical providers on their attitudes toward chaperone use and explore factors that may influence these attitudes. A survey was administered at a single tertiary military medical center to providers and patients across multiple specialties, and further sub-analysis of the data were completed. For patients, sub-analysis was done for gender, age, history of sexual abuse, and clinic seen. For providers, sub-analysis was done for provider gender and training status. Before data collection, this study was deemed exempt from institutional review board approval by the Eisenhower Army Medical Center Human Research and Protections Office. A total of 319 patient surveys and 61 provider surveys were collected. Fifty seven percent of patients have no preference regarding chaperone use, 19% prefer having a chaperone, and 24% prefer to not have a chaperone. Female patients and patients with a history of sexual abuse are more likely to prefer a chaperone. Forty two percent of providers always use a chaperone, 79% are more likely to use a chaperone if a patient is of the opposite gender, and 43% select a chaperone based on the gender of the patient. Male providers and providers still in training are more likely to use a chaperone. The majority of patients do not have a preference regarding chaperone presence during sensitive exams; however, female gender and history of sexual abuse increase the likelihood of a patient preferring to have a chaperone present. These factors should be considered when creating an institutional policy regarding chaperone use. Future research should focus on homosexual and transgender patient preferences as this has yet to be explored.

Gender differences in online education

AbstractOnline learning resources have become extremely popular, particularly after the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 outbreak. In this paper, we use data for Spain at the individual level from an online math learning platform which is used by children from over 100 countries, to document the gender differences in the context of online learning. We quantify the gender gaps in effort and relative performance outcomes and analyze whether the gaps differ by the gender of the parent who mainly supervises the children. Our main results point toward significant gender gaps in the relative performance outcomes in favor of boys, while the evidence for the effort gender gaps is only significant when we compare the siblings of the opposite gender (controlling for parent fixed effects). Further, we find that living in municipalities with more egalitarian gender norms is associated with narrower or positive gender gaps in effort outcomes, while we do not find such differences in the relative performance outcomes. Taking into account the increase in the use of online learning tools and their progressive integration into the regular educational system, our results provide important information to minimize gender biases in these new settings.

Deciphering the enigma of Lassa virus transmission dynamics and strategies for effective epidemic control through awareness campaigns and rodenticides

This study aims to formulate a mathematical framework to examine how the Lassa virus spreads in humans of opposite genders. The stability of the model is analyzed at an equilibrium point in the absence of the Lassa fever. The model’s effectiveness is evaluated using real-life data, and all the parameters needed to determine the basic reproduction number are estimated. Sensitivity analysis is performed to pinpoint the crucial parameters significantly influencing the spread of the infection. The interaction between threshold parameters and the basic reproduction number is simulated. Control theory is employed to devise and evaluate strategies, such as awareness campaigns, advocating condom usage, and deploying rodenticides to reduce the possibility of virus transmission efficiently.

Grammatical gender in spoken word recognition in school-age Spanish monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual children.

This study examined grammatical gender processing in school-aged children with varying levels of cumulative English exposure. Children participated in a visual world paradigm with a four-picture display where they heard a gendered article followed by a target noun and were in the context where all images were the same gender (same gender), where all of the distractor images were the opposite gender than the target noun (different gender), and where all of the distractor images were the opposite gender, but there was a mismatch in the gendered article and target noun pair. We investigated 51 children (aged 5;0-10;0) who were exposed to Spanish since infancy but varied in their amount of cumulative English exposure. In addition to the visual word paradigm, all children completed an article-noun naming task, a grammaticality judgment task, and standardized vocabulary tests. Parents reported on their child's cumulative English language exposure and current English language use. To investigate the time course of lexical facilitation effects, looks to the target were analyzed with a cluster-based permutation test. The results revealed that all children used gender in a facilitatory way (during the noun region), and comprehension was significantly inhibited when the article-noun pairing was ungrammatical rather than grammatical. Compared to children with less cumulative English exposure, children with more cumulative English exposure looked at the target noun significantly less often overall, and compared to younger children, older children looked at the target noun significantly more often overall. Additionally, children with lower cumulative English exposure looked at target nouns more in the different-gender condition than the same-gender condition for masculine items more than feminine items.

Learning of Intimate Area Examination Amongst Pakistani Medical Students: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Study

Background: Intimate area examination (IAE) is an integral part of clinical examination skills and must be mastered by medical students before they start their careers. This study explores the experiences of Pakistani medical students regarding learning of IAE, the associated barriers and their effects on students’ learning. Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on a self-designed questionnaire, was conducted at two Pakistani medical colleges, which included final year students and postgraduate trainees. Results: During their undergraduate training, 74.9% of the respondents had not conducted a female pelvic examination, 51.9% had not examined a female groin, 79.7% had not examined a female rectum, and 72.7% had not examined a male rectum. From the 65 postgraduate doctors, 48.4% reported that they were not prepared to perform an IAE at the start of their clinical career. Regarding barriers to IAE learning, more than half of the respondents felt that the opposite gender of the patient (64.7%) and patient’s refusal (63.1%) had a strong negative effect on IAE learning. A high percentage of respondents reports that they were not taught IAE during their undergraduate years. Among the currently used pedagogical techniques, 71.1% of the respondents opted for real patient-based learning, followed by clinical simulations (21.9%), and videos (7.0%). No one thought examination should be taught theoretically. A significant difference between male and female experience in IAE learning was also observed. Conclusion: Learning of IAE remains unsatisfactory and poses a major challenge for the Pakistani Medical Students in the institutes included in this study.

Intimate relationships regulate female brain activity in a competitive context: evidence from EEG and functional connectivity analysis.

Competition is common in life, and intimate relationships are essential. Understanding how intimate relationships impact an individual's competitive process is crucial. This study explored the impact of competitor gender on female competition using electroencephalography analysis. The results revealed that females exhibited a smaller median of the absolute value of reaction time difference (DRT) between their partners and their competitors when their partners were absent compared to when their partners were present. Additionally, females showed greater average amplitudes of N2 posterior contralateral component (N2pc) and Late Positive Potential (LPP), increased activation of the alpha frequency band, and enhanced theta frequency band functional connectivity between the central parietal lobe and occipital lobe. Furthermore, when competing with individuals of the same gender as opposed to individuals of the opposite gender, females exhibited greater average amplitudes of percentage of wins and N2pc. A significant negative correlation was noted between the DRT and the average wave amplitudes of N2pc and LPP. These findings suggest that females are more engaged in competitive tasks when partners are not present and have improved decision-making when competing with same-gender individuals. This study provides evidence for the influence of lovers on female competition, helping females adapt to social competition and promoting healthy relationships.

Strategi Menghafal Al-Qur’an Terhadap Keberhasilan Penghafal Al-Qur’an

The aim of carrying out this research is to find out the strategy for memorizing the Al-Qur'an by alumni of the Amanatul Ummah Islamic boarding school quickly in completing memorizing 30 juz. The phenomenological qualitative research method is the research method used in this research, the data collection method uses the interview method. Interviews were conducted with alumni who are also memorizers of the Al-Qur'an at the Amanatul Ummah Pacet Islamic Boarding School. The results of this research show that the success of memorizing the Al-Qur'an cannot be separated from the process of memorizing the Al-Qur'an. Every memorizer of the Qur'an or resource person must have different strategies and methods. They struggle to be able to complete memorizing up to 30 juz (khatam). Many of the alumni completed memorizing the Al-Qur'an when they were in grade 12. Until now, they are trying to maintain their memorization. Not only memorizing, they also maintain the memorization that has been memorized by murajaah or repeating the memorized verses until they are fluent and not easily lost. Apart from memorizing and murajaah, the way to ensure that memorization is not lost is to take care not to commit sins, for example, such as dating someone of the opposite gender.

Increasing Gender Integration inU.S. Marine Corps Recruit Training: Policy Recommendations andRationales From an Interdisciplinary Study.

This article describes alternate models and policy recommendations created by an interdisciplinary team of researchers to increase gender integration at U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) recruit training. The USMC requested a study to analyze current approaches to gender integration at recruit training and provide alternate models that maximize integration, while continuing to train marines to established standards. USMC remains the only service that segregates recruits by gender at the lowest unit level (e.g., platoon) in recruit training and maintains gender-segregated drill instructor teams (i.e., same-gender teams train platoons of same-gender recruits). A mixed-method, interdisciplinary approach was used to capture multiple perspectives and informed recommendations and alternate models for gender integration. The team studied select USMC, army, navy, air force, and coast guard recruit training locations, between June and November 2021. At each site, the team collected qualitative, quantitative, and administrative data as well as physical performance metrics and human performance outcomes. Study participants included recruits, drill instructors, training cadre, service leaders, and subject matter experts on gender integration in military services. Each alternate model was designed to maximize the feasibility of implementation within current USMC training conditions. The research team developed three alternate models and several policy recommendations. Alternate model 1 proposed a methodology for mixed-gender drill instructor teams within the Integrated Company model, USMC's current integrated training model. Alternate model 2 proposed an Integrated Company Plus model which increases the number and types of gender-integrated training events at or below the platoon level within the Integrated Company model. Alternate model 3 outlined an integrated platoon model where recruits fall out into integrated training platoons after their morning routine, with two options of varying integration based on USMC priorities for integration. The team also proposed a set of policy recommendations independent of the three alternate models to support current and future gender integration efforts at the Marine Corps Recruit Depots. Gender-integrated military training has been shown to positively alter perceptions and evaluations of women in military settings over detrimental aspects developed by gender-segregated training. The study team recommended USMC train recruits in the Integrated Company model with mixed-gender drill instructor teams (alternate model 1) and integrate more training events following the priority tiers outlined in the Integrated Company plus model (alternate model 2). The combined execution of these two alternate models would provide USMC recruits increased exposure to direct, sustained training from opposite-gender drill instructors and deliver intentional training opportunities for male and female recruits to work together and interact in meaningful ways. The integrated platoon model (alternate model 3) would offer USMC recruits the most direct exposure to training and working with members of the opposite gender, but it requires substantial changes to current logistics, accountability, and training procedures.

Perception and Acceptance of Male Midwives Among Pregnant Women in Selected General Hospitals in Lagos State

This research was carried out to assess the perception and acceptance of male midwives among pregnant women in selected general hospitals in Lagos State. The objectives of this study were to assess their perception and acceptance; and identify the factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives. A systematic sampling technique was used in selecting three hundred and twenty-seven (327) pregnant women, but only three hundred and twelve (312) of them were validated for the study. A self-developed questionnaire served as the primary instrument of data collection for the study, and the data collected were analyzed and presented on frequency/percentage tables and bar chart(s) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and Microsoft Excel version 2010. The findings revealed an overall positive perception and good level of acceptance of male midwives among them. The factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives were availability and accessibility of male midwives (67.6%); communication and trust (64.4%); trust in the competence of male midwives (64.1%); peer and family influence (63.5%); personal comfort level with opposite gender healthcare providers (62.8%); personal beliefs and preferences (62.8%); emotional support (60.9%); availability of information and education about male midwives (60.3%); cultural beliefs and norms (59.9%); religious beliefs and practices (58.7%); and previous experiences (52.6%). The study found a significant relationship between their perception and acceptance of male midwives (p < .05); between their age and factors influencing acceptance of male midwives (p < .05). Based on these findings, the study concluded that there is a need to ensure consistency and improvement in their knowledge and perception through proper evaluation and amelioration of the factors influencing their acceptance of male midwives.

Gender and Mentorship in Military Medicine: A Survey Study.

Mentorship is essential for professional development and advancement within the military. In civilian medicine, the intersection between gender and mentorship holds important implications for research opportunities, academic success, and career progression. However, the intersection of gender and mentorship has not yet been explored within the field of military medicine. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the role of gender in mentorship within the field of military medicine. We investigated gender and mentorship within military medicine by developing and distributing a 16-item Likert survey to active-duty military physicians. We used the Chi-squared test of independence and the independent samples t-test to examine the role of gender in mentorship among the 16 questions. The male respondents reported more same-gender mentors than females (male [M]: 61.9% vs. female [F]: 33.0%), whereas the female respondents had significantly more mentors of the opposite gender than males (M: 12.4% vs. F: 47.3%). A higher proportion of males indicated no preference compared to females. Conversely, a significant preference for a same-sex mentor was expressed by female respondents compared to male respondents (M: 5.2% vs. F: 30.1%). In contrast, female respondents considered having a mentor more important than their male counterparts (t(206) = -2.26, P = .012, F: 3.86 vs. M: 3.57). Both male and female respondents had significantly more female mentees ($\chi _{\left( 1 \right)}^2$ = 12.92, P < .001, Cramer's V = 0.254). While the female participants in our study preferred female mentors, the male participants had more same-gender mentors than the female participants. In addition, more females reported that they did not have the time to be mentored. Our results, therefore, suggest that training males to be better mentors to females and providing accessible mentorship training to females may promote equitable career development within military medicine.

The Effect of Watching Turkish Series on Gender Harmony in Jordanian Society

The Effect of Watching Turkish Series on Gender Harmony in Jordanian Society

Assessment of Gender Differences in Letters of Recommendation for Physical Therapy Residency Applications.

Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an integral component of physical therapy residency applications. Identifying the influence of applicant and writer gender in LOR will help identify whether potential implicit gender bias exists in physical therapy residency application processes. Several medical and surgical residency education programs have reported positive, neutral, or negative LOR female gender bias among applicants and writers. Little research exists on gender differences in LOR to physical therapy education programs or physical therapy residency programs. Seven hundred sixty-eight LOR were analyzed from 256 applications to 3 physical therapy residency programs (neurologic, orthopaedic, sports) at one institution from 2014 to 2020. Thematic categories were developed to identify themes in a sample of LOR. Associations between writer and applicant gender were analyzed using summary statistics, word counts, thematic and psycholinguistic extraction, and rule-based and deep learning Natural Language Processing . No significant difference in LOR word counts were found based on writer or applicant gender. Increased word counts were seen in sports residency LOR compared with the orthopaedic residency. Thematic analysis showed LOR gender differences with male applicants receiving more positive generalized recommendations and female applicants receiving more comments regarding interpersonal relationship skills. No thematic or psycholinguistic gender differences were seen by LOR writer. Male applicants were 1.9 times more likely to select all male LOR writers, whereas female applicants were 2.1 times more likely to choose all female LOR writers. Gender differences in LORs for physical therapy residencies were found using a comprehensive Natural Language Processing approach that identified both a positive recommendation male applicant gender bias and a positive interpersonal relationship skill female applicant gender bias. Applicants were not harmed nor helped by selecting LOR writers of the opposite gender. Admissions committees and LOR writers should be mindful of potential implicit gender biases in LOR submitted to physical therapy residency programs.

430 Academic Productivity of Neurosurgical Trainees Is Associated With Productivity of Gender Concordant Faculty

INTRODUCTION: Mentorship disparity is a commonly cited barrier to female neurosurgery trainees. The extent to which gender concordance with faculty impacts trainees’ academic productivity is underexplored. METHODS: The website of each ACGME accredited neurological surgery residency program was queried to identify the name and gender of all current (2022-2023) neurosurgical residents and academic faculty. Academic productivity, defined as the number of publications per person between 2021-2023 in 15 neurosurgery journals, was compiled into an original database. For each program, the average number of publications per female and male faculty and resident were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 959 faculty (female: 121, 12.6%) and 790 residents (female: 179, 22.7%) across 112 programs were identified. Forty (38%) programs had no female faculty; 32% had no female residents. The absence of female faculty was not statistically associated with the absence of female residents. In programs with only male faculty, academic productivity of male attendings was negatively associated with that of female residents (-0.47, p 0.0104). CONCLUSIONS: Academic productivity of male faculty correlates with productivity of male residents in their program; this relationship is not observed between faculty and residents of opposite genders. In programs with only male faculty, faculty productivity is inversely correlated with productivity of female residents. These findings reveal limited collaboration between residents and faculty of the opposite gender as a potential barrier to academic productivity. Furthermore, efforts to promote effective cross-sex collaboration could increase productivity for all members of neurosurgery divisions.

Influence of gender stereotypes on the socialization of the children of older preschool age

Within the framework of the theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical sources, the content and essence of the concepts “gender”, “gender socialization”, “gender sociability”, “gender stereotypes” were clarified and pedagogical conditions, namely: organization of an effective subject-playing area of the group for meaningful enriching the experience of gender communication in the children’s team; stimulation of the interaction of different gender subjects in a single social-and-developmental educational environment of a preschool educational institution; presence of positive incentives for interaction in a mixed-gender group as a factor in the formation of a child’s gender competence were determined. It was proven that their implementation was ensured through an optimal combination of effective forms and methods of working with children of older preschool age, aimed at the formation of gender socialization, culture of relationships with peers of the same and opposite gender, a tolerant attitude towards them, and ability to establish friendly partner relationships. Specified pedagogical conditions were implemented at three successive stages: cognitive-oriented, organizational-targeted, activity-directive, using the following forms and methods of work as: a series of games, exercises, conversations, communication, work in nature, method of problem situations aimed at raising children’s awareness of gender roles.

Leveraging Opposite Gender Interaction Ratio as a Path towards Fairness in Online Dating Recommendations Based on User Sexual Orientation

Online dating platforms have gained widespread popularity as a means for individuals to seek potential romantic relationships. While recommender systems have been designed to improve the user experience in dating platforms by providing personalized recommendations, increasing concerns about fairness have encouraged the development of fairness-aware recommender systems from various perspectives (e.g., gender and race). However, sexual orientation, which plays a significant role in finding a satisfying relationship, is under-investigated. To fill this crucial gap, we propose a novel metric, Opposite Gender Interaction Ratio (OGIR), as a way to investigate potential unfairness for users with varying preferences towards the opposite gender. We empirically analyze a real online dating dataset and observe existing recommender algorithms could suffer from group unfairness according to OGIR. We further investigate the potential causes for such gaps in recommendation quality, which lead to the challenges of group quantity imbalance and group calibration imbalance. Ultimately, we propose a fair recommender system based on re-weighting and re-ranking strategies to respectively mitigate these associated imbalance challenges. Experimental results demonstrate both strategies improve fairness while their combination achieves the best performance towards maintaining model utility while improving fairness.

Exploring transgender transition and food socialization

ABSTRACT Food and eating habits contribute to gender differentiation. This article aims to empirically explore gender and food-related socialization of transgender individuals. We contemplate food and gender socialization of transgender individuals as an ongoing, productive process across the life course. To investigate food habits of transgender individuals four biographical interviews were conducted with trans persons. The empirical results show that trans persons orient themselves toward the social ideas concerning their lived gender. During primary socialization through the family, the sex assigned at birth initially manifests itself in the adaptation of socially normed sets of rules regarding gender and eating habits. During the transition to the opposite gender, food serves as a means of creating a gendered body that corresponds to the social ideals of a female or male body. Accordingly, food is a means of expressing conformity to societal ideas of gender. With our first insights we explore possible avenues for future research into transgender food cultures. For example, the congruence of inner and outer reality, but also the role of the body in food habits might need more attention. In addition, further food research could consider non-binary gender paradoxes.

Gender balance: A new lens for reading and studying the Bible, Part 1

This two-article submission suggests a new lens through which to read and study the Bible. This lens generates new perspectives for teaching, preaching, and writing about the Bible. Called gender balance, the lens applies to both the Old and New Testament.Gender balance not only is simple, but also is in plain sight. If there is a story, passage, theme, or text about a man, look for a similar one about a woman; if there is a story, passage, theme, or text about a woman, look for a similar one about a man. The accounts often not only complement each other, but also provide additional details and insights.Combining canonical and literary methodologies, these two articles acknowledge the preponderance of biblical references to men. However, they show that a similar reference to a woman can usually be found quickly.Given that these two articles represent a survey with examples, an extensive exegesis is not provided. Comments on each gender balance entry are brief and framed in supplemental scholarship. The examples incorporate a conscious choice of looking for a similar story, passage, theme, or text about the opposite gender. The examples illustrate the premise that gender balance is clearly within the Scriptures.While a new way, a new lens of looking at the Bible, is presented, the first article supplies an extensive literature review showing it is a new idea. It then proceeds with examples of gender balance from the Old Testament and ends with a short conclusion and a bibliography. The second article contains New Testament examples of gender balance, a longer conclusion, and a bibliography.Contribution: The concept of looking at the Bible through a new lens – that of gender balance – may be both revolutionary and revitalising. It may be a tool for evangelism (for it consciously seeks to show stories about men and women); it may prove a more effective way to teach, preach, study, and write about the Bible (for it seeks complementary passages for both genders). These articles – by illustrating the concept through literary tools such as round and flat characterisation and literary categories such as epic tale – offer more ways to address the Bible’s wonderful diversity. These two articles advocate making gender balance a standard practice in reading the Bible. They illustrate that the lens of gender balance offers new perspectives and insights on the Bible. After all, it is in plain sight! Gender balance affirms the Bible’s glorious, wide-armed, concluding invitation to all – Jew or Greek, slave or free, rich or poor, male or female – ‘Come’ (Rv 22:17a).