Opportunities For Negotiation Research Articles

Innovation through the EIA tender: a case of Copenhagen metro and the SDGs

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a case where the SDGs have been integrated into the tender of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the construction of a new metro in Copenhagen, Denmark. The case gives insight into the impact that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can have on three phases of the EIA, namely i. pre-tender, ii. tender, and iii. post-tender process. By using the theoretical framework, ‘spaces for practice’ and action research, the study uses instances of collaboration between actors to understand how an EIA process responds to the introduction of new demands through the EIA tender. The study shows that incorporating SDGs as a part of the EIA tender can be a way of introducing innovations and new methodological approaches to EIA practice and reorienting conventional practices to provide greater opportunity for actor engagement, coordination, and negotiation, with the potential to drive EIA in more goal-orientated directions. In addition, the new spaces for stakeholder interactions have provided opportunities for collaborating on a commonly agreed approach towards SDG-integration, determining the appropriate scope of SDG relevance, and negotiating the role that SDGs should have in the forthcoming EIA process for the Copenhagen Metro project.

ОБЛІК І ВНУТРІШНІЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЗА РОЗРАХУНКАМИ З КОНТРАГЕНТАМИ

Accounting for a company's obligations in settlements with counterparties is an important and complex part of accounting that affects the company's material interests. This area of accounting is mandatory for any company and requires great attention and accuracy to ensure timely settlements. The article concludes that inventorying a company's obligations in settlements with counterparties is an effective tool that can be used in various cases depending on the circumstances and purpose of the operation. Additionally, inventorying is an effective tool for verifying the accuracy of debt accounting with suppliers and determining the actual state of settlements. It can also be a useful tool for reconciling debts with suppliers and reducing potential misunderstandings or conflicts. During inventorying, opportunities for cost optimization and negotiations with suppliers to reduce costs or revise payment terms can be identified. Furthermore, inventorying can be used as a basis for discussing new delivery terms or expanding credit lines with suppliers if the company plans to negotiate. It is also a useful tool for identifying overdue payments and developing strategies to reduce them. Digitizing the internal control of a company's obligations in settlements with counterparties through a digital platform contributes to increasing the efficiency of the procurement process. The proposed methodology aims to create an integrated internal control system that includes the following aspects: ensuring the availability of information channels, system interfaces, their accuracy, timeliness, and security; ensuring the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, and security of transaction processing within business processes, information channels, and system interfaces; ensuring information security and confidentiality control in accordance with legal requirements and internal standards, etc. The methodology aims to create a comprehensive internal control system that includes ensuring the proper functioning of information channels, system interfaces, transaction processing, information security, and confidentiality control, as well as risk management and ensuring the continuity of organizational activities.

Universal Heater Industries: managing conflict with a distributor

Learning outcomes This case study exposes students to conflicts with distributors, escalated scenarios of a trade association and the possible repercussions of such a scenario. Upon completion of this case study, the students will be able to understand the critical success factors for a distribution setup and alignment of channels for driving growth; understand and manage the power dynamics with a stakeholder, like trade associations, distribution reach, fallacies in managing the distributors and identifying the gaps; critically evaluate negotiation opportunities when a trade association is not directly related to the principal organization. Case overview/synopsis This case study showcased a conflict between the distributor and Universal Heater Industries (UHI), a leading player in the water heater business in India. In 2015, the global leadership of UHI identified India as an emerging market and undertook a complete management overhaul to implement a new growth plan. Several measures were put in place that leveraged the global product portfolio and new people were appointed to push the agenda. Manish Singhal, the national sales head of UHI, selected Kerala as the pilot state to implement the new plan. However, the projects failed, as the distributor escalated the treatment meted out by UHI to the Electrical Trade Association (ETA). Trade associations have had a history of playing truant with players like UHI, and because of this, business came to a complete halt. The UHI and ETA teams met once; however, the suggested closure by ETA needed to be aligned with UHI’s interests. Singhal’s dilemma deepened, and they had to decide the next steps. Complexity academic level This case study is suitable for a postgraduate marketing course in a segment on managing channels, intermediaries, distribution management and channel conflicts. The uniqueness of this case is in the dimension of the trade association and managing the stakeholders. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS8: Marketing.

Trade And Decarbonization: Opportunities and Challenges

Trade and decarbonization are two inseparable things. Both primary legal issues are the gap between environmental protection and its implementation as a covert protection instrument. The relevant rules are Article XX GATT, and the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement which have multiple interpretations. This research used a normative approach that focuses on legal materials. The results showed that decarbonization and trade still require strong policies from WTO countries. Implementation of Article XX GATT and TBT Agreement related to decarbonization is determined through decisions in Appellate Body. WTO policy reformulation relating to the application of the principles of sustainable development requires a special agreement while taking into account the principle of special treatment for developing countries. This effort is to create justice and legal certainty. Opportunities for multilateral negotiation are still open, while the challenge is a gap between developed and developing countries.

The UN Security Council's Mandate and Its Future Development: An Analysis Based on Law Governing International Organizations

After the Second World War, the world adhered to an international order embodied by the United Nations, which regulated interstate disputes, upheld peace, and encouraged international cooperation in areas like economic development, justice, children's welfare, and food security. One of the most important United Nations bodies is the Security Council, which has the authority to propose binding resolutions to uphold international peace and security. Some contend that the current United Nations model has only played a minimal and limited role, despite the fact that the United Nations was initially founded to achieve long-lasting global peace through cooperation. Their concerns include the legality of Council resolutions, the abuse of the veto, and its unfair consequences, among other things. The normative analysis of United Nations conventions and some Security Council regulatory documents is the primary method used to discuss both of these problems in this article. The paper makes the argument that even though the Security Council has been "paralyzed" for a while in incidents like the Russia-Ukraine conflict, it has at least given countries the opportunity for negotiation and has significantly contributed to ensuring the most stable possible international social order. In order to accomplish the objective of maintaining global security and peace, reform may lead to the Council's jurisdiction being further expanded or the duties of the other United Nations bodies being increased.

Tibetan buddhist monastery-based rangeland governance in Amdo Tibet, China

The conventional understanding of governance highlights the state’s coercive and formal mechanisms. However, the everyday political control of the state is informal and ambiguous, and powerful civil societies strengthen resource governance through interactions between civil society, social organisations, and governments. In the case of pastoral Golok, China, the role of the local state is highly mediated by the power of the monastery and the monastic organisation, and much of the opportunities for compromise, negotiation and resistance on rangeland utilisation emerge from the ambiguities of land control, and different overlapping claims can be made through competing discourses on development and conservation.This paper applies a governance lens through the notion of assemblage to explore the roles of monasteries in rangeland governance. Multi cases were collected through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observation as part of long-term ethnographic studies in 2020–2021. The study finds that monasteries in pastoral Golok provide room for manovre, shape the values and directions of resource governance, and the existence of monastic network and mediation is essential for negotiation-based rangeland management and land policy. These findings provide a nuanced foundation for rangeland management, policy, and politics in the Tibetan-Chinese context.

Negociación, lágrimas y maldiciones: La fiscalidad extraordinaria en la monarquía hispánica, 1620–1814

Negociación, lágrimas y maldiciones: La fiscalidad extraordinaria en la monarquía hispánica, 1620–1814

Formation of Professional Identity in Pediatric Residents Working in Military Hospitals

Background: Professionalism is one of the basic attributes of a doctor patient relationship. During development of professional identity, doctors interact with their community which provides opportunity for mutual negotiation of identity and they keep improving their abilities. The development of this professional identity is a difficult skill indoctors working in Military hospitals. Aim: To explore development of Professional Identity in doctors working in pediatrics department of military hospital. Study design: Qualitative study based on phenomenological design. Place and duration: The study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital Quetta from Jan 2022 to June 2022. Methodology: All doctors serving in uniform in paediatrics department were included.In depth interviews were taken, recorded, transcribed and anonymized. Data interpreted manually, common themes originating from interviews were analysed and results formulated. Results: Six themes were found from transcript. Participants discussed about their professional life during service in military and road to gain professional excellence. Conclusion: Military residents working in paediatrics department have dual roles of serving the nation during peace as well as war and natural disasters. Keywords: Professionalism, Professional Identity, Paediatrics, Military.

THE POWER OF IMPENDING ZONING: Governance through Inaction in a Secondary City in Burkina Faso

AbstractA comprehensive zoning plan has been under way for more than a decade for an urban informal settlement in Bobo‐Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. In this article I explore the narratives and strategies of its residents in response to the impending restructuring, suggesting that the continual postponements of the zoning plan's implementation may be understood as constituting an elusive form of urban governance that relegates strategies of both resistance and accommodation to formal governance to the sphere of micro‐politics at the level of the neighbourhood. Urban governance is thus approached here neither as a set of formal policies nor through the day‐to‐day workings of the state bureaucracy, but as a much less tangible form of urban governance that is best studied through its perceivable effects instead of its stated intentions or institutionalized techniques. In the relative absence of the state in the everyday lives of urban residents, the main effects of the workings of the state bureaucracy in this context seem to be to discourage citizen involvement and to slow official procedures to a halt. I argue that the force with which impending evictions and yet‐to‐be‐implemented urban zoning shape residents’ outlook and opportunities for negotiation and mobilization constitutes a form of governance through inaction.

Approaches to reducing fragmented care in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other multimorbid conditions: A realist review

Introduction Fragmented care overwhelmingly affects populations with multimorbid chronic conditions, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, strategies to mitigate care fragmentation typically focus on singular disease frameworks with insufficient evidence regarding approaches for individuals with two or more concurrent chronic conditions (multimorbidity). This review explores the literature to identify the (C)ontextual influences, underlying (M)echanisms, and associated (O)utcomes of fragmented care prevention in SLE and other multimorbid conditions. Methods A realist review was applied to systematically examine literature, including the search of >1300 published articles focused on SLE and multimorbidity, continuity of care, and approaches to mitigate fragmented care. The analysis was guided by care continuity elements and organized by fragmented care concepts explicated by the MacColl Institute for Healthcare Innovations Care Coordination Model and further grouped for context–mechanism–outcome (CMO) configurations. Results Fourteen articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the sample to illustrate the relationship between C-M-O for approaches focused on fragmented care prevention. Favorable outcomes in mechanisms that produced positive responses to resources relevant to fragmented care prevention included 1) opportunities for exposure and negotiation within professional teams, 2) structured health education, role clarity, and access to adherence services for patients, and 3) awareness of workflow waste and use of clinical algorithms. Discussion Review findings suggest using a multidimensional approach to mitigate fragmented care in SLE and other multimorbid conditions. Multidimensional approaches should focus on shared decision-making, social support, social–cultural–economic factors, patient engagement, and technological infrastructure to support the complex care needs of the multimorbid patient.

Undue Influence versus Relational Autonomy in Clinical Decision Making #439.

Undue Influence versus Relational Autonomy in Clinical Decision Making #439.

Learning Progression–Based Assessments: A Systematic Review of Student and Teacher Uses

This systematic review examined evidence of the utility of learning progression (LP)–based assessments to inform teaching and student learning in classroom contexts. Fifty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed against four research questions. Evidence highlighted their potential for supporting judgments about learning, informing instructional and learning decisions, and improving teacher learning and development. Although 23 studies measured student achievement, reporting positive overall effects, only 6 adopted the experimental designs necessary for causal claims. Using LP-based assessment for formative purposes was well supported. Limited evidence was found regarding summative and accountability uses. Findings show that LP-based assessment design and use requires trade-offs relating to standardization and scale. Teachers need opportunities for negotiation when making judgments and integrating LP-based assessments into existing curriculum and policy contexts. Future research should examine student use of LP assessments and find a balance between standardization and customization to meet the needs of diverse learners and local contexts.

Datafication and Cultural Heritage: Critical Perspectives on Exhibition and Collection Practices

The increasing digitization and the emergence of new data-sharing practices change our understanding of how cultural heritage is defined, collected, and exhibited. We must pay particular attention to the ways in which digital interfaces curate history. Crowdsourcing, social media, linked open data, and other open science practices challenge the current practices of cultural heritage institutions, owing to the established structures between and within them and the character of the networked publics involved. However, such challenges also open new opportunities for wider negotiations of cultural heritage and rethinking what cultural heritage institutions and practices are. This special issue brings together scholars from different disciplines to provide critically and empirically grounded perspectives on the datafication of cultural heritage institutions’ exhibition and collection practices.

Treating, Preventing, Feigning, Concealing: Sickness, Agency and the Medical Culture of the British Naval Seaman at the End of the Long Eighteenth Century.

SummarySeen as a crucial historical step in the development of ‘modern’ institutional healthcare, eighteenth-century British naval medicine has traditionally been studied from the point of view of the state and of physicians and surgeons: naval sailors’ attitudes towards health, medicine and their own bodies remain virtually unexplored. Using official and personal sources, this article sketches a ‘patient’s history’ of late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century British ratings. Aiming to counterbalance Foucauldian interpretations, it highlights some of the ways in which individuals, even when apparently most powerless, confined in ships far from home, and controlled by rigidly disciplined institutions, could take responsibility for their health, successfully or otherwise, within, against or alongside the system. If the unprecedented administrative requirements of the French Wars strengthened and standardised top-down medical authority, they also brought opportunities for evasion and negotiation. This complicates established narratives of the relationship between modern medicine, the armed forces and power.

The (Im)Possibility of Agonistic Politics: The Belo Monte Dam and the Symbolic Order of Dispossession

This paper analyzes the struggle around dispossession in the context of the Belo Monte Dam in the Brazilian Amazon. The construction consortium dominated the process of dispossession with politics of non-recognition that assigned valuelessness to local ways of life and concepts of property. Aggravated by the prevalence of clientelistic relations that blocked formal negotiation opportunities, this induced a process of fragmentation and the precarization of many residents. However, some residents organized and offered resistance. Through performative acts of citizenship, they constituted themselves as political subjects and transformed the conflict into an agonistic struggle. Nevertheless, they continued to be dominated by the consortium and in their resistance forcedly legitimized its politics of displacement. This paper argues that consideration of the way politics, people and their struggle around dispossession and citizenship are entangled with the symbolic order is crucial for understanding and promoting political struggles and advancing agonistic theory.

L2 Proficiency Pairing, Task Type and L1 Use: A Mixed-Methods Study on Optimal Pairing in Dyadic Task-Based Peer Interaction.

While task-based peer interaction in dyads has been commonly practiced in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, how to pair learners in dyadic tasks has always been a concern of teachers and researchers. This study examined learner proficiency pairing, task type and L1 use by Chinese EFL learners in two dyadic speaking tasks. Thirty-six participants were paired according to their oral English proficiency levels into: same-level pairs (high-high; medium-medium; low-low), and mixed-level pairs (high-low). All pairs completed two types of speaking tasks—information-gap and opinion-exchange. Quantitative results showed a significant difference between low-low pairs and other pairs in the amount of L1 use. Low-level learners produced significantly more L1 words and turns when paired with other low-level peers (low-low) than with high-level peers (high-low) in both types of tasks. Qualitative analysis further indicated that the mixed-level (high-low) pairs produced more opportunities for negotiation of meaning than the same-level (low-low) pairs during the interactional episodes where the L1 served various functions. The study offers pedagogical implications for EFL teachers about how to optimally pair learners to maximize their language development.

The Mediation as a means to resolve administrative disputes

The purpose of the article is a scientific analysis regarding the understanding of the essence and content of mediation as one of the most effective means to resolve administrative and legal disputes, as well as the latest draft laws, developed by the Government of Ukraine regarding the regulation of the mediation procedure, are analyzed, as a result of which own comments are expressed and recommendations for improving their provisions are provided. The methodological basis of this article was the methods of scientific cognition, which are mostly used in legal science nowadays, namely: formal-legal, analytical and structural-functional.
 The historical and legal aspects of the development of the institution of mediation are being analyzed in this work. Based on scientific sources, the essence of mediation has been clarified and the mediation procedure as one of the promising means to resolve administrative disputes has been analyzed. The impact of mediation on the quality of resolving administrative and legal disputes which occur between the subjects of administrative and legal relations is also determined.
 The main principles of the mediation procedure are defined and characterized, in particular, such as voluntariness, confidentiality, "sincerity of the parties", neutrality. Proposals are provided regarding the intensification of the use of modern means of mediation during resolving administrative disputes. Emphasis is placed on the successful experience of a number of developed foreign countries in the researched area and the possibilities of its use in Ukraine. The authors conclude that the resolution of administrative disputes through the use of mediation is a quite effective means to resolve conflicts. One of the key advantages of this means is its voluntary and informal nature, which gives ample opportunities for negotiations to the disputing parties.

Not Just Surviving, But Thriving: Overcoming Barriers to Career Advancement for Women Junior Faculty Clinician-Researchers.

Although women attend medical school and residency at similar rates to men, they experience lower levels of academic career advancement than men. To inform national gender equity efforts, the authors conducted a qualitative study to explore potential gender differences in the career experiences of junior research faculty at a premier research institution. Focus group discussions were conducted among women and men junior research faculty at the School of Medicine at an urban public research university. Participants were early mentored career development award recipients (K-awardees). Two same-gender focus groups of nine women and six men were conducted. Discussions focused on two domains: barriers to maintaining a research career and facilitators for research career development. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti and content analysis methods. Both women and men identified a challenging funding environment, difficulty bridging the salary gap, and lack of institutional support as barriers to maintaining their research careers. Women perceived two primary barriers to their career advancement that were different from their male counterparts: They were more likely to feel undervalued at the institution and to experience significant strains related to both childbearing and childcare. Women also reported receiving inadequate mentorship, having poor negotiation skills, and experiencing a lack of negotiation opportunities. Academic research institutions should consider interventions that provide financial, emotional, and practical support to women research faculty, particularly during their childbearing and childrearing years.

Enabling conditions for community-based comanagement of marine protected areas in the United States

Comanagement is recognized, practiced, and recommended as an effective, equitable approach to place-based protection of marine resources. Despite acknowledged benefits and its potential for improved management outcomes, in the U.S., comanagement of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a relatively new approach, with limited applications. This paper reveals social, ecological and institutional conditions that enabled, or hindered, development of comanagement as an outcome of collaborative processes undertaken by community-based actors and state-based resource managers in three U.S. MPA case studies. A mixed method design, consisting of a literature review, in-depth interviews and document analysis was used to analyze MPAs in Hawai‘i, California and Florida where: (1) comanagement systems have developed between state government and community-based partners, (2) protected area boundaries and objectives are clearly defined, and, (3) marine habitat protection is a primary management objective. Eight enabling conditions were present in all three cases. Four of these conditions were consistent with preconditions identified in a published conceptual framework for comanagement arrangements synthesized from the literature and direct observations – an opportunity for negotiation, a legally mandated or brokered incentive, a willingness by local users to contribute, and leadership. Four more enabling conditions emerged from this study – connection to place, a capacity crisis, government willingness to partner, and a clear and just process. As managers strive to protect marine ecosystem function in the face of chronic environmental stressors and limited government support for environmental protection, applying these findings to leverage conditions that enable comanagement can help build community-based capacity to effectively manage MPAs.

Pedagogical translanguaging in community/heritage Arabic language learning

ABSTRACT This article examines the potential of pedagogical translanguaging in a community/heritage language context. With focus on Arabic as a multidialectal and multiglossic language, the paper primarily examines the function of translanguaging practices in teacher-learner and learner-learner interaction to construct and negotiate linguistic knowledge in the standard variety of the language. The results show that the learners’ linguistic repertoires (multiple varieties of Arabic and English) are actively and dynamically employed in the exchanges to negotiate linguistic knowledge (lexical and grammatical) in a setting that venerates the standard variety as a medium of instruction with a monolingual policy. Also, the results show how these multidialectal practices are sometimes utilised to acknowledge and give voice to the heritage learners’ dialectal identities. It is argued that community/heritage language learning contexts are ideal translanguaging spaces in which heritage language learners find ample opportunities for identity negotiation and knowledge construction. These opportunities are augmented in a classroom atmosphere that gives legitimacy to their dialects and challenges the monolingual ideology. Pedagogical implications are discussed for Arabic heritage and mainstream second language programmes with heritage learners.