Opportunities For Exploration Research Articles

Domainator, a flexible software suite for domain-based annotation and neighborhood analysis, identifies proteins involved in antiviral systems.

The availability of large databases of biological sequences presents an opportunity for in-depth exploration of gene diversity and function. Bacterial defense systems are a rich source of diverse but difficult to annotate genes with biotechnological applications. In this work, we present Domainator, a flexible and modular software suite for domain-based gene neighborhood and protein search, extraction and clustering. We demonstrate the utility of Domainator through three examples related to bacterial defense systems. First, we cluster CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) containing proteins with difficult to annotate effector domains, classifying most of them as likely transcriptional regulators and a subset as likely RNases. Second, we extract and cluster P4-like phage satellite defense hotspots, identify an abundant variant of Lamassu defense systems and demonstrate its in vivo activity against several T-even phages. Third, we integrate a protein language model into Domainator and use it to identify restriction endonucleases with low similarity to known reference sequences, validating the activity of one example in vitro. Domainator is made available as an open-source package with detailed documentation and usage examples.

Identification of a Potential Rare Earth Element Deposit at Ivanpah Dry Lake, California Through the Bastnäsite Indices

A groundbreaking remote sensing approach that uses three Bastnäsite Indices (BI) to detect rare earth elements (REEs) was initially developed using ore samples from the Sulfide Queen mine in California and later applied to various well-studied ground-based, drone-based, airborne, and spaceborne imaging spectrometers across a wide range of scales, from micrometers to tens of meters. In this work, those same innovative techniques have revealed the existence of a potential site for extracting REEs. Data from AVIRIS-NG, AVIRIS-Classic, HISUI, DESIS, EnMAP, EO-1 Hyperion, PRISMA, and EMIT were utilized to map Ivanpah Dry Lake, which is located fourteen kilometers northeast of the Sulfide Queen mine. Although this area was not previously associated with REE deposits, BI maps have indicated the presence of a site that has remained enriched in REEs for decades, suggesting an opportunity for further exploration and mining. Historically, a pipeline transported wastewater from facilities at the Sulfide Queen mine to evaporation ponds on or near Ivanpah Dry Lake, where wastewater may have contained concentrated REEs. This research highlights imaging spectroscopy not only as a valuable tool for rapidly identifying and efficiently extracting REEs, but also as a means of recovering REEs from supposed waste.

Molecular characterization of selected endophytic fungi isolate IDGG 3 leaf galing galing (cayratia trifolia L.) with the polymerase chain reaction method

Background: Endophytic fungi live in plant tissues and are usually not harmful to their host plants. One of the host plants for endophytic fungi is bush grape leaves (Cayratia trifolia L.). Objective: The research aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of the endophytic fungi isolates selected IDGG 3 of bush grape leaves. Methods: The test used the polymerase chain reaction method to determine the species-level characteristics using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 4. The DNA band was successfully amplified with 500 base pairs with 3000 markers. Results: The fungi isolates selected IDGG 3 of bush grape leaves in molecular identification based on the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis on Genebank NCBI that the IDGG 3 samples of bush grape leaves had a similarity level of 99%, namely Fusarium incarnatum JL5-2, Fusarium incarnatum JL3-4- 1, Fusarium incarnatum CBB-2, Fusarium incarnatum JL3-3, Fusarium incarnatum CBA-3, Fusarium incarnatum CBB-1, Fusarium incarnatum CBA-2, Fusarium chlamydospore, Fusarium cf. Incarnatum, and Fusarium sp. Conclusion: The results of the molecular characteristics of the selected endophytic fungi isolate IDGG 3 galing-galing leaves (Cayratia trifoliata L.) have the closest degree of kinship with the species Fusarium incarnatum JL3-4-1. The importance of the PCR method in the molecular characterization of endophytic fungi, as well as opening opportunities for further exploration of the biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi from Cayratia trifolia L.

Social Media Shadows: Unveiling the Hidden Struggles of African American Youth on Facebook

Abstract: While Facebook has become a central element of digital culture, its impact on the mental health of African American youth remains underexplored, particularly in relation to intersecting marginalized identities. Despite extensive research on social media and youth well-being, there is a significant gap in understanding how Facebook contributes to mental health challenges like depression and anxiety, especially for African American adolescents who experience systemic racism and discrimination both offline and online. This paper addresses these shortcomings by examining the intersection of race, socio-economic status, and the pervasive influence of social media on African American youth. Utilizing the Ecological Systems Model and Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), this study critically analyzes existing literature to uncover how Facebook exacerbates mental health struggles through online discrimination, cyberbullying, and harmful social comparison. Furthermore, the research highlights the underrepresentation of African American LGBTQ+ youth in current studies, emphasizing the need for intersectional approaches. Findings reveal that while Facebook offers opportunities for connection and identity exploration, it also intensifies mental health challenges due to frequent exposure to online racism and social exclusion. This study concludes by advocating for targeted interventions, including digital literacy programs, supportive online communities, and improved content moderation, to mitigate the negative mental health impacts on African American youth in the digital age.

To Touch or Not to Touch: The Role of Vocabulary and Object Exploration in Children's Attention to Shape.

Children's ability to identify relevant object features, such as shape, plays a key role in learning object names. However, successful attention to shape (shape bias) is dependent on other factors, including children's vocabulary size as well as opportunities for object exploration. The current study explored the combined impact of both vocabulary and object exploration on attention to shape and their cascading impact on retention of object labels. Here, 336 17-to-30-month-old children completed a Novel Noun Generalization (NNG) task and were tested on retention of exemplar name-object pairings. Children in a pre-familiarization condition physically explored objects before every trial; children in a no-familiarization condition did not. Vocabulary (via MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory) significantly predicted attention to shape, and higher rates of shape-match exploration yielded a stronger shape bias. However, object exploration did not impact NNG performance or retention, and children struggled to retain word-referent mappings. Though attention to shape is thought to support learning, exploratory analyses revealed that children's NNG performance did not predict retention. The results suggest that vocabulary significantly influences word learning processes but object exploration may not offer support. Future research should consider how task demands and other cognitive abilities impact word learning.

Academic Physician and Trainee Occupational Well-Being by Sexual and Gender Minority Status

Few studies have explored the association between sexual and gender minority (SGM) status and occupational well-being among health care workers. To assess the prevalence of burnout, professional fulfillment, intent to leave, anxiety, and depression by self-reported SGM status. This cross-sectional survey study collected data from October 2019 to July 2021, from 8 academic medical institutions participating in the Healthcare Professional Well-Being Academic Consortium. The survey, including questions on SGM status, was administered to attending physicians and trainees. Statistical analyses were performed from June 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024. SGM status was determined via self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity. Primary outcomes measured were the Professional Fulfillment Index (burnout and professional fulfillment), intent to leave, and self-reported anxiety and depression using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short-form 4-item measure. Of 20 541 attendings and 6900 trainees, 8376 attendings and 2564 trainees responded and provided SGM status. Of these respondents, 386 attendings (4.6%) and 212 trainees (8.3%) identified as SGM. Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM attendings had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (133 of 386 [34.5%] vs 3200 of 7922 [40.4%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (181 of 382 [47.4%] vs 2791 of 7883 [35.4%]) and intent to leave (125 of 376 [33.2%] vs 2433 of 7873 [30.9%]) (all P < .001). Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM trainees had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (63 of 211 [29.9%] vs 833 of 2333 [35.7%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (108 of 211 [51.2%] vs 954 of 2332 [40.9%]) (both P < .001). After adjusting for age and race and ethnicity, SGM attendings had higher odds of burnout than their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.27-1.94]; P < .001). Results for burnout were similar among the SGM trainees compared with their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 [1.10-1.96]; P = .01). In this cross-sectional survey study of academic physicians and trainees, SGM attendings and trainees had higher levels of burnout and lower levels of professional fulfillment. SGM attendings had greater intent to leave than their non-SGM peers, but trainees did not. These disparities represent an opportunity for further exploration to retain SGM health care workers.

Integrating servitisation into the halal supply chain: a roadmap for sustainable business growth

Purpose The limited existing literature on the future research direction regarding how servitisation and the halal supply chain interact motivates this study. The paper aims to integrate servitisation into the halal supply chain by proposing an integration roadmap for successful adoption in the halal industry. Design/methodology/approach The study used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method. Initially, 1,830 documents from Scopus and Web of Science were reviewed. After screening and refining, 1,241 documents remained. The authors then assessed these in full text, narrowing it down to 61 papers for the study. Findings The study discovered that the literature concerning servitisation and halal supply chains lacks essential conceptualisation, presenting an opportunity for exploration within the halal industry. Furthermore, it revealed that integrating servitisation into the halal supply chain can foster sustainable business growth and enhance customer satisfaction. Additionally, the study indicated that the interaction between servitisation and the halal supply chain may impact customers’ purchasing decisions and improve profit generation performance. Practical implications The study confirmed that integrating servitisation into the halal supply chain is crucial. The proposed roadmap aims to enhance the firm’s service delivery performance and impact customer purchasing behaviour through increased brand loyalty. In terms of industrial implications, the study offers guidance for industries transitioning to servitisation. The integration of servitisation in the halal supply chain can enhance efficiency and the ability to provide halal products that align with customer preferences and requirements. Originality/value This study suggests integrating servitisation into halal supply chains and provides a roadmap for exploring future research directions towards sustainable business growth. It not only offers thematic research direction but also practical insights. The roadmap can guide future research and development, enhancing business efficiency and customer experiences. This study reveals the potential of servitisation in halal supply chains and encourages further research on their interaction.

Development of Mosque Architecture in Islamic Civilization and Its Context in Indonesia

The mosque is a place to worship Allah SWT. Mosques have an important meaning for Muslims because they have a long history and are inseparable from the development of Muslim civilization. As a religious building, the mosque is a representation of the Muslim community that gave birth to and prospered it. Mosques evolve and develop dynamically along with the growth and development of culture in society, presenting two sides of the coin. On the one hand, this dynamic encourages the growth and adaptation of mosques to social and cultural changes. But on the other hand, it presents a problem in understanding the history of the mosque as a whole. The evolution of the mosque also opens up opportunities for deeper exploration of the mosque in order to understand history. By analyzing the development of mosques from various aspects, such as architecture, culture and social roles, we can gain a deeper understanding of the changes and development of mosques in various historical periods in the world and in Indonesia.

Research trends of biomechanics in scoliosis from 1999 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.

Despite the abundance of research on the biomechanics of scoliosis, there is a lack of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. This study utilizes bibliometric methods to elucidate the research trends and hotspots within this domain. The data for this study were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection and then analyzed using the open-source Bibliometrix R package and Citespace. The analysis encompassed 410 publications published from 1999 to 2023. There is a sustained increase in the number of publications within the field. Utilizing citation analysis and keyword analysis, the study identified key research focuses. Burst keyword analysis identified 19 keywords. The period from 1999 to 2023 has witnessed significant research attention on the biomechanics of scoliosis. The demographic shift towards an aging population has recently increased interest in ASD. Proximal biomechanical changes and transitional zones in PJK and PJF are hotspots in research, offering emerging scholars in this discipline valuable opportunities for exploration.

Enhancing Underwater SLAM Navigation and Perception: A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning Integration.

Underwater simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is essential for effectively navigating and mapping underwater environments; however, traditional SLAM systems have limitations due to restricted vision and the constantly changing conditions of the underwater environment. This study thoroughly examined the underwater SLAM technology, particularly emphasizing the incorporation of deep learning methods to improve performance. We analyzed the advancements made in underwater SLAM algorithms. We explored the principles behind SLAM and deep learning techniques, examining how these methods tackle the specific difficulties encountered in underwater environments. The main contributions of this work are a thorough assessment of the research into the use of deep learning in underwater image processing and perception and a comparison study of standard and deep learning-based SLAM systems. This paper emphasizes specific deep learning techniques, including generative adversarial networks (GANs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and other advanced methods to enhance feature extraction, data fusion, scene understanding, etc. This study highlights the potential of deep learning in overcoming the constraints of traditional underwater SLAM methods, providing fresh opportunities for exploration and industrial use.

Teaching and learning to support climate-neutral transitions: Exploring opportunities and challenges for interdisciplinary design courses

Students’ individual and collective learning processes in interdisciplinary teaching and learning activities that integrate prototype-oriented courses present an opportunity for further exploration. This is particularly relevant given the broader need for capacity-building to support climate-neutral transitions. This contribution draws on an exploratory workshop-in-workshop (WiW) approach to understand and evaluate students learning experiences in an experimental and interdisciplinary design course setting. This experience was embedded in the ENHANCE Alliance, a European network cooperation to innovate research and education in science and technology. The inductive analysis and results from the WiW approach draw upon surveys, group discussions, mapping exercises, and reflections with students. These indicate strong appreciation for problem-based and prototype-oriented teaching along with learning experiences as a part of their individually differentiated but collectively shared learning trajectories. The final insights acknowledge the method as an effective way to enhance instructor-student relationship dynamics and interdisciplinary opportunities. Future improvements to the interdisciplinary design format are discussed and highlight students' desires for open and safe learning environments that are more transdisciplinary in nature.

User Preference Maps: Quantifying the Built Environment

The built environment in which we live holds the potential to provide life experiences that allow pedestrians to observe, feel, learn, and grow through their surroundings in everyday urban spaces. If a city offers opportunities for careful observation and exploration according to users’ preferences, it will become more appealing to many people. This study selected Midtown, New York, as the research site and collected a total of seven datasets based on 30 intersections in the area. The data, categorized into three main areas—activity, comfort, and natural elements—were evaluated, visualized, and restructured using a path exploration algorithm to produce a final user-based map. For this, 3D modeling software Rhino version 7, visual programming tool Grasshopper, and Grasshopper verion 2023 plugin programs were used. The final result included 3D route information, quantitative measurement data, and multidimensional visual materials. This approach presents an alternative to traditional route navigation based on uniform criteria and, through data-driven design, is believed to ultimately enhance walkability, activate urban spaces, and contribute to the development of sustainable cities. The scope of related research can further expand as the targets, duration, and methods of data collection continue to evolve and as case studies in various cities increase.

Paradisiacal Travelers' Experiences Shaping Sustainable Tourism Development (SGD) in Sicogon Island

Objective: This study explores the captivating encounters that shape travelers’ perceptions of Sicogon Island's enchanting allure, providing insights for sustainable tourism development (SGD). Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in phenomenology, aiming to understand the essence of travelers' lived experiences on Sicogon Island. It draws on literature emphasizing the significance of subjective experiences, the interplay of natural and cultural elements in shaping destination appeal, and the growing trend of experiential tourism. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted, employing in-depth interviews and participant observations with 15 travelers who had diverse experiences on the island. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software, facilitating thematic analysis and identification of patterns. Results and Discussion: Five key themes emerged, revealing captivating encounters related to nature's serenity, cultural immersion, adventure, simplicity, and transformative connections. These encounters were shaped by the island's natural beauty, cultural richness, opportunities for exploration, unhurried pace of life, and genuine human interactions. Research Implications: This study offers valuable insights for sustainable tourism development on Sicogon Island. It underscores the need to preserve the island's natural environment, promote cultural heritage, develop eco-tourism and adventure activities, foster slow travel experiences, and facilitate authentic connections between visitors and the local community. Originality/Value: In exploring the captivating encounters that contribute to Sicogon Island's allure, this study can provide a unique perspective on the island's tourism potential. The findings can inform the development of sustainable tourism strategies that enhance the visitor experience while preserving the island's natural and cultural treasures.

Self-Assembly at Curved Biointerfaces.

Most of the biological interfaces are curved. Understanding the organizational structures and interaction patterns at such curved biointerfaces is therefore crucial not only for deepening our comprehension of the principles that govern life processes but also for designing and developing targeted drugs aimed at diseased cells and tissues. Despite the considerable efforts dedicated to this area of research, our understanding of curved biological interfaces is still limited. Many aspects of these interfaces remain elusive, presenting both challenges and opportunities for further exploration. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of biological interfaces found in nature, the current research status of materials associated with curved biointerfaces, and the theoretical advancements achieved to date. Finally, we outline future trends and challenges in the theoretical and technological development of curved biointerfaces. By addressing these challenges, people could bridge the knowledge gap and unlock the full potential of curved biointerfaces for scientific and technological advancements, ultimately benefiting various fields and improving human health and well-being.

Classification of Banjarese Hulu and Kuala Dialects in Banjarese Prose Texts

This research focuses on classifying the Hulu and Kuala Banjarese dialects in the prose text “Datu Kandangan and Datu Kartamina”. These dialects represent linguistic variations resulting from geographical, social, and cultural differences among language communities, particularly in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Language analysis methods such as Python Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK), NumPy, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Visualization (LyLDAvis) were employed to classify the dialects, involving data preprocessing steps like tokenization, punctuation removal, stop word normalization, and stemming. The research findings reveal the superiority of the "Naive Bayes" method over the "Boolean Query," achieving high accuracy in identifying positive examples and classifying texts into Upper and Lower Banjar dialects. The "Naive Bayes" method outperforms the "Boolean Query" with precision and recall values of 0.955563 and 0.956098, while the "Boolean Query" only reaches 0.021416 and 0.146341. This study makes a significant scholarly contribution to understanding language and cultural diversity in South Kalimantan, opening opportunities for further exploration in developing Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology for Indonesian regional languages.

Assessment of a Medical Student-Run Multidisciplinary Oncology Shadowing Program.

Clinical exposures during the first two years of medical school (MS1-2) provide students an opportunity for early networking, mentorship and career exploration. The feasibility and perceived value of an extracurricular, student-run multidisciplinary oncology shadowing program was evaluated in this study. At a single institution, an oncology interest group collaborated with oncologists to create a shadowing program for MS1-2 students. Three radiation oncology (RO), two medical oncology (MO), and four surgical oncology (SO) faculty participated. A quarterly sign-up form was emailed to all MS1-2 students with available shadowing sessions. Electronic surveys were sent to students (after shadowing) and faculty (after 18months of program operation) with multiple choice and 5-point Likert-type (1 = low, 5 = high) questions about their experiences. A total of 57 of the 97 participating students, and all 9 of the 9 participating faculty, responded to surveys (response rates 59% and 100%, respectively). Thirty students (53%) shadowed in RO, 23 (40%) in SO, and 4 (7%) in MO. Most students were very satisfied with their interactions with faculty (mean Likert-type rating of 4.14 ± standard deviation 0.85) and their overall experience compared to prior shadowing experiences (3.84 ± 0.85). Fifty-four students (96%) would recommend the experience to a classmate. Four faculty (44%) reported much more shadowing than before. Seven faculty (78%) felt the experience was best when residents or fellows were also present. All physicians planned to continue participating. This study demonstrated that a student-run, oncology shadowing program was feasible to implement, and viewed favorably by faculty and student participants.

Designing an Intervention to Improve Medication Safety for Nursing Home Residents Based on Experiential Knowledge Related to Patient Safety Culture at the Nursing Home Front Line: Cocreative Process Study.

Despite years of attention, avoiding medication-related harm remains a global challenge. Nursing homes provide essential health care for frail older individuals, who often experience multiple chronic diseases and polypharmacy, increasing their risk of medication errors. Evidence of effective interventions to improve medication safety in these settings is inconclusive. Focusing on patient safety culture is a potential key to intervention development as it forms the foundation for overall patient safety and is associated with medication errors. This study aims to develop an intervention to improve medication safety for nursing home residents through a cocreative process guided by integrated knowledge translation and experience-based codesign. This study used a cocreative process guided by integrated knowledge translation and experience-based co-design principles. Evidence on patient safety culture was used as an inspirational source for exploration of medication safety. Data collection involved semistructured focus groups to generate experiential knowledge (stage 1) to inform intervention design in a multidisciplinary workshop (stage 2). Research validation engaging different types of research expertise and municipal managerial representatives in finalizing the intervention design was essential. Acceptance of the final intervention for evaluation was aimed for through contextualization focused on partnership with a municipal advisory board. An abductive, rapid qualitative analytical approach to data analysis was chosen using elements from analyzing in the present, addressing the time-dependent, context-bound aspects of the cocreative process. Experiential knowledge was represented by three main themes: (1) closed systems and gaps between functions, (2) resource interpretation and untapped potential, and (3) community of medication safety and surveillance. The main themes informed the design of preliminary intervention components in a multidisciplinary workshop. An intervention design process focused on research validation in addition to contextualization resulted in the Safe Medication in Nursing Home Residents (SAME) intervention covering (1) campaign material visualizing key roles and responsibilities regarding medication for nursing home residents and (2) "Medication safety reflexive spaces" focused on social and health care assistants. The cocreative process successfully resulted in the multifaceted SAME intervention, grounded in lived experiences shared by some of the most important (but often underrepresented in research) stakeholders: frontline health care professionals and representatives of nursing home residents. This study brought attention toward closed systems related to functions in medication management and surveillance, not only informing the SAME intervention design but as opportunities for further exploration in future research. Evaluation of the intervention is an important next step. Overall, this study represents an important contribution to the complex field of medication safety. RR2-10.2196/43538.

Towards a digital preschool community: Applying activity theory to explore teachers’ views and use of digital tools in science activities

As a result of the increasing digitalisation of society, integration of digital tools has recently been made imperative in the Swedish preschool curricula. This study explores how experienced preschool teachers enact this task when teaching science. Thematic analysis of 13 teachers’ descriptions of why and how they integrate digital tools revealed that digital tools were purposefully used to simultaneously expand science learning and foster fundamental values according to the curriculum. Children’s perspectives, interests, and agency were foregrounded in all activities, and digital and analogue tools were combined to complement children’s various ways of learning and provide opportunities for creativity and exploration. The use of Activity Theory as an analytical lens showed that varying epistemological views within communities might cause tensions when experienced teachers pursue their visions of introducing digital tools. An implication of the study is that varying epistemological views and competences within preschool communities need to be resolved to pursue future digitalisation of preschool science at a larger scale.

THE ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (GEOAI) IN SMART BUILT ENVIRONMENT MAPPING: AUTOMATIC OBJECT DETECTION OF RASTER TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS IN MALAYSIA

Smart built environment mapping is integrating Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) to enable advanced analysis, pattern recognition, and decision-making processes. This shift in understanding, planning, designing, and managing the built environment is paving the way for a smarter, more sustainable future. This commentary explores the current role of AI in enhancing technology use within the geospatial field, focusing specifically on the application of GeoAI in mapping the built environment. Additionally, the paper presents a selection of case studies related to the implementation of AI in developing automatic vectorization, particularly for geospatial mapping in built environments. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for sorting objects in scanned, old topographic maps of the built environment. The findings of this study are valuable for making informed decisions, devising effective strategies, and identifying opportunities for further research and exploration within the dynamic field of GeoAI in smart built environment mapping and applications.

Hydrocarbon Potential and Basin Analysis of the Southern Permian Basin, North Sea: Evaluating Key Plays in the Turonian and Carboniferous

This research provides an in-depth basin analysis and evaluates the hydrocarbon potential in the Southern Permian Basin, North Sea, Netherlands. It employs a thorough approach, including interpreting well logs, analysing petrophysical data, mapping faults and horizons, converting time to depth, and calculating reserves. The study highlights two key plays: the Turonian play (Barremian Formation) and the Carboniferous play (Rotliegend Formation). Petrophysical analysis of the Turonian Formation shows porosity values between 8.9% and 16% and net-to-gross ratios ranging from 0.6 to 1.0, indicating variable reservoir quality with a 45% geological chance of success. In contrast, the Carboniferous play, which includes Rotliegend marine sandstones, has a 45% chance of success but benefits from better porosity and permeability than the Turonian Formation. The research produced time and depth structure maps, clarifying trap mechanisms and identifying potential leads. With its promising results, the Southern Permian Basin presents a significant opportunity for future exploration and development. However, the study notes several limitations, such as issues with power stability, the need for more 3D seismic data and missing logs like neutron and density for some wells. Addressing these issues by improving data collection and operational conditions is crucial, as it could enhance exploration accuracy and increase the chances of success in the Southern Permian Basin. It also highlights the potential for further research in this area.