Opinions Of Stakeholders Research Articles

Coastal landscape preference of residents and tourists according to the physical attributes and viewpoints of offshore wind farms as seen through virtual reality

The construction of offshore wind farms typically encounters two challenges: 1) conflicting opinions of relevant stakeholders and 2) localized attributes reflected in the landscape evaluation system. To solve these problems, this study conducts a virtual landscape preference survey for both residents and potential tourists. The 10 virtual offshore wind farms’ landscape profiles were established according to four attributes: the number of turbines, arrangement of turbines, distance, and altitude. As a result, residents and potential tourists were reported to hold opposing perspectives about changing the number of turbines, the arrangement of the turbines, and the distance, though they gave the same response about changing the altitude. However, the exposure time to offshore wind farms and the number of visits to coastal areas did not affect the landscape preference of offshore wind farms. The results indicated the importance of considering both residents and potential tourists. In addition, the definite change of preference for altitude explained the necessity of new attributes that reflect the situation of coastal areas. Last, using virtual reality with 3D simulations could improve the evaluation system of offshore wind farms by reducing the temporal and spatial constraints. Thus, the results of this study could be utilized to develop offshore wind farm evaluation systems, which could reflect the opinions of residents and tourists by considering localized factors.

Investigating Individuals' Preferences in Determining the Functions of Smartphone Apps for Fighting Pandemics: Best-Worst Scaling Survey Study.

Smartphone apps have been beneficial in controlling and preventing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a gap in research surrounding the importance of smartphone app functions from a user's perspective. Although the insights and opinions of different stakeholders, such as policymakers and medical professionals, can influence the success of a public health policy, any strategy will face difficulty in achieving the expected effect if it is not based on a method that users can accept. This study aimed to assess the importance of a hypothetical smartphone app's functions for managing health during a pandemic based on the perspective of user preferences. A cross-sectional and web-based survey using the best-worst scaling (BWS) method was used to investigate the general population's preferences for important smartphone app functions. Participants were recruited from a professional surveying company's web-based surveying panel. The attributes of the BWS questionnaire were developed based on a robust process, including literature review, interviews, and expert discussion. A balanced incomplete block design was used to construct the choice task to ensure the effectiveness of the research design. Count analysis, conditional logit model analysis, and mixed logit analysis were used to estimate preference heterogeneity among respondents. The responses of 2153 participants were eligible for analysis. Nearly 55% (1192/2153) were female, and the mean age was 31.4 years. Most participants (1765/2153, 81.9%) had completed tertiary or higher education, and approximately 70% (1523/2153) were urban residents. The 3 most vital functions according to their selection were "surveillance and monitoring of infected cases," "quick self-screening," and "early detection of infected cases." The mixed logit regression model identified significant heterogeneity in preferences among respondents, and stratified analysis showed that some heterogeneities varied in respondents by demographics and COVID-19-related characteristics. Participants who preferred to use the app were more likely to assign a high weight to the preventive functions than those who did not prefer to use it. Conversely, participants who showed lower willingness to use the app tended to indicate a higher preference for supportive functions than those who preferred to use it. This study ranks the importance of smartphone app features that provide health care services during a pandemic based on the general population's preferences in China. It provides empirical evidence for decision-makers to develop eHealth policies and strategies that address future public health crises from a person-centered care perspective. Continued use of apps and smart investment in digital health can help improve health outcomes and reduce the burden of disease on individuals and communities.

Identifying And Ranking the Factors Affecting the Cultural Excellence of The Higher Education Institutions, Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach (AHP-TOPSIS)

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the cultural excellence of university, using multi-criteria decision-making techniques in Guilan Province. The study is an applied that has an exploratory and descriptive nature. The statistical population includes 3663 experts, professors, and managers of the Islamic Azad University branches, Payam Noor University, and Guilan University. According to Morgan table, 331 people were selected as the sample size and the initial questionnaire was stratified-randomly distributed. Also, the opinions of 15 experts were used to evaluate the factors in the TOPSIS and AHP models. The instrument for data collection is researcher-made and standard questionnaires, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed through content validity, construct validity and Cronbach's reliability coefficient, respectively. In this regard, descriptive analysis, structural equations and AHP-TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making techniques were used to rank the research variables. The results obtained from the opinions of experts and stakeholders of universities using multi-criteria decision-making methods showed that "quality" with a weight ratio of 0.274 has the highest priority. Also, "Professional competence culture of professors" with a weight ratio of 0.185, "Imitation of the myths of universities" with a weight ratio of 0.116 , "Management model" with a weight ratio of 0.106 , "Learning" with a weight ratio 0.099, "regional participation" with a weight ratio of 0.060, "university communication culture with stakeholders" with a weight ratio of 0.043, "empowerment" with a weight ratio of 0.038 , "intellectual capital culture" with the weight ratio of 0.030 , "research" with the weight ratio of 0.026, and finally the factor of "disciplinary culture" with the weight ratio of 0.025 are in the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, the ninth, the tenth and the last priority, respectively.

Consideraciones para el diseño e implementación de las intervenciones para la cesación de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis en el embarazo. Un estudio cualitativo

ObjectiveTo explore the opinion of different key stakeholders regarding the requirements that tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis cessation interventions should meet to be implemented and to be acceptable and useful during pregnancy. DesignA qualitative study with phenomenological approach. SiteThe study was conducted in Spain in 2022. ParticipantsDecision makers, health professionals, pregnant women using tobacco, alcohol and/or cannabis and their partners who are also users. MethodsData were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews, until discourse saturation was reached and accurately transcribed. Exploratory analysis and inductive open coding were conducted, codes were merged into categories and subcategories were identified. ResultsFour categories and 18 subcategories were identified. The results suggest that interventions should be multicomponent. Among the interventions most accepted by pregnant women and their partners were specific cessation consultations, information, peer support (although they did not specify how) and financial incentives. Among other options to consider, co-oximetry, proposed by managers to obtain an objective register. ConclusionsThe conclusion is that this intervention should be carried out at the level of prenatal care in primary care. There are doubts regarding the frequency, purpose, and follow-up of this multicomponent intervention, as well as the possibility of incorporating couples.

The Effects of Stakeholder Perceptions on the Use of Humanoid Robots in Care for Older Adults: Postinteraction Cross-Sectional Study.

Efficient use of humanoid social robots in the care for older adults requires precise knowledge of expectations in this area. There is little research in this field that includes the interaction of stakeholders with the robot. Even fewer studies have compared the perceptions of older people (as care recipients) and professional caregivers (representing those taking care of older adults in teams with robots). The aim of this study was to analyze whether specific aspects of the perceptions about humanoid robots influence attitudes after interacting with the robot and to compare the opinions of different stakeholders (older people and their professional caregivers) on this topic. We analyzed the potential impact of the differences in perception of the robot between stakeholder groups with respect to how the robot should be designed and tailored to fit the specific needs of future users. We also attempted to define areas where targeted educational activities could bring the attitudes of the two groups of stakeholders closer to each other. The studied group was a conveniently available sample of individuals who took part in the presentation of and interaction with a humanoid social robot. Among them, there were 48 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years), who were participants of day care units (which may signal the presence of self-care needs), and 53 professional caregivers. The participants were asked to express their views after an interaction with a humanoid social robot (TIAGo) using the Users' Needs, Requirements and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ) and the Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS). Compared to the caregivers, older adults not only assessed the robot more positively with respect to its roles as a companion and assistant (P=.009 and P=.003, respectively) but also had higher scores on their need to increase their knowledge about the robot (P=.049). Regarding the robot's functions, the greatest differences between groups were observed for the social aspects on the UNRAQ, including decreasing the sense of loneliness (P=.003) and accompanying the user in everyday activities (P=.005). As for the GQS, the mean scores of the Animacy, Likeability, and Perceived Intelligence scales were significantly higher for older participants than for caregivers (P=.04, P<.001, and P<.001, respectively). The only parameter for which the caregivers' scores were higher than those of the older adults was the Artificial-Lifelike item from the Anthropomorphism scale of the GQS (P=.03). The acceptance of the social functions of a humanoid robot is related to its perception in all analyzed aspects, whereas the expected usefulness of a care robot is not linked to aspects of anthropomorphism. Successful implementation of robots in the care for older people thus depends on considering not only the fears, needs, and requirements of various stakeholders but also on the perceptions of the robot. Given the differences between the stakeholders, targeted and properly structured educational and training activities for caregivers and prospective users may enable a seamless integration of robotic technologies in care provision.

Potential Facilitators of and Barriers to Implementing the MINI Robot in Community-Based Meeting Centers for People With Dementia and Their Carers in the Netherlands and Spain: Explorative Qualitative Study.

Social robots, as a form of digital health technologies, are used to support emotional, cognitive, and physical care and have shown promising outcomes in enhancing social well-being in people with dementia (PwD) by boosting emotions, social interactions, and activity participation. The goal is to investigate the attitude of stakeholders and potential facilitators and the barriers to implementing the social robot MINI in community-based meeting centers (MCs) for PwD and carers in the Netherlands and Spain. Based on the British Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of the implementation of complex interventions and the model for tracing the facilitators of and barriers to the adaptive implementation of innovations in dementia care, an explorative qualitative study was conducted. Following the introduction of the MINI robot, 11 stakeholders were interviewed in 3 MCs in the Netherlands and 1 in Spain, as well as stakeholders in health and welfare organizations in both countries. In addition, 12 adults with dementia participated in focus groups. The data were thematically analyzed and narratively described. Overall, the stakeholder opinion and interest in the MINI robot were positive. The most important (expected) facilitating factors mentioned by stakeholders appeared to be human resources, funding, the impact of the MINI robot on the users and programs of the MCs, characteristics of the innovation, and collaboration with other care and welfare organizations. However, the (expected) barriers mentioned concerned the physical context and functionalities of the MINI robot, the user context, and MC activity policies. The findings will inform professional stakeholders, such as MC directors and managers, as well as care and welfare organizations, on the practicality of using the MINI robot in MCs. Furthermore, our research will aid MINI robot developers in tailoring its features to PwD's preferences and demands and MC policies, which will contribute to the MINI robot's effective adoption and deployment.

Opinions of Gastronomy Stakeholders in the Core Cappadocia Region on Wine Tourism

Bu çalışmada, Çekirdek Kapadokya Bölgesi’ndeki şarap turizminin, gastronomi paydaşları gözünde nasıl bir yere ve öneme sahip olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle, bölgenin şarap turizmi kapsamında neler yapabileceğine ilişkin öneriler sunabilmek mümkün olmuştur. Çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Paydaşlara 7 adet soru yöneltilmiştir ve nitel veri analizi yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; Kapadokya’nın iklim, toprak ve üzüm kalitesi açısından önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca paydaşların, bölgede şarap turizminin yapılması için yeterli olanakların var olduğunu düşündükleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun yanında turistik mekânlarda satılan şarap fiyatlarının tüketiciye çok yüksek geldiği ve bölgede şarap turizmine yönelik etkinlik, festival ve tanıtım faaliyetlerinde eksiklik olduğu ortak görüş olarak vurgulanmıştır.

Design history: Constructing a Korean identity in New Gwanghwamun Square

This study explores and critically discusses Korean “design history,” in terms of landscape designers' design strategies for constructing national identity using site history and memory. The achievements and limitations of the New Gwanghwamun Square (NGS) Project during 2016–2022 are scrutinized in this context. First, through a pilot case study, it examines the Seoul-specific socio-political contexts and categorizes the main approaches of design history, including imitation, materiality, form generation, and the function and principle of Korean tradition. Several strategies are observed in the main case of the NGS Project, such as the winning proposal of the NGS competition achieved to create a novel Korean identity through the restoration of a Korea-specific landscape, the reinterpretation of the structure and function of traditional Korean landscaping, form generation, and material exploration. The design history of the NGS Project included modifications during the post-design process for construction due to the opinions of different stakeholders, excavation and inspection of buried cultural heritage, and the election of a new Mayor of Seoul; thus, the initial design strategies were eventually not implemented. Instead, the constructed NGS renders the site's history as a static spectacle and does not embody the physical landscape design, thereby limiting visitors' experience to passive textual learning. Moreover, the picturesque visuals that represented the traditional Korean landscape in the proposal failed to be constructed and exclusively decorated long-existing statues with landscape elements, resulting in a Western-style indistinctive square. The present study can afford a case study for East Asian and international landscape and urban designers and administrators to construct their national and regional identities in open spaces.

Identifying Crucial Attributes of Sustainable Operation for Scientific Instrument Platforms With a Fuzzy Synthetic Cause-Effect Model

Scientific instrument platforms (SIPs) and their operation appraisal have received extensive attention in recent years. However, SIPs struggle to incorporate sustainability into their organizational strategies and implement it in their innovation and business activities to improve their performance levels. This study adopts a SIP sustainability evaluation framework and develops a fuzzy synthetic DEMATEL approach to evaluate the mutual influence between the attribute criteria based on the opinions of diverse stakeholders within the SIP system. The findings suggest that operational characteristics, mainly including organizational reputation, construction goals, staff welfare and external services, drive the current SIP performance. Interactive control of top management and executive’s action plays a major role in sustaining an excellent SIP, while becoming a central issue for most SIPs at the current development phase. The contribution of this study is to shed light on why some successful SIPs are able to achieve their goals and remain prominent, and how those inefficiently operated SIPs should capture and change the failing properties to positively and practically improve their bad situation.

아일랜드 초등교육과정의 변화과정 분석

[Purpose] This study aimed to analyze the process of reforms in Ireland's primary school curriculum and draw implications based on it. [Methods] In order to achieve this purpose, a comparative analysis framework was established based on democracy and autonomy as the evaluation criteria, the development background, development process and contents, and implementation and evaluation as the analysis area, the 1900, 1922, 1971, 1999, and 2023 primary school curriculum as the target curriculum period. [Results] In terms of development background, the Irish primary curriculum gradually developed according to various needs at home and abroad in Ireland, securing democracy and autonomy. In terms of development process and content, democracy was strengthened by reflecting the opinions of various educational stakeholders, and curriculum autonomy at the regional, school, and teacher level was also strengthened. In terms of implementation, both democracy and autonomy remain tasks of the 2023 primary curriculum. [Conclusion] The following implications can be obtained. First, through long-term projects, the curriculum should be developed with the logic of education. Second, policy communication should be strengthened to reduce the gap between the national curriculum and the field. Third, the meaning of curriculum should be shared and monitored together among curriculum agents.

Rural Tourism Development in Gujarat:views of the Stakeholders

Purpose: Sustainable Tourism development in the rural region has become a must which includes the interests of all stakeholders, along with tourism promotion and tourism growth. This study aims to identify the opinion of stakeholders to achieve sustainable rural tourism development. Design: Exploratory Research and descriptive research. Methodology &amp; Approach: Qualitative and Quantitative. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and surveys. A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument. The non-probability sampling procedure is used. The sample size of the Community is 262 and of Tour operators is 167. Findings: It has been found that there should be the development of a regional tourism workforce and infrastructure, the introduction of home stay policy, the promotion of a tourism-friendly atmosphere, showcasing Gujarat beyond God and spirituality and the creation of multiple activities in rural areas.

Combining Revealed and Stated Preferences to design a new urban park in a metropolitan area of North-Western Italy

Inclusive and participatory decision-making is a sustainable option for governments and decision-makers to support real transformation and planning of policies and actions. Investigating and gathering the various views and opinions of stakeholders and citizens is particularly effective because it opens up a range of possibilities in co-constructing the city of the future. Among urban areas requiring planning, Urban Green Infrastructures (UGIs) represent spaces designed to improve the character of neighborhoods, as well as to increase the well-being of users. To achieve these goals, planners should adopt a design approach in which UGIs projects are shaped by local community concerns rather than by market conventions in urban design. Focusing on green recreational areas, this study employs an integrated approach combining Revealed (RP) and Stated Preferences (SP) to investigate citizens' preferences regarding urban parks. In particular, the experiment combines Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) for supporting a requalification project in an ex-industrial area of Turin (Italy). In this way, it was possible to understand which facilities can contribute to increasing the citizens’ well-being and the overall efficiency of the UGIs provision and maintenance. The proposed methodology represents an operational and replicable procedure to support different renewal projects in which citizens' opinions are crucial for developing long-term sustainable socio-ecological plans and actions.

Development of Education Field Student Digital Competences—Student and Stakeholders’ Perspective

Alongside reading, writing, and numeracy digital literacy has become an increasingly crucial component of functional competences in the modern era. Digital competences are essential for educators who wish to stay updated with the changing needs of their students and the education sector. These competences can help them engage their students better, improve their teaching effectiveness, and advance their careers. Considering the ongoing changes in both the field of education and the field of technologies, it is important to explore the current needs for improving digital competences of educators including students in the field of education, to provide them with the necessary support. This study aims to develop recommendations for improving digital competence of educators by combining students’ self-assessment through surveys with stakeholder opinions concerning digital competence development of educators ascertained in a focus group discussion. Results of the research reveal that education students do not have a statistically different self-assessment of their digital competences than students from other study fields. And although students evaluate their digital competences as high, stakeholders point out that there is a lack of digital competences to carry out technology-enhanced learning and a negative attitude towards digitalization of education among all educators’ age groups. Improving the availability of digital resources and technological support as well as incorporating organisational level strategies that require application and improvement of digital competence could remedy the issue.

Development of the WHO eye care competency framework

BackgroundThe eye care workforce, particularly in lower resource settings, face challenges of limited integration into the health system, limited workforce capacity, mismatch of workforce to population need and poor quality of care. In recognition of these challenges, coupled with a gap in existing tools, provides a strong rationale for the development of the Eye care competency framework (ECCF).MethodsA mixed methods approach was utilised to develop and validate the ECCF. Content was developed by extracting relevant components of existing frameworks used both within and outside of eye care. A diverse technical working group provided feedback and guidance on the structure, design, and content to create a preliminary draft. Competencies and activities were validated using a modified-Delphi study, and the framework was then piloted at four sites to understand how the tool can be implemented in different settings.ResultsThe final version of the ECCF included eight outcomes, nine guiding principles, and content of each of the key elements, including the six domains, 22 competencies, 21 activities, 193 behaviours and 234 tasks, and the knowledge and skills that underpin them. 95/112 participants from the six WHO regions completed the modified-Delphi study, yielding an average of 96% agreement across the competencies and activities in the ECCF. The pilot showcased the versatility and flexibility of the ECCF, where each of the four sites had a different experience in implementing the ECCF. All sites found that the ECCF enabled them to identify gaps within their current workforce documentation.ConclusionsThe ECCF was developed using a collaborative approach, reflecting the opinions of participants and stakeholders from all around the world. The comprehensive competencies and activities developed in the ECCF encompass the diverse roles of eye care workers, and thus encourage multi-disciplinary care and better integration into the health system. It is recommended that eye care workforce planners and developers use the ECCF, and adapt it to their context, to support workforce development and focus on the quality and scope of eye care service provision.

Defining sustainability in agricultural water management using a Delphi survey technique

Abstract Sustainable water management measures are being developed to address the challenges posed by agriculture runoff and leaching on water resources. These measures are based on experts' opinions from various sectors and disciplines, ensuring that all stakeholders' perspectives are considered. For this, establishing a common understanding of 'sustainability' is essential to avoid misunderstandings, conflicts, and operational challenges. In this research, the Delphi survey technique was utilized to develop a definition of ‘sustainability’ in agricultural water management (SAWM) by considering the interdisciplinary group of experts from different parts of the world and those involved in a Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action. Twenty-six experts' perspectives on environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability were assessed, and identified key concepts included climate change, water quality, water availability, stakeholder participation, capacity building, subsidies, and incentives. These concepts were used to define sustainability for multi/interdisciplinary project settings. The definition was validated with consortium members of the project in the regular consortium-wide meetings and used in the respective deliverables dealing with sustainability. The results serve as a foundation for communication between the involved actors and the project's definition of 'sustainability.' One recommendation from this work for broader policy formulation for SAWM in Europe is to prioritize farmer needs and focus on environmental sustainability.

Stakeholder Opinions of The Students' Abilities During the Research Internship Program

Recently, there has been a gap between the skills needed by industry and learning materials in schools that still need to meet expectations. Research internship programs (RIP) viewing as a link that can eliminate these disparities. However, there is no conclusive proof of the learning results of the program. This study seeks to dig deeper into information based on a stakeholder's point of view on the quality of skills demonstrated by students in research internship programs. This research is qualitative. The case study method approach analyzes phenomena in the workplace according to assessment reporting in terms of stakeholder perceptions. Research informants consist of primary, supporting, and critical stakeholders. This paper uses triangulation techniques to reduce data, present data, and draw conclusions. The results of this study indicate that students' readiness and skills affect hard-skill performance but do not significantly affect the results of the research conducted. Stakeholder perception states that schools need more time to be ready to implement research internships based on Ministerial Decree Number 123/M/KPT/2019.

A Step toward Water Use Sustainability: Implementing a Business Model Canvas for Irrigation Advisory Services

Some major future global challenges are linked to more efficient use of water for irrigation to respond to the growing water scarcity coupled with the increasing food demand. Although irrigation advisory services (IASs) are considered effective instruments to increase water use efficiency in agriculture, their diffusion remains limited. This is due to several constraints mainly linked to their low accessibility and high costs. To overcome the bottlenecks associated with IASs’ adoption, this paper proposes a business model (BM) as a tool for scaling up IASs within a business perspective, with the aim of encouraging the diffusion of this technology while enhancing the associated environmental and social benefits. Drawn from the experience of the OPERA project, we structured the business model taking advantage of the opinion of relevant stakeholders and IASs’ potential users to identify specific limitations and understand their needs. It turned out that farmers are willing to adopt IASs but require that the service is easily accessible, with high-quality information that are delivered at an affordable cost. Indeed, here a BM with an innovative way to produce and deliver value is proposed. The value proposition is built upon key features namely, integration, customization, accessibility, and sustainability that reflect users’ needs and preferences. Our BM also provides a detailed revenues strategy that guarantees the financial sustainability of IASs. To design and represent our BM, the “Business Model Canvas ©” has been adopted. We concluded that an innovative and well-structured BM has the potential to leave the IASs profitable and capable to ensure environmental and social sustainability.

Stakeholder Opinions of Implementing Environmental Management Systems in the Construction Sector of the U.S.

Environmental concerns over the effects of construction sector activities necessitate meaningful measures to be taken. Despite worldwide increases in the uptake of environmental management systems (EMS), implementation of EMS across the construction sector of the U.S. remains slow. To date, stakeholder opinions about the uptake of EMS in the construction sector of the U.S. remain unexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of U.S. stakeholders towards the benefits and barriers of implementing EMS, and how these compare internationally. Underpinned by a positivism philosophy, an online questionnaire survey was used to collect the views of construction professionals (n = 50). Weighted average analysis scores reveal that the benefits of EMS are seen to improve the public perception and credibility of an organization/company and reduce waste levels and are a tool to improve the environmental standards of the U.S.’s construction sector; in contrast, the barriers of EMS are an absence of sub-contractor cooperation and resistance to change in existing company structure and policy, plus the requirement for additional employee training. The potential impact of this work demonstrates not only the role that the U.S. construction sector can play in advancing environmental and sustainability matters using EMS but also the obstacles that need to be addressed to enable their success. Understanding these benefits and barriers at an organizational level could enable them to devise more effective business strategies/policies, where evidence-based practices could be used to support EMS implementation.

The Value of Organizational Purpose

Broadening the organizational purpose of a firm beyond narrow short-term profit maximization may enhance long-term shareholder value. This result obtains when firms generate unpriced externalities and face difficulties in achieving ex ante incentive alignment with stakeholders through contract or have the ex post possibility of altering stakeholders’ perceptions through virtue signaling (i.e., cheap talk or greenwash). As each of these conditions is ubiquitous in practice, discussion of organizational purpose (beyond narrow short-term profit maximization to encompass stakeholder’s harmonious pursuit of a common higher goal or meaning) should shift from why management might pursue it to how managers obtain and maintain it as well as the value creation and distribution implications of doing so. Drawing on a value-based stakeholder theory of strategic management, I argue that attentiveness to the most salient issues of a firm’s most powerful stakeholders related to the attainment of this higher goal more closely aligns stakeholder and shareholder value in the long term, thereby building and sustaining relational contracts with stakeholders. A firm with strong relational contracts across its nexus of stakeholder relationships increases the likelihood of harmony among its stakeholders, including shareholders. An important challenge to realizing this outcome is that of measurement. As a result, research on organizational purpose should turn its attention from legal and moral foundations to empirical research on externalities, stakeholder opinions, and managers’ self-representations of their organization’s purpose. The availability of such data lowers the transaction costs associated with a nexus of relational contracts and enhances societal welfare.History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.

RAGOSRA: Rough attributed goal oriented software requirements analysis method

Goal oriented software requirements analysis method is used for the analysis of elicited functional goals (FGs) and non-functional goals (NFGs) of a system in which goals are decomposed and refined into sub-goals until requirements from the sub-goals are identified. Based on the critical analysis, we found that most of the attention of goal-oriented methods is on the crisp and fuzzy logic during the analysis of the software goals or requirements. In these methods’ prior information about the type of membership function is required; and the selection of membership function depends on the subjective justification. As a result, it lacks objectivity and may affect the ranking values of the goals or requirements during the analysis. Therefore, this paper presents a rough attributed goal-oriented software requirements analysis (RAGOSRA) method in which rough preference matrix has been used to capture the opinions of different stakeholders. The results of the RAGOSRA method are compared by considering the following criteria, i.e., goal types, goal links, types of data used in the analysis, stakeholder perceptions and time complexity with some fuzzy based methods. Based on the time complexity analysis, it is found that RAGOSRA method requires only 24 operations for the selection of goals for the dataset having 3 NFGs and 4 FGs of an institute examination system. On the other hand, FAGOSRA method, fuzzy TOPSIS method, and fuzzy AHP method requires 36, 166, and 240 operations respectively.