Opinions Of Pediatricians Research Articles

Reproductive Behavior of Adolescent Girls: Analysis of Risk Factors, Prospects of Prevention and Education

INTRODUCTION: Caring of reproductive health of children and adolescents in the society, especially of adolescent girls as a group most vulnerable to risks in the reproductive sphere, continues to be of high importance. The studies confirm that education and awareness about reproductive health can reduce the probability of problems occurring. The existing legal regulations emphasize the importance of providing accurate and timely information of reproductive health. AIM: Scientific justification of the strategy of forming safe reproductive behavior of adolescent girls on the basis of the peculiarities of their current reproductive behavior taking into account the opinion of specialists in the fields of education and healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of adolescent girls, an anonymous questionnaire survey of 400 adolescent girls was conducted. To determine the expectations of the participants of the sex education process, as well as the main directions of preventive work and education, a survey of 400 parents of adolescent girls, 86 pediatricians, 34 obstetricians-gynecologists and 420 teachers was conducted. For all groups of participants, author’s questionnaires were developed. RESULTS: The reproductive behavior of adolescent girls living in the territory of the Novosibirsk region, is characterized by early start of sex life (15.90 ± 0.14 years), promiscuity (1.70 ± 1.10 partners), refusal to use effective means of contraception. Parents of adolescent girls emphasize the leading role of the family in sex education, suggesting participation of doctors and teachers in the process, but remain dissatisfied with the intensity of preventive measures. A similar problem is emphasized by specialists in the healthcare and education systems who indicate the possibility of conducting preventive work with adolescent girls remotely. In the opinion of pediatricians and obstetricians-gynecologists, providing preventive information on the reproductive health and behavior, will not only create safe reproductive behavior for modern adolescents, but is also an effective strategy of improving the system of reproductive health protection. CONCLUSION: The study identified features of the reproductive behavior of adolescent girls that characterize it as risky. The results emphasize the need for an integrated approach to assessing and maintaining the health of adolescent girls, and also focus attention on the importance of educational work in this age group. The study serves as a basis for further preventive strategies in the field of reproductive health and education.

VIEWS OF PEDITRICIANS ON SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Pediatricians that, in addition to treating children’s diseases, deal with early growth and development, have a special responsibility in the early detection and diagnosis of speech and language difficulties. Aim of this research was to examine pediatricians’ and pediatric specialists’ familiarity with speech-language development, developmental-behavioral pediatrics, opinions on acquired knowledge at the specialist study on early growth and development and to examine the importance of multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between pediatricians and speech therapists, educators and rehabilitators and psychologists.The sample was comprised of 14 specialists pediatricians and 1 pediatrics resident, who were employed in primary and secondary health care and private practice, from different cities of the Federation of B&H and Republika Srpska. Results of this research have shown that surveyed pediatricians are working with children with difficulties in speech-language development on a daily basis. Respondents have mostly correctly answered all questions related to speech-language development which indicates that they have solid knowledge in this area. Results have shown that most of the respondents is not satisfied with the knowledge obtained from specialist study on early growth and development and that they are not completely familiar with developmental-behavioral pediatrics, but all of the pediatricians have agreed that this field of sub-specialty should be included as a part of our higher education program. When it comes to a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation with speech therapists, educators-rehabilitators and psychologists, respondents support and practice a multidisciplinary approach in the detection and diagnosis of speech and language difficulties.Keywords:opinions of pediatricians, speech-language development, developmental-behavioral pediatrics.

МНЕНИЕ ВРАЧЕЙ-ПЕДИАТРОВ И РОДИТЕЛЕЙ ДЕВОЧЕК И ДЕВУШЕК-ПОДРОСТКОВ О ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ОХРАНЫ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ ДЕВОЧЕК И ДЕВУШЕК-ПОДРОСТКОВ

The problem of maintaining the reproductive health of the population is acute. In order to determine the need, scope and direction of improving the reproductive health system of girls and adolescent girls, sociological studies were carried out on 400 parents of girls and 86 pediatricians. According to the results of a survey of parents, it was revealed that the parents of girls are convinced that sex education of children should be carried out mainly in the family, with the participation of health professionals and teachers. The interviewed parents of girls often have questions about reproductive health and behavior from their children and need to obtain objective and reliable information for the implementation of correct and timely sex education, but they do not have the opportunity to receive it in sufficient volume from doctors in a polyclinic or teachers. A study of the opinion of pediatricians on the level of their involvement in the process of protecting the reproductive health of girls revealed that pediatricians do not have enough time and resources to carry out high-quality and full-fledged preventive work on reproductive health and behavior with girls and their parents. As a result, the respondents agree on the need to improve the organization of reproductive health care for girls and adolescent girls by creating an electronic resource containing preventive information on reproductive behavior and reproductive health for girls and their parents.

Implementation of Fuzzy-based Model for Prediction of Thalassemia Diseases

Thalassemia is known as one of the blood disorder diseases that is inherited by parents. There are several types of Thalassemia, namely as Thalassemia major, minor, and intermedia. Among them, Thalassemia major is the most dangerous and needs more attention. Generally, it can be detected since the child is one year old. Late detection of this disease can have adverse consequences and various complications. This study aims to develop a new model for the prediction of thalassemia for children. The model adopts a fuzzy-based rule. The novelty in this article is that our model has 4 outputs, namely thalassemia major, intermedia, minor and not thalassemia. In the previous article it only had 3 outputs. In this study, we intend to implement a model that we developed using a fuzzy-based approach to classify thalassemia diseases based on CBC data. This article describes how to build a model and implement it in software. We compare the test results with the opinion of pediatricians regarding thalassemia. The final results of testing 4 CBC data show that our proposed model has successfully identified the type of thalassemia.

The opinion of pediatricians about observance rights of patients - children and their legal representatives

The article discusses the opinion of pediatricians on the preferred model of the relationship between medical professionals and legal representatives of the child-patient. The article presents an assessment of the views of pediatricians on what rights of patients- children should be observed when providing them with medical care. Reasons for the adverse effects of medical interventions with which met respondents in their practice are given in the article. Violations of ethical standards for patients-children and their legal representatives with which met respondents are analyzed in the article.

Paediatricians' opinions of microneedle-mediated monitoring: a key stage in the translation of microneedle technology from laboratory into clinical practice.

Microneedle (MN) arrays could offer an alternative method to traditional drug delivery and blood sampling methods. However, acceptance among key end-users is critical for new technologies to succeed. MNs have been advocated for use in children and so, paediatricians are key potential end-users. However, the opinions of paediatricians on MN use have been previously unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of UK paediatricians on the use of MN technology within neonatal and paediatric care. An online survey was developed and distributed among UK paediatricians to gain their opinions of MN technology and its use in the neonatal and paediatric care settings, particularly for MN-mediated monitoring. A total of 145 responses were obtained, with a completion response rate of 13.7%. Respondents believed an alternative monitoring technique to blood sampling in children was required. Furthermore, 83% of paediatricians believed there was a particular need in premature neonates. Overall, this potential end-user group approved of the MN technology and a MN-mediated monitoring approach. Minimal pain and the perceived ease of use were important elements in gaining favour. Concerns included the need for confirmation of correct application and the potential for skin irritation. The findings of this study provide an initial indication of MN acceptability among a key potential end-user group. Furthermore, the concerns identified present a challenge to those working within the MN field to provide solutions to further improve this technology. The work strengthens the rationale behind MN technology and facilitates the translation of MN technology from lab bench into the clinical setting.

Enfoque diagnóstico de la hematuria en pediatría

Hematuria is a clinical finding observed by the patient or a family member when it is macroscopic or incidental in a routine urine batch. The prevalence is low but the diagnostic approach to which the clinician is confronted is broad. Hematuria indicates disease, injury or malformation of the urinary tract, therefore the general practitioner and the pediatrician must be able to determine in time some of the causes with severe prognosis or complex diagnosis that require referral to the pediatric nephrologist. The emphasis is on differentiating whether or not it is of glomerular origin, adopting a diagnostic approach algorithm that guides the clinician. A limited search of 2001-2014 was conducted in the main databases in English and Spanish, finding reviews of the literature, consensus of experts and clinical practice guidelines based on the opinion of paediatricians, nephrologists and pediatric urologists, as well as radiologists who They offer a real approach to imaging. It is aimed at health personnel, general practitioners and pediatricians who face this clinical condition on a daily basis.

Cross-sectional evaluation of awareness of prevention of dental caries among general pediatricians in ghaziabad district, India.

Background:Oral diseases are largely preventable and it is hoped that with the early exposure to oral health-care activities, the prevalence of oral diseases will be reduced in children and they would be more receptive to dental services. Aim: The present study evaluated the awareness of prevention of dental caries among pediatricians in Ghaziabad district, India.Subjects and Methods:A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among the pediatricians in Ghaziabad district, India. Total subjects including in the survey were 88 pediatricians, through systemic random sampling. Both the gender was including Male-37.8% (35/88) and Female-62.2% (53/88). Pre-tested, structured and self administered questionnaire was used in the survey and data analysis was done by using ‘SPSS’ software version 16.0 (IBM, United States).Results:Our study indicated that most of the pediatricians in Ghaziabad district had moderate knowledge 39.7% (35/88), followed by good knowledge 36.5% (32/88) and poor knowledge 23.8% (21/88) about dental caries. Practice guidelines and opinions of pediatricians in the survey were moderate 64.7% (57/88) in about more than half, followed by poor 23.8% (21/88) and followed by good 11.5% (10/88). The attitude for prevention of dental caries was positive in almost everybody 81.8% (72/88).Conclusion:The present survey concluded that pediatricians in Ghaziabad district, India had a good attitude and practices, but had moderate knowledge and lacked proper awareness about dental caries.

Developing indicators of prescribing quality for primary care paediatricians

Monitoring and feedback to physicians on their prescribing patterns helps to promote change in the areas where it is needed. However, behaviour and satisfaction of general paediatricians with the routine monitoring of their prescribing has not been measured. We aimed to develop a set of valid indicators of prescribing quality in paediatric primary care practice, and to evaluate the satisfaction of paediatricians with such indicators. Prescribing indicators were chosen by consensus-group technique. All paediatricians in the Primary Health Care Area, where the study took place, received feedback with indicators within 1 year. The face validity of these indicators was assessed by collecting data from anonymous questionnaires sent to the paediatricians issuing prescriptions. Twelve prescribing indicators were identified to be appropriate for assessing the quality of therapeutic management in common illness in children in primary care. Consensus was reached on four indicators suitable for application to continuous monitoring. They focused on the relative use of broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics, the relative use of inhaled beta-agonists and inhaled steroids and the relative use of inhaled steroids compared with leukotriene antagonists. Thirty-seven paediatricians (93%) filled out the questionnaire. Antibiotic indicators were well accepted by 92% of them. Fifty-four per cent of paediatricians thought that the proposed asthma indicators do not reflect prescribing quality for this disease. Indicators assessing prescribing quality by primary care paediatricians should be based on anti-asthmatics and antibiotics. Periodic feedback with these indicators increases professional satisfaction and contributes to improved drug selection in the opinion of paediatricians. Opinion was divided on the use of such indicators with respect to the distribution of financial incentives.

Medication Management in Primary and Secondary Schools: Assessing the Practices and Opinions of Pediatricians

1)To assess the awareness of pediatricians regarding the potential problems caused by children taking their medications before or during school hours 2) To identify the types of interventions pediatricians use to manage these issues 3)To assess the views of pediatricians regarding how well the process of medication management is handled by the schools that their patients attend. METHODS Thirty-five pediatricians completed a questionnaire inquiring about their prescribing habits for children under the age of 18, their views on the possible effects medications may have on children while at school, and what they do to minimize problems that may be associated with taking or being under the influence of medications while at school. The largest group of responding physicians (42.9%; n = 15) selected "Somewhat Common" when asked how common it is that they prescribe medications that must be used before or during school hours. The majority of responding pediatricians surveyed (62%; n = 21) believe that taking medications at school can create special problems. The majority of respondents (59.4%; n = 19) disagree with the statement that "Medications in Illinois schools are well managed by a trained agent. These pediatricians utilize a variety of strategies to minimize problems caused by medication use during or before school, and the most common of these is the prescribing of sustained release products. Pediatricians who responded to a survey are aware of potential problems associated with children being under the influence of, or taking medications during school hours. As a result, many have devised ways to ameliorate and/or prevent potential problems.

Sudden infant death syndrome/unexplained infant deaths in Sri Lanka

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as 'unexplained deaths under one year', is rarely reported in Sri Lanka as a cause of post-neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the opinion of paediatricians and pathologists regarding the reasons for this rarity. Members of the Colleges of Paediatricians, Pathologists and Forensic Pathologists who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study population. A brief self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results were analysed using standard statistical methods. The sample consisted of 50 paediatricians, 15 histopathologists and seven forensic pathologists with a mean career span of 26.3 years. SIDS was reportedly diagnosed by only nine (12.5%) of the respondents while the other 63 (87.5%) have never encountered SIDS during their careers. Of the nine doctors, three (33.3%) based their diagnosis on autopsy findings but histological and toxicological studies had not been performed. The other six doctors (66.6%) relied on clinical history alone. Twenty-five doctors (34.7%) believed that keeping babies under close adult supervision was the reason SIDS is so rare in Sri Lanka. Twenty paediatricians (40%) and four histopathologists (26.7%) agreed with this view while five forensic pathologists (71.4%), believed the reason was under-diagnosis. In conclusion, the majority of doctors believe the most likely reason for the rarity of SIDS in Sri Lanka is that babies are kept under close adult supervision, in comparison with developed countries. By contrast, most forensic pathologists are of the opinion that SIDS is under-diagnosed.

Epidemiological aspects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in Italy: a national survey.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies and children, producing serious infections and short- to medium-term complications. We conducted a survey, using a questionnaire, to determine the opinions of paediatricians on the geographical and seasonal distribution, and the clinical impact of RSV in Italy. Of the 344 paediatricians who responded, 66% had admitted children affected by RSV into their department, and 38% of these had admitted more than 10 cases during the preceding year. According to those interviewed, newborn babies of lowest gestational age were most often affected. The children considered to be at highest risk of severe infection were those with bronchodysplasia, immunodeficiencies or congenital heart disease; most admissions (87%) were attributed to bronchiolitis. In southern Italy and the islands RSV appeared later and persisted later into the year than in central and northern Italy. Most paediatricians (79%) considered the available treatments for serious RSV ineffective but only half were aware of the possibility of immunoprophylaxis against RSV.

Stop Home Phototherapy

To the Editor.— A recent communication from a manufacturer of phototherapy devices sought the opinion of pediatricians regarding home use of phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. My reply to the company was in strong opposition to this proposal. I am concerned that this manufacturer and others may advertise and promote home use of a form of therapy that is even now often prescribed in spite of inadequate knowledge with regard to indications, poor understanding of how or whether therapy is effective, and unfounded assumptions regarding safety.

Opinion of Pediatricians on Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Compiled by the Questionnaire

Opinion of Pediatricians on Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Compiled by the Questionnaire

PEDIATRIC PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES

This is a report of a mail survey undertaken on behalf of the Subcommittee on Pediatric Manpower of the Council on Pediatric Practice of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Its purposes were: (1) to collect information about how practitioners of pediatrics utilize their own time and that of other health workers for the performance of specific tasks carried out in the course of ambulatory pediatric care; (2) to ascertain the degree to which practice characteristics, including task delegation, were related to characteristics of the physician, his practice arrangement and his practice load; and, (3) to sound out general pediatric opinion concerning task delegation in ambulatory pediatric care. The genesis of this survey and its relationship to current health manpower shortages have been discussed elsewhere.1 Prior to this survey no information on a national basis had been available concerning the extent and nature of task delegation in pediatric office practice or the opinions of pediatricians about this subject. Although most American children receive preventive and therapeutic health care from physicians in private office practice, extraordinarily little information about the characteristics of this system of care is available. A structured, precoded questionnaire was designed to collect the desired information. In the summer of 1967, the first version was pretested on 273 Regular Fellows of the Academy of Pediatrics residing in Massachusetts and a 2% random sample of Fellows residing in the other 49 states and the District of Columbia. The results of this major pretest have been described elsewhere. Slight modifications were made in the original version of the questionnaire and the revised version was mailed in the late fall of 1967 to 6,820 Regular Fellows of tile American Academy of Pediatrics residing in the United States.

Adoption of Handicapped Children

I am writing this as a "Letter to the Editor" because the subject is a highly controversial one, and I hope by presenting it in this manner to arouse a response which will reflect the opinion of pediatricians. I submit that adoption agencies should be urged as a part of their program to attempt to find adoptive homes for mildly or moderately retarded children. I realize the difficulty in finding prospective parents for such children.