Expression Of Opinion Research Articles

Sentiment analysis on images using different transfer learning models

Opinion expression using visual images has grown more common due to the growth of social media platforms and internet technology. Users can communicate their ideas, emotions, and attitudes by posting images to various social media sites and sharing them. In recent years, models based on transfer learning have demonstrated exceptional results for image classification. Successful image-based sentiment analysis is made possible with transfer learning strategies. This study compares and investigates various transfer learning techniques to categorize image sentiment. The findings are analyzed and contrasted using well-known image sentiment datasets, including CK+, FER2013, and JAFFE. Several parameters, including accuracy, precision, and recall, are considered when analyzing the outcomes. The findings indicate that the model's performance depends on the dataset, i.e., different models work well with other datasets.

AN EVENT AS A PHENOMENON OF MODERN CULTURE: TRANSFORMATION FROM HISTORY TO MODERNITY

Relevance of the study. In the modern world, events have become not only widespread phenomena but also essential elements of cultural life. They occupy a significant part of the public's attention and influence various aspects of our lives - from entertainment and cultural events to social and political processes. Main objectives of the study: to transform the event phenomenon from history to the present and analyze its influence on a national scale.. Methodology: linguistics, cultural comparative studies, observation, comparative, analytical, structural-functional. Results: this article is the result of the author's research on transforming the concept of "event" from its original meaning to modern understanding, taking into account the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. As a result of our research, we came to the following conclusion: today, it is an influential mechanism for spreading the values, beliefs and cultural identity of the country, which strengthens the sense of national identity and fosters a sense of pride for one's country. With the beginning of the war in Ukraine, the concept of an event turned from a simple event into a means of communication and public mobilization on issues that became important for society. Scientific novelty: in the study, the author focused on the history of the event and its transformation to modern realities, analyzed the role of the event in cultural and social life, and investigated how it became an integral part of contemporary culture. Analysis of scientific sources: the author considered the analysis of the concept of the event in literary sources from a philosophical point of view, because such an analysis will allow a better understanding of the philosophical meaning of the event and its transformation in different contexts and in different eras. Practical significance: the author explored how the concept of an event transformed into the modern world under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and how it became an essential element in modern culture, and considered the role of the event in political and social life, in particular, how it is used as a means of protest and expression of public opinion. Conclusion: the social impact of events is significant, wide-ranging and complex. The current study demonstrates that much remains to be explored regarding the relationship between society and any events. Still, today it is an influential mechanism for the spread of a country's values, beliefs and cultural identity. A country can showcase its unique history, traditions and customs through cultural events such as festivals, concerts and exhibitions. It can strengthen a sense of national identity and foster a sense of pride in one's country. With the beginning of the war in Ukraine, the concept of an event was transformed from a simple event into a means of communication and public mobilization on issues that became important for society. Therefore, the speeches of writers and other public figures at events have become an essential element of open discussion about the problems of society and a means of drawing attention to the issues that need to be solved. Keywords: event; modern culture; war in Ukraine.

On the Impact of Agents With Influenced Opinions in the Swarm Social Behavior

We consider a simplified version of the Taylor model, typically used in the collective dynamics of continuous exchange of opinions, to describe the properties of swarm formation in the presence of external sources of influence or prejudices affecting a number of agents in the network. Such external sources are responsible for the breakdown of the consensus equilibrium and directly influence certain other individuals in the network, which we denote as quasi-stubborn agents. These quasi-stubborn agents participate in consensus with other individuals, but are able to indirectly influence the opinions of the entire system. In particular, we show that the swarm in steady-state moves towards the convex hull of the opinions of the quasi-stubborn agents. This is an interesting result that allows a more accurate estimation of the final opinions in a social network. In the case of two prejudiced agents, an explicit expression of the stationary opinions is provided in terms of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the Laplacian of the graph. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the properties of the considered model.

Regulamin Rady Państwa Republiki Słowenii

The National Council was provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia of 23 of December 1991. The second chamber of the Slovenian Parliament, together with the State Assembly, forms part of the legislature. However, it differs significantly from it, particularly with regard to the way in which its composition is determined. The National Council is in the body representing social, economic, professional and local interests. Therefore, elections to this body are neither universal nor direct. Nevertheless, this body is not a typical representative authority because its members are elected on the basis of functional representation. The Council of State has both “soft” powers related to the expression of opinions, as well as “hard” powers allowing it to effectively influence the work of National Assembly and the law-making process in the Republic of Slovenia. The latter powers include, for example, the right of legislative initiative and the right of suspensive veto. The presented Rules of Procedure contain provisions on the exercise of the powers granted to the National Council.

Уголовно-правовые пределы выражения своего мнения

In the age of the Internet, the question of defining the limits of expression in the media, in particular on the Internet, is particularly relevant. With the advent of the digital era, more and more attention is paid to crimes occurring not in reality, but in the network, and extremism becomes a phenomenon that steadily pops up in the news feeds. High-profile cases in which law enforcement officials are trying to prosecute for inciting hatred for images, reps and likes demonstrate the need to distinguish between expression and extremism. The main difficult issues of estimation of such crimes are considered: the vague framework of the main «extremist» clauses (280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), used as a pretext for restricting the activity of citizens by law enforcement agencies, the actions of which sometimes do not correspond to a potential threat; the difficulties with the definition of extremism itself and, as a consequence, the possibility to place under its concept any material; the subjective nature of linguistic expertise, in which the views of experts may be the opposite. It was noted that, as a result, an unlawful decision can significantly complicate a person’s life, since recognition of the activities as extremist brings a number of additional restrictions: economic, political, labour. In this regard, it is argued that it is necessary to distinguish between mere expression of opinion and actual incitement to hatred. However, it is also noted that a clear legislative distinction is questionable against the background of precedents that have already occurred. It concluded that criminal prosecution for opinions on the Internet should be the exception, not the rule.

The Role of Civil Servant to Protect Indonesia from Terrorism

The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is an occupation for civil servants and government employes with employment contracts who work for government agencies and play a very fundamental role in maintaining the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. ASN urgencies include the implementation of public policies, civil servants and the connected the nation must be able to act as organizers of government and developmental missions through the implementation of policies and professional public services. In fulfilling its function as a link and unification of the nation, ASN must strive to protect the integrity of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia from terrorism crimes that can break the sovereignty anchored in Bineka Tunggal Ika. Dirrect speak and written expressions of opinions on social media don’t contain elements of hate speech against to Pancasila, the Constitution, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, the Unified State of the Republic of Indonesia and the government. Don’t convey information that shows the nuances of hate speech against ethnicity, race, religion, and between groups. ASN doesn’t participate in activities that lead to insult, incitement, provocation or hatred of Pancasila, the Constitution, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, the Unified State of the Republic of Indonesia and the government.

Retracted: Research on the Path of Network Opinion Expression in AI Environment for College Students.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/4360792.].

Framing Social Credit System: An Experimental Investigation of Social Credit System’s Chilling Effect on Freedom of Expression

Studies on China’s social credit system (SCS) remain mostly theoretical and there is limited empirical research examining the surveillance effect under China’s SCS. This study investigates whether exposure to news framing of SCS affects individuals’ attitude, political online behavior, and opinion expression. Findings suggest exposure to negative framing of SCS chills participants’ intentions to engage in online political activities. Individuals who possess low levels of willingness to self-censor and are exposed to negative framing are more susceptible to the chilling effects of SCS, and thereby become cautious to share opinions, which in turn restricts their freedom of expression. Qualitative evidence reveals while most participants were supportive of SCS, yet still concerned about its privacy invasion and speech restriction issues. Implications for SCS as a means of surveillance are discussed.

How Can Pro-regime Online Comments Influence Chinese Netizens’ Attitudes and Opinion Expressions? Normative or Informational Social Influence?

Abstract China, as an authoritarian regime that has tight control over social media, has always sought to manipulate public opinion. In addition to censorship, the state mobilizes undercover paid posters to manufacture a pro-regime opinion environment. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of this adaptation by conducting an online survey experiment. We explore whether pro-regime comments accompanying a news post can effectively affect viewers’ private and expressed thoughts, as well as whether these are driven by normative or informational social influence. The results indicate that pro-regime comments cannot significantly influence individuals’ attitudes in favor of the authorities. Moreover, uniform pro-regime comments can even produce counterproductive effects. However, pro-regime comments do have an impact on individuals’ opinion expressions. Respondents who take dissenting viewpoints tend to avoid expressing themselves when facing a climate of pro-regime opinion. Additionally, the persuasive effects of high-quality pro-regime arguments were found to be better compared to low-quality arguments.

The notion of « white working class » in British political discourse, fro

Brexit has been considered as the vote of a « white working class » by a significant part of the media, politicians, and academics. This expression became rapidly mainstream despite its atypical construction. One can reflect upon this new rhetorical category, different from the traditional notion of “working class”, and is implicitly but clearly construed first and foremost in opposition to non-white workers, and not to the « bourgeoisie » or the middle-class. Brexit is also largely presented as the expression of strong Eurosceptic and anti-immigration opinions supposedly prevalent in the « white working class ». This paper aims at understanding how these assumptions about the « white working class » and its claims developed in British political discourse to the point of being a crucial topic during the Brexit discussions. The focus of this paper is a discursive analysis of the British traditional parties in power, in the context of what has been called a « white Vincent LATOUR2022-09-01T22:56:00VLbacklash », triggered by multiculturalism1. The period considered starts in 1997 with the election of New Labour on a multiculturalist agenda. The second term of Tony Blair in 2001 Vincent LATOUR2022-09-01T22:57:00VLwas a watershed moment, because it was then that he clearly turned against the previously multiculturalist agenda of his party. Since then, both the Labour and the Conservative parties have nurtured the theme of the « white working class »2 as left behind Vincent LATOUR2022-09-01T23:02:00VLby multiculturalism. This idea reached its pinnacle with Brexit in 2016, with lasting effects until 2019, when the Conservatives won by a landslide on an agenda focused on restoring the place of the « white working class ». This paper aims at showing the convergence of both parties around the rejection of multiculturalism and the defence of this newly construced section of the population, which led to the shift of British political discourse towards the right, with the promotion of the British identity as essentially « white ».

SOCIAL MEDIA AND INTERACTIVITY FROM USERS’ PERSPECTIVE

In view of the change in communication circumstances caused by the explosive development of technology, new spheres of expression of attitudes, ideas, opinions and emotions have been opened. In a new communication reality, the dominant place belongs to social media, which is also related to interactive media and digital media that depend on user participation. The degree and ways of participation differ between various social media, but what they have in common is that they offer users the opportunity to create content, react to the existing ones, as well as further distribute and comment. The aim of the paper is to examine the frequency of different types of interactivity on social media, the motives for interactivity, as well as the perception of its importance from the user’s viewpoint. The research was conducted on a sample of 350 students at the University of Niš. A questionnaire was used as a method of data collection. Also, the research showed that in spite of the intensive checking of social media, the respondents do not often resort to interactivity, neither with their friends’ posts nor with media content and they do not find the possibility of interactivity particularly important. Along with checking and reading, the most common type of interactivity is liking, while leaving a comment is minimally applied. The respondents mostly resort to liking media content on social media only if they are related to the social issues they consider important (23.14%) or to support somebody’s position (21.71%).

How do South Korean podcasts reflect changes in journalistic norms and practices? Comparing podcasts of professional journalists with podcasts of non-journalists

The purpose of this study is to examine whether journalistic norms of objectivity and practices of gatekeeping are observed in news and current-affairs podcasts. By analyzing 101 episodes from three different types of news and political podcasts, which included 13,237 sentences related to the 2022 presidential election in South Korea, the findings showed that journalistic norms and practices were often blurred in podcasts. Specifically, this study measured objectivity norms in three ways: (1) expression of opinion and first-person narration; (2) types of evidence/grounds employed; and (3) transparency of evidence/grounds. The results showed that 15.8% of sentences included opinions and 3.1% included first-person narrations. Three out of 10 episodes (31.7%) included no evidence. Only half the evidence/grounds were transparent (56.4%). Also, the gatekeeping role was shared by inviting outsiders as interviewees (71.3%). Importantly, the findings showed that the observation of norms and practices differed depending on whether podcast hosts were affiliated with mainstream media.

ISSUES CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF GRAFFITI. DEVELOPING CONSERVATION PRACTICES WORLDWIDE

This conference paper is dedicated to rising issues concerning the preservation of graffiti. The author outlines practical and ethical aspects conservators are dealing with while preserving an industrial canvas. How to treat artworks that are tangible and intangible at once? Graffiti is not just a drawing we see on the murals. It is a form of social movement, an artistic expression of opinion. We can draw similarities with contemporary art, where an idea might be an essence of the artwork and artists do not always think about the longevity of their creations. Artists might use materials and techniques that make conservator’s work practically impossible. That is why conservation in its traditional interpretation is an unsuitable solution for graffiti. Various ethical and practical questions have to be answered before conservator and society decide to preserve the art of graffiti.

Income inequality and opinion expression gap in the American public: an analysis of policy priorities

AbstractPast scholarship has documented that the poor are more likely to withhold their policy preferences in public opinion surveys, suggesting income gaps in political engagement. Despite the wealth of scholarly interest in opinion formation, however, previous studies focused almost exclusively on opinion gaps in preferences, leaving income-related gaps in policy prioritisation virtually unexamined. Drawing on 596 public opinion surveys conducted with nearly 700,000 Americans over 55 years, we make a comprehensive attempt to examine income-level differences in “don’t know” responses to the most important problem (MIP) question. Our results show that the less affluent are more likely to say “don’t know” when asked about the MIP facing their country, even after controlling for various factors including educational attainment and political attention. Importantly, we also show that income-related differences in opinionation cross cut other socio-economic differences in policy prioritisation. These results have important implications for the study of public opinion.

The influence of professional judgment on the use of elements of the accounting method under the application of IFRS

The object of research is the accountant's professional judgment, which should be considered as an expression of opinion about the display of information about facts, events, operations of the company's activities in accounting and financial reporting in conditions of uncertainty, as well as the acquisition of responsibility for the results of decisions made on the basis of professional judgment. The expression of professional judgment is inevitable in accounting and reporting in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). When using the elements of the accounting method, the main tasks, results of application, as well as potential influencing factors on the formation of professional judgment are determined.The interdependence of individual elements of the accounting method and professional judgment in the conditions of application of IFRS lead to the emergence of information risks and the variability of the interpretation of accounting information by users when making management decisions. The variety of operations, facts and events of the company's activity requires the application of different methodological approaches to the formation of information, taking into account their specificities. Under such conditions, the lack of unambiguous recommendations and interpretations prompts the accountant to find its own well-founded position on the expediency of applying certain accounting procedures and methods to display information in financial statements. The availability of professional knowledge of the theory and methodology of accounting, compliance with ethical norms and competencies determines the level of application of professional judgment regarding the use of elements of the accounting method in the conditions of application of IFRS. The practical application of the obtained results will contribute to the determination of uniform methodological approaches in order to ensure the reliability of accounting information provided to users for making management decisions.

On the issue of the forms of expression of public opinion in the new reality

On the issue of the forms of expression of public opinion in the new reality

Ambivalensi Demokrasi Di Indonesia Terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat (Analisis Pasal 28 Uud 1945

: Democracy is a form of government system that has the nature of freedom of every citizen to maintain, regulate and protect from coercion of the body entrusted to govern. The problems in this thesis are (1) How is the ambivalence of democracy in Indonesia towards freedom of expression? (2) How is Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution applied to the ambivalence of democracy in Indonesia? This type of research is literature research using references from books on democracy, Islamic views on the ambivalence of democracy and the 1945 Constitution which discusses the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. The data collection technique used is to collect historical data on democracy in Indonesia from books that discuss the implementation of democracy by using hiztoris theory analysis up to the present time. The results of the research are that the application of Pancasila democracy is a bridge for the community to be able to convey what is a complaint in social life, as regulated in Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution is that everyone has the right to freedom of association, assembly, and expression of opinion as referred to in one form of the implementation of human rights in the 1945 Constitution. The implementation of democracy should be more aware of the government in the country so that democratic ambivalence can be prevented and become an important role for the running of democracy, the existence of democracy is a bridge for conveying people's aspirations as freedom of opinion and legal protection influential in the Indonesian constitutional structure and its role is very important in advancing the Indonesian nation.

Book notes: Datafication of Public Opinion and the Public Sphere: How Extraction Replaced Expression of Opinion

Book notes: <i>Datafication of Public Opinion and the Public Sphere: How Extraction Replaced Expression of Opinion</i>

Role of Political Memes on Social Media in Criticizing Political Policy in the United States 2016-2019

Purpose - This paper seek to determine the role of political-themed memes on social media in criticizing political policies in the United States (US) in 2016–2019. This period was beginning with the 2016 US presidential election and continuing through Donald Trump's presidency. The use of memes has become a popular medium for expressing US public opinion on policies and political issues that occur in the US. Expression of opinion in the form of praise, support, or criticism was channelled through memes that are created and disseminated on social media. The method used was qualitative, with data sources from books, journals, and official US media. Findings - this study describes memes as an alternative means of representing US public opinion in a light and interesting way. However, the use of memes can only be used as a form of taking a stance on the development of political situations and policies through social media. Novelty - Political instruments that have developed in the midst of digital technology have been an important factor in political discourse in a country. This can provide input for the government and policy makers to take into account the development of discourse on digital media as a form of public participation.

Students’ perceptions of their first experiences of secondary-school science in New Zealand

In this article, I report a two-year study of working closely with science teachers and examining perceptions of Year 9 (12–13 year olds) students in 13 New Zealand secondary schools. The Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) was used. The questionnaire was administered to 327 students in the first year and 362 students in the second year to find out their perceptions of their preferred learning environments in order to compare this with their perceptions of the actual situation. The data were used to plan improvements in learning environments through a teacher professional learning process by redesigning programmes and encouraging changes in students’ classroom behaviours. Co-constructive learning strategies and reshaping of lessons to include current topics were used as tools to encourage students’ expression of opinions, personal relevance and shared control in their learning. After each subsequent year-long intervention, the CLES was re-administered to reveal that there had indeed been an improvement. The research is distinctive because it is a learning environment study in New Zealand schools examining students’ psychosocial perceptions related to their first-year experiences of science at the secondary level.