Verification And Validation Research Articles

Uncertainty qualification of aerodynamic performance of a swept wing with ice accretion

Uncertainty qualification of aerodynamic performance of a swept wing with ice accretion

The services chain for the upgrade of the Inner Tracker Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment. Full services from pixel modules to optical readout for the Outer Barrel sub-system

For the high-luminosity upgrade of the ATLAS Inner Tracking detector, a new pixel detector will be installed to increase bandwidth and to cope with higher radiation, among other challenges. In this contribution, the design aspects and qualification of the data transmission from pixel modules to optical readout are presented. A focus is put on the data cable bundles and their performance for one of the Pixel sub-systems, the Outer Barrel. The development of a custom system for production testing of the bundles is discussed. Finally, in preparation of the detector integration, developments regarding functionality and connectivity testing are analyzed.

Construct Validity Verification of a Sensory Processing Assessment Tool for Schools Targeting ADHD Suspects : Using Rasch Analysis

Construct Validity Verification of a Sensory Processing Assessment Tool for Schools Targeting ADHD Suspects : Using Rasch Analysis

Definition of particle visibility threshold in parenteral drug products - towards standardization of visual inspection operator qualification.

The detectability size threshold of visible particles (″visibility″ size) in the context of visual inspection of parenteral drug products has been an elusive target for several decades. The current common sense, also reflected in official guidelines, dictates that particles of different shapes and morphologies have different ″visibility″ size thresholds, that can range between hundreds and thousands of micrometers. This study demonstrates experimentally for the first time that it is possible to define a single, shape- and morphology- independent detectability size threshold, identical across particles of various types, provided that observation conditions and product attributes are kept constant. We propose that, based on the physiology of human visual perception, instead of single-dimension measures of particle size (e.g. diameter or length), such a single size-threshold requires the use of area-based size parameters (such as ″equivalent circular diameter″, or ECD. The experimental results reported here clearly demonstrate that the ″visibility″ thresholds for particles of various morphologies converge on a single ECD value. In addition, the data reported here show that product attributes, such as container configuration, fill volume etc. influence the threshold of visibility. Collectively, the findings reported in this paper provide substantial evidence and scientific rationale, as well as unanticipated prospects for standardization of visual inspection qualification practices, ultimately leading to improving pharmaceutical product quality.

중등교사 일터영성 척도 구성요인 타당화

Objectives The purpose of this study is to validate a workplace spirituality scale for secondary school teachers in Korea. Methods First, preliminary questions were created by reviewing previous research and conducting FGI (Focus Group Interview) analysis. Additionally, expert evaluation of the created questions was conducted to confirm content validity. Second, for the verification of validity and reliability, data were collected from 690 secondary school teachers nationwide. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using SPSS and Mplus programs. Additionally, convergent, discriminant, criterion validity were confirmed, and Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated. Results First, the exploratory factor analysis revealed that secondary school teachers' workplace spirituality can consist of four sub-factors: (1) pursuit of the inner world (4 items), (2) self-transcendence (4 items), (3) sense of duty (4 items), and (4) sense of community (3 items), resulting in a final set of 15 items. Second, confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit (RMSEA=.043, TLI=.998, CFI=.997). Third, the factor loadings were all statistically significant, range from 0.699 to 0.911. The average variance extracted (AVE) value was 0.69, and the composite reliability (CR) was 0.89, confirming convergent validity. Fourth, the AVE for each sub-factor was greater than the squared correlation coefficients with job satisfaction and job burnout, confirming discriminant validity. Fifth, the correlation coefficient with the existing workplace spirituality scale showed significant positive correlations (0.58 to 0.78), confirming criterion validity. Sixth, the Cronbach’s α of this scale was 0.764, indicating an appropriate level of internal consistency. Conclusions The workplace spirituality of secondary school teachers can be composed of four sub-factors: the pursuit of the inner world, self-transcendence, sense of duty, and sense of community. The scale developed based on these factors was found to consistently and validly measure the workplace spirituality of secondary school teachers.

Comparison of the stability of dual INFIX and INFIX combined with sacroiliac screw fixation for C1 type pelvic fractures

To evaluate the biomechanical stability of dual anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (INFIX) in pelvic C1 fractures by finite element analysis, and to compare it with INFIX combined with sacroiliac screws to determine whether it is sufficient to replace the combined fixation of anterior and posterior rings. The pelvic CT data of a 43-year-old female volunteer were imported into the computer and the normal pelvic model and pelvic C1 fractures model were constructed using Mimics, Workbench and other software. The latter was fixed with dual INFIX and INFIX combined with sacroiliac screws, respectively. First, the effectiveness of the normal pelvic model in anatomical landmarks, stress conduction and displacement distribution was verified. Then, a vertical downward load of 500 N was applied to the two internal fixation models to simulate the standing and sitting positions of the human body, and the displacement of the anterior and posterior ring fractures ends, the stress of the internal fixation and the stress of the nail channel in the bone were collected. The model passed the validity verification. The maximum displacement of the anterior and posterior ring fractures in the standing dual INFIX group were 0.861 mm and 4.128 mm, respectively, which were both smaller than the 0.152 mm and 0.293 mm in the combined fixation group. The displacement of the posterior ring fractures in the sitting dual INFIX group was 3.757 mm, which was larger than the 0.560 mm in the combined fixation group, while the maximum displacement of the anterior ring fractures was 0.221 mm, which was not much different from the 0.194 mm in the combined fixation group. The maximum stress of internal fixation in the standing dual INFIX group was greater than that in the combined fixation group, while the opposite was true in the sitting position. The maximum stress of each internal fixation was lower than the yield strength of titanium alloy 790 MPa. The maximum stress of the nail channel in the standing and sitting daul INFIX groups was lower than that in the combined fixation group, and the stress of all nail channels was lower than the strength limit of bone 290 to 540 MPa. The stability of dual INFIX fixation in anterior and posterior ring fractures is generally inferior to that of INFIX combined with sacroiliac screw fixation. Although simple dual INFIX fixation can share part of the load for the posterior ring, the posterior ring will still have a large displacement, so the fixation of the posterior ring is very important. In addition, the fixation strength and stability of dual INFIX in the anterior ring are better than INFIX. When INFIX cannot provide sufficient strength to stabilize the anterior ring fractures, dual INFIX will be a good choice.

레스토랑 비건 메뉴 속성이 고객 만족과 추천 의도에 미치는 영향

Objective : This study was conducted to verify the relationship between the attributes of vegan menus perceived by consumers who have experienced vegan menus in restaurants, restaurant satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Methods : This study conducted an online survey, collected a total of 300 questionnaires, and used 277 of them for statistical analysis. This study used SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs for the statistical analysis and employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation analysis for demographic characteristics, general characteristics of the subjects, and reliability and validity verification. Results : All three attributes of vegan menu quality (menu quality, variety, and price) had a significant positive (+) effect on restaurant satisfaction. In particular, variety among the attributes of vegan menus had the most significant influence on satisfaction. In addition, restaurant satisfaction had a significantly positive (+) influence on the intention to recommend. Hence, all hypothesises were verified. Implications : Based on these research results, this study proposed an academically valuable study for vegan menus in the restaurant industry. Moreover, this study contributes to provide various marketing implications using vegan menus in restaurants.

장애·위험군학생의 5-생애핵심역량 기반 생활관리역량 강화를 위한 프로그램 모형 개발

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of a life management competency strengthening education program based on 5-Lifelong Key Competencies to strengthen the core competencies required throughout the lifespan of disabled and at-risk students. To this end, literature research and case studies were reviewed, and expert content validity verification was conducted to investigate the validity of model development. The results are as follows: First, the model of the 5-life core competency strengthening education program established an overall model outline in the order of life management competency, interpersonal relationship competency, lifelong learning competency, career development competency, and global citizenship competency derived according to importance and urgency. Based on these 5 areas, a program model was constructed with 12 sub-areas. Second, the life management competency strengthening program model was divided into two tracks: health management competency and life control competency strengthening program. The health management competency strengthening program consisted of safety management, physical management, and hygiene management modules, and the life control competency strengthening program was It consists of smartphone addiction management, emotional control, and stress management modules, and was developed as a lifestyle connection and practice model.

Calibration of discrete meta-parameters of bamboo flour based on magnitude analysis and BP neural network.

In the research and development of technology and equipment for bamboo products deep processing, such as filling, drying, and medicinal use of bamboo flour (BF), the poor compaction and fluidity of BF materials entails the need for accurate discrete element model (DEM) and BF parameters to provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operationsand the development of related equipment. The average particle size of the 5 types of BFs ranges from 0.136 mm to 0.293 mm, and the small particle size of BF particles causes to the number of BF particles in bamboo processing equipment to reach tens of millions or even billions. When conventional methods are used for simulation, ordinary computers cannot provide the required computing power. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a calibration method for the discrete element contact parameters of BFs based on dimensional analysis and a back propagation (BP) neural network. Using particle scaling theory and dimensional analysis methods, the average particle size of the BF was increased to 1 mm, and the main discrete element contact parameters of the five types of BF to be tested were used as input layers. The injection method and sidewall collapse method were used to obtain the angle of repose (AR) as the output layer. Fifty groups were randomly selected using MATLAB for EDEM simulation, and the simulation results were trained using the BP neural network algorithm; an ideal neural network model was obtained, the discrete element parameters of different BFs were predicted, and physical experiments were performed to verify two types of AR and mold hole compression under calibrated parameters. The relative error between the simulated AR obtained through calibration parameters and the physical experimental values is less than 2.3%. Through BF parameter validity verification, the simulated maximum compression displacement and compression ratio after stabilization were 34.81 mm and 0.477, which were close to the actual experimental results of 34.77 mm and 0.461, respectively, verifying the accuracy of the neural network prediction model. The research results provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operations and the development of related equipment.

Resilience of nursing students: A concept analysis study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify attributes of resilience among nursing students. DesignThe concept analysis method was used. Data sourcesLiterature reviews from the past 10 years were searched in Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and the Wiley online library. The literature search database and review period were determined after verification of validity by five experts (nursing professors). The inclusion criteria for the literature review were that the paper must be written in English, and the abstract or title of the paper should have included attributes of nursing students' resilience. Exclusion criteria were papers written in languages other than English, papers that did not include the attributes of resilience of nursing students, and duplicate papers. Seventeen studies were included in the analysis. ResultsResilience among nursing students comprised three attributes and 28 sub-attributes. The three attributes were individual, educational, and situational. Individual attributes included personal competency characteristics (e.g., self-confidence and self-efficacy) and consisted of 15 sub-attributes. Educational attributes included characteristics related to academic and clinical practicum (e.g., coping with academic work pressure) and consisted of seven sub-attributes. Situational attributes comprised characteristics that changed according to circumstances (e.g., coping with increased levels of patient acuity during the crisis), such as the COVID-19 pandemic and social support from significant others, and consisted of six sub-attributes. ConclusionsThis study identified resilience attributes reflecting the characteristics of nursing students and recent situational changes. Consequently, tools to assess resilience should be developed based on study findings and utilized in various studies aimed at enhancing the resilience of nursing students.

델파이 기법을 활용한 강의평가 문항 개발 연구: K 대학의 강의평가 사례를 중심으로

Objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze references and previous researches related to lecture evaluation system, and to develop survey items for lecture evaluation system of K universities. Methods To achieve this purpose, the expert panel of professors among K university was formed, and conducted Delphi method from July 1 to December 29, 2023 to develop a measurement tool. Results Through two rounds of item validity verification by three experts, a total of 10 items were extracted. The research findings extracted four items in lecture planning and operation, including class planning, adherence to class time, interaction, and flexibility of the class; three items in lecture content and methods, including the delivery of lecture content, effectiveness of teaching methods, and appropriateness of learning materials; two items in evaluation, including the fairness of evaluation methods and post-evaluation guidance; and one item in lecture satisfaction. Conclusions The result of this research can provides verificated lecture evaluation tools, and suggests that universities should develop validated and reliable evaluation tools for various educational programs including lectures to offer customized curriculum to students.

Verification of validity of the electrodynamic model of ball lightning

The stability of ball lightning is analyzed. According to the electrodynamic model, the ball lightning consists of an energy core in the form of an ensemble of dynamic electric capacitors located inside a spherical shell of water. The dynamic capacitor consists of electrons and protons rotating in closed orbits. The shell tends to stretch under the force Fcf, which is, proportional to the kinetic energy of protons Ek, and the force Fel, proportional to the square of the uncompensated electric charge of the core Q2. The shell is compressed by the force Fsh proportional to its thickness a and the charge Q, as well as the atmospheric pressure force Pa. It is shown that, provided that the radius R of ball lightning can change only due to the work of internal forces, its size remains unchanged. The stability of the size of ball lightning is maintained under the balance of the rate of loss of its energy reserve Ek and the charge Q. If this balance is disturbed, an explosion of ball lightning or its collapse may occur. The relationship between the main parameters of ball lightning is considered: its energy Ek, charge Q, shell thickness a and shell radius R. The conditions for accumulation of maximum energy at a minimum shell thickness are found. The results of calculating the parameters of ball lightning with energy of 10-2300 MJ are compared with the parameters of observed high-energy ball lightning. It is shown that these data are in good agreement with each other.

Dynamic response and vibration suitability analysis of the large-span double-connected structure under coupled wind and pedestrian loads

Modern buildings increasingly utilize lightweight, high-strength materials and feature high-rise, large-span structural designs. These structures often exhibit low natural frequencies and are susceptible to resonance from low-frequency dynamic loads such as wind and pedestrian loads. This paper focuses on a large-span double-connected structure and analyzes its dynamic response under the combined effects of wind and pedestrian loads. First, a finite element model of the structure was created using ANSYS, and model validity verification and modal analysis were performed. Second, a Fourier-based pedestrian model was used to simulate pedestrian loads and generate time-range data. The pulsating wind speed was generated from the Davenport spectrum using the harmonic superposition method. Wind load time-range data were calculated for different heights using Bernoulli’s theorem. Finally, the solution yields information about the dynamic response of the structure. The study revealed maximum vertical comfort ratings in the connecting corridor were achieved when crowd density did not exceed 0.3 persons/m2. The connecting corridor’s most unfavorable horizontal comfort level was evaluated as a medium, except for the 0-degree wind angle condition. This paper provides experience in studying the dynamic response and vibration suitability assessment of the large-span double-connected structure under wind and pedestrian loads.

Impact of Successful Antegrade & Retrograde CTO PCI on Short Term Prognosis

Abstract Background Chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carries risk of complications and should be attempted when the anticipated benefits exceed the potential risks. The primary indication for CTO-PCI is symptom improvement. However, the impact of CTO PCI on angina and subsequent incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rate remains controversial. Objective Our aim was to study the impact of the antegrade and retrograde approaches for elective CTO PCI on the procedural success rate & short-term MACE. Patients and Methods The current study was a prospective cohort study that included a total of 80 patients who were referred to our center (Ain Shams University Hospitals) for elective CTO PCI and underwent technically successful CTO PCI. Data was collected on patient arrival to our department and then the patients were observed during hospital admission to record any In-Hospital MACE. These patients were then followed up for 6 months to record improvement or worsening of their symptoms and to assess occurrence of any MACE including hospitalization and undergoing symptom driven coronary angiography. Results The mean age of our patients was 56±9.6 years and 91% of the patients were men. Seventy- seven % of patients were done via an ante-grade approach and 23% were done via a retro-grade approach with an overall procedural success rate of 91.25% (Antegrade 93.5%, Retrograde 83.3%). The overall mean procedure time was 102 minutes, the mean contrast volume used was 371 ml and the mean cumulative Air Kerma dose was 7.2 Gy. The retrograde group required longer procedure times, larger volumes of contrast and higher exposure to radiation. The overall in-hospital MACE was 8.75%. 81.25% of patients in our study showed an improvement in the grade of their exertional dyspnea or angina within the 6-month follow-up period. 16.25% of patients in our study needed re-hospitalization within a 6-month period after PCI. The overall Target lesion re-vascularization rate at 6 months was 8.75%. Three out of the 7 patients (42.86%) who suffered from in-hospital MACE developed another Major adverse cardiac event during the 6 months follow up period. This was a higher percentage than the patients who did not suffer from in-hospital MACE and was statistically significant. Conclusion Technically successful CTO PCI in a well-equipped center with highly qualified CTO operators resulted in high procedural success rates and low incidence of short-term MACE.

A Survey on Safety Accidents in Clinical Practice of Nursing Students

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to investigate the type of safety accidents experienced by nursing students during clinical practice in hospital and to determine the safety accident experiences according to the general characteristics of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of the study were 340 senior nursing students who experienced clinical practice of 9 nursing colleges in 7 regions of Korea. Data collection was done using the general characteristics and the safety accidents in clinical practice of nursing students tool that the researchers developed and took validity verification. Result: The most common safety accident in clinical practice was physical/psychological burnout, experienced by 111 students (32.6%). The second was psychological violence, experienced by 86(25.3%), and the third was needle stick/sharps Injuries, experienced by 63(18.5%). The fourth were musculoskeletal problems and sexual violence, each experienced by 43(12.6%). The occurrence of physical/ psychological burnout significantly differs depending on gender (χ2=16.40, p<.001), personality trait (χ2=7.03, p=.008), class lesson score (χ2=10.39, p=.006), university affiliated hospital (χ2=9.73, p=.002), health status (χ2=40.06, p<.001), and fatigue level (χ2=11.42, p=.003). The occurrence of traumatic injuries significantly differs depending on health status (χ2=11.89, p=.003). The occurrence of psychological violence significantly differs depending on personality traits (χ2=4.52, p=.033), health status (χ2=10.17, p=.006), and stress level (χ2=9.13, p=.010). Conclusion: In order to prevent and cope with safety accidents in clinical practice, universities and hospitals should have an organic relationship and provide education on accident prevention for nursing students, continuous monitoring of safety accidents, and develop in-hospital safety protocols for nursing students.

패션기업 ESG 평판 척도 개발 및 타당화

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ESG reputation scale for fashion companies. Factors and items were derived through a literature review and a Delphi survey with 35 experts, and a preliminary survey of 386 consumers was conducted to verify the construct validity of the scale. To validate the final version of the scale, a main survey was conducted with 340 consumers, and confirmatory factor analysis, validity verification, and reliability testing were conducted using the collected data. The finalized ESG reputation scale for fashion companies is a five-point Likert scale comprising three factors (social management, environmental management, and compliance management) and 21 items. This study is significant in that it developed a scale allowing consumers to measure the ESG reputation of fashion companies, thereby extending the ESG evaluation system, which has traditionally focused on investor and corporate perspectives, to incorporate the consumer perspective. It is hoped that this scale will be used as a reference by fashion companies to consider the perspectives of consumers as key stakeholders in the future.

The Issues of Psychological Health Tests in Chinese High Schools

At present, adolescents are facing many challenges in mental health, and there are many problems with psychological test questions, so this paper aims to strengthen mental health education and interventions. There are many problems in the current psychological test questions, including insufficient professionalism, insufficient consideration of cultural differences, insufficient privacy protection, insufficient validity and reliability, excessive reliance on self-report, oversimplification of the interpretation of results, lack of timely updating and revision, suggestiveness of the questions, insufficient verification of reliability and validity, and failure to fully cover important aspects of mental health. These issues may affect the accuracy and reliability of test results and need to be continuously improved and resolved through scientific research and professional practice. When addressing mental health issues, schools should work with professionals to ensure that psychological tests are scientific and culturally appropriate, while updating test questions regularly. In addition, it combines quantitative and qualitative assessments, provides professional training, uses information technology to improve testing convenience, and establishes a feedback mechanism to optimize test questions. Resources and support are also needed after the exam to ensure that tests are designed without bias to help students address mental health challenges. Through these measures, the effectiveness of psychological testing can be improved, and the mental health and well-being of students can be promoted.

Relegitimising the voluntary carbon market: Visions of digital monitoring, reporting and verification

The voluntary carbon market (VCM) faces a legitimacy crisis amid accusations of greenwashing, just as companies worldwide increasingly rely on it to achieve their net-zero targets. To address the criticisms, digital technologies to improve the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) process of nature-based carbon projects are envisioned to provide greater transparency and thus restore the legitimacy of the market. This study analyses narratives and visions developing around digital MRV, building on observations at industry events and public communication from digital MRV enterprises. Drawing on critical nature-society scholarship and literatures on green capitalism, I argue that digital MRV enables a vision of planetary improvement through large-scale nature restoration. Yet, as the technologies are largely used to produce a larger supply of more trust-worthy carbon credits, I suggest that digital MRV mainly serves to solve two issues in the VCM, namely that of buyers facing reputational risks and expected supply constraints. As such, I argue that digital MRV by providing non-disruptive disruption through making nature legible to market logics serves as a technical fix to the VCM’s legitimacy crisis. Rather than transforming carbon markets and nature restoration, digital technologies enable and relegitimise ongoing carbon offsetting practices and in turn capital accumulation by incumbent stakeholders.

Enhancing Security in Automotive Unified Diagnostic Services: A Lightweight Certificate Validation Verification Approach

Enhancing Security in Automotive Unified Diagnostic Services: A Lightweight Certificate Validation Verification Approach

An exploratory study of nursing tasks that induce physical and mental stress among hospital nurses

BackgroundNursing tasks are major contributing factors of nurses' stress. Identifying these stress-inducing tasks by hospital and department is the first step in devising practical strategies to address this issue. ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a nursing task list by categorizing nursing tasks and identifying the ones that induced physical and mental stress among hospital nurses. MethodsThis descriptive exploratory study was conducted. In the first phase, the nursing task list was formulated based on a literature review and an expert content validity verification. In the second phase, the stress-inducing (both physical and mental) nursing tasks in different departments at two types of hospitals were investigated from 775 nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2 test and ANOVA performed using SPSS/WIN 26.0. ResultsThe nursing task of “exercise and position change” was identified to cause the highest physical stress across all five departments in both advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Similarly, the nursing task “explanation of patients' condition upon request from the patients' family members” induced the greatest mental stress in both advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Finally, “substitution for physicians: prescription” was identified as the greatest mental stress-inducing nursing task in general hospitals. ConclusionBased on a nursing task list developed, we determined which nursing tasks induce physical and mental stress in different departments at two types of hospitals. This foundational work will be crucial for exploring practical strategies to relieve nurses' stress.