Group Of Operators Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS IMPLEMENTATION AND FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL INDICATORS OF AIRLINES

The main idea of the article is assessing the feasibility of introducing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for airlines. Moreover, the authors think that the environmental aspect in CSR is the most important, which predetermined the focus on this CSR component in the article. The article provides several examples of airlines that actively use CSR to improve their image, attract new, and increase the loyalty of existing customers. Environment indicators of the flight operations group on the performance indicators were established.

First-Attempt Intubation Success Among Emergency Medicine Trainees by Laryngoscopic Device and Training Year: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study.

We compare intubation first-attempt success with the direct laryngoscope, hyperangulated video laryngoscope, and standard geometry video laryngoscope among emergency medicine residents at various postgraduate years (PGY) of training. We analyzed prospective data from emergency department (ED) patients enrolled in the National Emergency Airway Registry from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 using mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the association between PGY of training and first-attempt success by the device. Among 15,204 intubations performed by emergency medicine trainees, first-attempt success for PGY-1, PGY-2, and PGY3+ residents, respectively were: 78.8% (95% CI, 75.0 to 82.2%), 81.3% (79.4 to 83.0), and 83.6% (95% CI, 82.1 to 85.1) for direct laryngoscope; 87.2% (95% CI, 84.2 to 89.7), 90.4% (95% CI, 88.8 to 91.9%), and 91.2% (95% CI, 89.8 to 92.5%) for hyperangulated video laryngoscope; and 88.7% (95% CI, 86.1 to 90.9), 90.2% (95% CI, 88.7 to 91.5%), and 94.6% (95% CI 93.9 to 95.3%) for standard geometry video laryngoscope. Direct laryngoscope first-attempt success improved for PGY-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR],1.41; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.82) and PGY-3+ (aOR, 1.76; 1.36 to 2.27) trainees compared to PGY-1. Hyperangulated video laryngoscope success also improved for PGY-2 (aOR, 1.51; 1.1 to 2.05) and PGY-3+ (aOR, 1.56; 1.15 to 2.13) trainees compared to PGY-1. For the standard geometry video laryngoscope, only PGY-3+ (aOR, 1.72; 1.25 to 2.36) was associated with improved first-attempt success compared to PGY-1. Each laryngoscopy device class was associated with improvement in first-attempt success as training progressed. The video laryngoscope outperformed the direct laryngoscope for all operator groups, and PGY-1 trainees achieved higher first-attempt success using a standard geometry video laryngoscope than PGY-3+ trainees using a direct laryngoscope. These findings support the conjecture that in adult patients, a direct laryngoscope should not be routinely used for the first intubation attempt unless clinical circumstances, such as the presence of a soiled airway, would favor its success. These findings need to be validated with prospective randomized clinical trials.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Annulative Difunctionalization of Two Inert C(sp3)–H Bonds by a Bifunctional Reagent

Illustrated herein is a Pd(II)-catalyzed direct difunctionalization of two C(sp3)–H bonds of aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives by bifunctional reagents (BFRs) of the 2-iodobenzoic acid series. The methyl 2-pyridyl sulfoximine (MPyS) bidentate directing group (DG), 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine ligand, AgOAc as a base, and NaBrO3 as a co-oxidant help the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) of inert C(sp3)–H bonds, as well as the reductive elimination; density functional theory (DFT) studies shed light on these crucial steps. This process makes two bonds [C–C and C–O] at gem-α,α′-di-Me groups in a single operation, offering access to unusual benzo-fused peripheral-substituted caprolactones. The transformation tolerates labile functional groups and allows the construction of a wide range of caprolactones with structural diversity. Mechanistic studies reveal the participation of monomeric Pd species in the catalytic cycle. The synthetic versatility of the complex molecular entities is also presented.

Adaptive fuzzy based threat evaluation method for air and missile defense systems

Threat evaluation is a vital process in air and missile defense systems. The reliable output of threat evaluation is essential in order to use sensor and weapon resources efficiently. Fuzzy rule-based system has been proven to be effective and widely used in threat evaluation decision support systems in air defense applications since it can model expert human knowledge. Creating this fuzzy rule-based system that reflects user behavior requires constructing fuzzy rules increasing exponentially with the number of fuzzy variables and the membership functions and subsequently manually tuning according to expected results. Building such a system is not only time-consuming but also difficult to adapt to changes of threat behavior in different operational contexts. In this paper, a methodology for automated generation and tuning of the fuzzy rule-based system has been proposed starting from a survey applied to air defense field experts to context-dependent near real-time adaptive tuning via interaction with the user during operation. The applicability of the proposed method is presented with numerical performance results using a survey applied to a group of air defense operators. Additionally, the effect of the context-dependent adaptive fuzzy rule-based tuning process is explored for different operational contexts.

Short-term efficacy analysis and comprehensive evaluation of laparoscopy for patients with rectal cancer-a prospective multi-center study

ObjectiveTo compare the short-term efficacy indicators of laparoscopic technique and open surgery in patients with rectal cancer surgery, and to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.MethodsThis study adopted a prospective multicenter, open-label, non-randomized concurrent control method to analyze patients who received rectal cancer surgery from 10 colorectal tumor centers across the country from January 2017 to December 2018. The two groups of patients received laparoscopic-assisted surgery and conventional open surgery respectively. All surgeons were selected according to relevant standards and participated in the two groups of operations at the same time. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the operation and postoperative recovery, postoperative pathological results, survival information, postoperative related functional scores and other indicators.ResultsIn the open surgery group, the proportion of tumors with a maximum diameter of more than 5 cm was higher (χ2 = 0.089, P = 0.018), and the proportion of T4 was higher (χ2 = 0.478, P < 0.001). In the laparoscopic group, the proportion of more than 12 harvested lymph nodes was higher (χ2 = 0.248, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the length of postoperative hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus after operation, time to first out of bed, time to first liquid diet, and preservation rate of anal sphincter between the two groups, but in the laparoscopic surgery group the operation time was shorter (t = 6.750, P < 0.001) and postoperative pain was less (t = 0.896, 0.63, 0.964, and 0.989 on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, respectively, all P < 0.001). The incidence of grade 2–4 adverse complication in the two groups was 12.5% and 14.6%, respectively, with no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.061, P = 0.105), but the incidence of incision infection was lower in the laparoscopy group (χ2 = 0.19, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 3-year disease-free survival between the two groups (HR = 1.089, 95% CI = 0.962–1.232, P = 0.170). Multivariate analysis suggested that intraoperative blood loss, T stage, N stage, nerve invasion, and postoperative sepsis were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Wexner score, IPSS score and LARS score were not statistically different between the two groups.ConclusionThe pathological results and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer are comparable to those of conventional open surgery, and laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for rectal cancer patients.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta Restorations Survival Rate: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare genetic disease affecting both dentitions. Factors such as age, socioeconomic status, dentition and AI type and severity should be taken into consideration in treatment planning. Aim: This retrospective study aimed to assess the survival rate of AI main restorative options and the effects of gender and dentition type. Methods: The study sample comprised 28 dental records of patients aged 5-17 years affected by AI (15 females, 13 males) and with anterior and/or posterior restoration in primary and/or permanent tooth/teeth. The fate of each restoration was classified into three categories: failed, withdrawn and censored and analyzed by the life table method of survival analysis. Results: Out of 233 restorations performed, the most frequently used restoration was preformed metal crowns (PMCs), followed by anterior composite, posterior composite, adhesive casting, Ketac fill and amalgam respectively. The two main restorations, PMCs and anterior composite were included in the statistical analysis. The survival rate of PMCs was significantly higher than anterior composite (p&lt;0.001). The anterior composite restorations survived significantly longer in males (p&lt;0.05). Females had significantly better survival rate of PMCs (p&lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant effect of the operator group of restoration survival. Conclusion: The anterior composite restorations survived significantly longer in males and females had significantly better survival rate of PMCs than males.

To Compare Mean Dash Score at 12 Weeks in Distal Radius Fracture Patients Treated Operatively (ORIF Group) Versus Those Treated Non-Operatively (CAST Group)

Aim: To compare wrist function by mean of DASH score at 12 weeks in distal radial fracture patients treated operatively (ORIF group) versus those treated non-operatively (CAST group). Methodology: The randomized controlled trial was conducted at The Indus Hospital Karachi, which is a tertiary care hospital from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 and the 12 weeks follow up was taken after the recruitment of the last patient and 96 patients were enrolled. Patients in the operative group were treated with a volar locking plate. Reduction and stabilization of fracture were done with the application of 2.7mm volar locking titanium distal radius anatomically contoured implants. Non-operative Treatment Protocol was that All patients were complete a six weeks immobilization in a splint. One repeated manipulation if needed was accepted in the first 3 weeks. Passive and active finger motion from the starting was encouraged. Formal physiotherapy in this group was started 6 weeks after the removal of the cast. In the twelfth week, the functional assessment was examined by a physiotherapist or orthopaedic resident in both the Cast group and ORIF. Results: Thirty (31.3%) were in operative and 66(68.8%) were in non-operative group. No significant difference were found in age, height, weight, and BMI between both the groups (Mean: 42.7 vs 41.6 years, p=0.644; 156.5 vs 156.4 cm, p=0.962, 61.0 vs 59.5 kg, p=0.557, 24.9 vs 24.5, p=0.395 respectively). Moreover, distribution of gender, dominant hand, and injured hand was also similar in both the groups (p=0.427, p=0.587, and p= 0.673). DASH score were found to be significantly lower in operative group as compared to non-operative cast group (median 17.5 vs 28.8, p&lt;0.0001, mean 16.6 vs 27.9, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: At 12 weeks volar locking plates significantly produced better clinical and functional outcomes as compared with the treatment by Cast. The significantly anatomical reduction was more possible to be conserved in the operating group, but in the operative group, early mobilization achieved is the key to better achieving functional outcomes. Keywords: Distal radius extra-articular fractures, DASH score, Wrist function

Building agricultural innovation capacity from the bottom up: Using spillover effects from projects to strengthen agricultural innovation systems

CONTEXTCurrent research emphasises that agricultural innovation projects are influenced in multiple ways by the Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) in which they operate. Yet little attention has been paid to the reverse direction of this relationship, i.e. how agricultural innovation projects affect AIS in the course of their innovative activities. Accordingly, there are currently no tools to measure such AIS spillovers from agricultural innovation projects. OBJECTIVEThis paper shows that even where agricultural innovation projects have not been designed with the explicit aim of influencing AIS they can have spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. Based on this finding, it argues that designing agricultural innovation projects in a way that maximises such positive and reduces negative AIS spillovers would be a useful tool for strengthening agricultural innovation capacities in a particular territory or sector. METHODSBased on the concept of agricultural innovation projects as Organisational Innovation Systems (OIS) that are embedded in AIS, the paper develops an analytical framework for assessing spillovers of such projects on AIS and applies it to a case study of an Operational Group in the German Federal State of Hessen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe case study shows that agricultural innovation projects may yield diverse spillovers on the AIS in which they operate. In addition to considering how agricultural innovation projects are shaped – constrained and/or enabled – by AIS, the research community on agricultural innovation should pay more attention to this side of the interrelation of AIS and agricultural innovation projects. Designing agricultural innovation projects responsibly so that spillovers on AIS are monitored can help to improve national or sectoral AIS. SIGNIFICANCEThis paper points to an underexplored issue in research on agricultural innovation and, related to this, a thus far unused potential policy tool for improving national and sectoral AIS. It further develops the concept of innovation projects as OIS into an approach for assessing the effects of projects on AIS; an area of project assessment that until now has not been adequately covered.

Lie n-algebras and cohomologies of relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-Lie algebras

Based on the differential graded Lie algebra controlling deformations of an n-Lie algebra with a representation (called an n-LieRep pair), we construct a Lie n-algebra, whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-LieRep pairs. The notion of an n-pre-Lie algebra is introduced, which is the underlying algebraic structure of the relative Rota-Baxter operator. We give the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators and study infinitesimal deformations and extensions of order m deformations to order m+1 deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators through the cohomology groups of relative Rota-Baxter operators. Moreover, we build the relation between the cohomology groups of relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-LieRep pairs and those on (n+1)-LieRep pairs by certain linear functions.

Three-Dimensional Volumetric Analysis of the Effect of Interval Time in Autologous Fat Graft Breast Augmentation.

Autologous adipose tissue has become increasingly popular in cosmetic and plastic reconstructive surgery, especially breast augmentation surgery. However, the volume retention rate after transplantation significantly varies and may be unsatisfactory. Many patients need two or more autologous fat graft breast augmentations to achieve the expected effect. There are currently no studies on optimal timing between fat injections. We identified target patients with secondary or multiple autologous fat transplantations by inclusion and exclusion criteria and used three-dimensional scanning technology to calculate the volume retention. Patients were divided into two groups according to the dates of the first and second operations (group A: interoperative time < 120 days, group B: interoperative time ≥ 120 days). We used SPSS 26 for statistical calculations. We included 161 patients in this retrospective study, with an average volume retention rate of 36.56% in group A (n = 85) and 27.45% in group B (n = 76). The independent sample t test showed that the volume retention rate in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.001). And the paired t test showed there is a significant improvement of volume retention rate after the second fat graft session (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the interval time was an independent factor affecting the postoperative volume retention rate. The interval time between autologous fat transplantation for augmentation mammaplasty was an independent factor affecting the postoperative volume retention rate. The postoperative volume retention rate of the < 120 days group was higher than that of the ≥ 120 days group. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Psychophysiological correlates of operators’ predisposition to the development of critical fatigue level

Factors such as emotional stress, extreme work conditions, neuropsychiatric stress, the need to maintain an increased level of attention for a long time can lead to violations, maladaptation and the development of operator fatigue. In the course of the study, we revealed statistically significant differences in attentional-mnestic performance indicators in groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue. It is established that the use of a complex of psychophysiological tests "Jaguar" in parallel with the study of sensorimotor tracking operations by the program "Smile" is informative for differentiating groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue.

Hopf fibration in a C*‐module†

AbstractLet X be a right C*‐module over a unital C*‐algebra . We study the Hopf fibration of X: where the projective space of X is the set of singly generated orthocomplemented submodules of X, is the set of elements of X, which generate such submodules, and module generated by . The group of unitary operators of the module X acts on both spaces. We introduce a Finsler metric in , which is invariant under the unitary action. Our main results establish that the map is distance decreasing (when the projective space of X is considered with its natural unitary invariant metric), and a minimality result in , characterizing metric geodesics in this space.

Null Controllability of Nonlinear Mixed Integro-differential Systems

The present paper investigates the existence of mild solutions and provides sufficient conditions for the null controllability of nonlinear mixed integrodifferential systems with unbounded linear operators in Banach spaces. It is observed that, if the linear system is controllable, then the nonlinear equivalence is also controllable by subjecting certain smooth conditions on the perturbation function. The results are obtained using semi group of linear operators, fractional powers of operators and the Schauder fixed point theorem.

Modular Component-Based Quantum Circuit Synthesis

In this article, we present a novel method for synthesizing quantum circuits from user-supplied components. Given input-output state vectors and component quantum gates, our synthesizer aims to construct a quantum circuit that implements the provided functionality in terms of the supplied component gates. To achieve this, we basically use an enumerative search with pruning. To accelerate the procedure, however, we perform the search and pruning at the module level; instead of simply enumerating candidate circuits by appending component gates in sequence, we stack modules, which are groups of gate operations. With this modular approach, we can effectively reduce the search space by directing the search in a way that bridges the gap between the current circuit and the input-output specification. Evaluation on 17 benchmark problems shows that our technique is highly effective at synthesizing quantum circuits. Our method successfully synthesized 16 out of 17 benchmark circuits in 96.6 seconds on average. On the other hand, the conventional, gate-level synthesis algorithm succeeded in 10 problems with an average time of 639.1 seconds. Our algorithm increased the speed of the baseline by 20.3x for the 10 problems commonly solved by both approaches.

Growth and characterization of D-Alanine DL-Mandelic acid single crystals for antibacterial activity and optical limiting applications

A promising optically prospective D-Alanine DL-Mandelic acid (DADLMA) an organic single crystal was successfully grown at room temperature by a slow solvent evaporation approach. The monoclinic crystal structure of the title crystal with space group C2 has been verified. The existence of multiple operational groups and linkages in the DADLMA crystal was ensured with the FTIR spectrum. The grown crystal was investigated to determine optical absorption cut-off wavelength (274 nm), energy band gap and linear refractive index by the UV–Visible absorption spectrum. The luminescence response has been observed to probe the compatibility of the material for the production of optical devices and the grown crystal shows a peak at 570 nm. The major focus of our work was to determine NLO properties of the sample and the DADLMA crystal was investigated for the first attempt by Z-scan measurement to bring out third-order nonlinear optical properties. The determined values are β (0.0149 × 10-4 cm/W), n2 (3.351 × 10-10 cm2/W) and χ(3) (1.674 × 10-7esu). The antibacterial activity of the title compound was investigated against a few foodborne pathogens (Streptococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) by measuring the zone of inhibition. Existing data indicate that the synthesized crystals are potential candidates for opto-electronic devices, optical limiting devices and biological applications.

Reflections on an interprofessional student placement initiative in care homes.

Interprofessional learning can offer students from different disciplines an opportunity to learn from, with and about each other. Additionally, practice placements in care home settings can offer students a rich learning experience. In 2021, a pilot interprofessional student placement initiative in care homes took place in the Manchester area, with three care homes and 17 students from a range of health and social care disciplines. In this article, the members of the core operational group that implemented the initiative reflect on their experiences. Using the 'What? So what? Now what?' reflective framework, they describe the context of the initiative, explore the lessons learned and make recommendations for future initiatives. The authors' intention is to inspire other educators to consider offering interprofessional placements to students, recognise the value of care homes as placement settings, and acknowledge the benefits of using reflection-in-action and reflective frameworks in healthcare education and practice.

Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) in Emergency Caused by Captain Incapacitation

The authors present a new approach to decision-making to ensure the proper collaboration of different personnel. Models are used in intelligent integrated decision support systems, especially for actions in emergencies. Behavioral deterministic models are used for synchronization actions of all operators, to support and timely predicting of operators' actions in an emergency. To determine the quantitative characteristics of risk levels, models for collaborative decision making (CDM) under uncertainty by the operators (pilots, air traffic controllers, flight/dispatch), and other invited specialists, have been developed. The decision-making modeling of a group of operators in case of an emergency situation such as “pilot incapacitation” was presented. The methodological basis for CDM in certainty is network planning, in conditions of Stochastic uncertainty – is a decision tree, in conditions of non-stochastic uncertainty – is a matrix of decisions, and outcomes are made this using the expert judgment method for obtaining quantity estimations.

Operational Groups of the NKGB and a Reconstruction of the Soviet Security Apparatus in Axis Occupied Ukraine, 1943–44

This article elucidates the reconstruction of the Soviet security apparatus during World War II in what today is western Ukraine. In late 1943 to early 1944, six operational groups of the People’s Commissariat of State Security of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic headed to the Axis occupied territories with orders to re-establish contacts with Soviet secret agents and create a support infrastructure for the deployment of other operational groups, special purposes units, and individual agents, as well as to infiltrate organizations of Polish and Ukrainian nationalists. The essay examines Soviet special operations within the context of state efforts to project power into the Axis occupied territories. It sheds light on the objectives of Soviet security agencies and on the activities of individual units in the field.

ORGANIZATION OF THE LOGISTICS PROCESS OF CARGO HANDLING

The paper establishes that the logistics process in a warehouse includes a technological process of cargo handling, which covers the totality of all main and auxiliary operations carried out in a certain sequence. The success of the rational organization of the technological process in a warehouse is closely related to the optimal selection and implementation of the warehousing system, which determines what technical means will be used for each operation. In addition, it has been found that the biggest problem that exists in a warehouse when managing the cargo handling process is the connection between material (commodity) and information (document management) flows. Therefore, in order to improve this process, the paper proposes a functional model of the logistics process of cargo handling in a warehouse that will allow for a visual demonstration of the interconnected promotion of material (goods flow) and information flows through the warehouse. In addition, in order to optimize management decision-making, analysis and monitoring of logistics costs, the paper provides an appropriate decomposition of the logistics process of cargo handling by the main groups of operations: unloading, receiving and warehousing, picking, shipping and delivery. Thus, the rational implementation of the logistics process in a warehouse is the key to the warehouseʼs profitability. Therefore, a rationally organized logistics process in a warehouse will help to achieve: rational warehouse planning when allocating work areas, which helps to reduce costs and improve the cargo handling process; efficient use of space when placing equipment, which will increase the warehouse capacity; use of universal equipment that performs various warehouse operations and significantly reduces the fleet of lifting and handling machines; minimization of intra-warehouse transportation routes in order to reduce operating costs.

An Investigation and Benchmarking Model for Developing Sustainable Material Use Among Turkish Airport Operators

Sustainable material use refers to the capacity of a material to be utilized in a way that does not deplete the Earth’s natural resources or harm the ecosystem. This lowering might entail employing renewable or recyclable materials and reducing the overall quantity of material utilized in airport services. Renewable materials, recyclable materials, biodegradable materials, reusable materials, low-impact materials (low-emission materials), natural materials, and non-toxic materials are sustainable materials used in airports. There are 58 civil airports operated in Turkiye. The public information on the airport operators’ websites can assess sustainable material use in these airports. Mentioned 58 airports are operated under ten different airport groups. This study offered a novel scoring system called CACS which stands for Clarity, Accessibility, Continuity, and Suitability, to retrieve sustainable material use from sustainability reports of airport operators. The model proposed in this paper will help the readers benchmark a group of airports not present in the literature. The results show that İGA airport is the highest score among the ten airports, followed by TAV airports at 820.6 and 256.3, respectively. The top five airports encapsulate 97.44% after the Normalization of passenger counts of Turkiye. Airport operators’ sustainable material usage and other sustainability benchmarking on numerous domains based on sustainability reporting systems would draw the public and increase awareness, allowing operator firms and airport authorities to concentrate on creating a more livable future.