Operational Rules Research Articles

Problem Analysis and Legal Protection of the Exercise of Teachers’ Educational Disciplinary Rights Based on the Background of Big Data

Abstract The right of education and discipline is an important way of school education and teaching management, teachers to fulfill the teaching and educating people, the implementation of the fundamental task of moral education. This paper firstly discusses the dilemma of exercising the right to discipline teachers in education, and also analyzes the legal nature of the right to discipline in education and the impact on the emotional performance of teachers and students in the process of exercising the right. Secondly, cochlear filtering combined with CNN and LSTM network is introduced to extract the speech characteristics of teachers in the process of exercising the right of education and discipline, and a hybrid neural network model is used to realize the recognition and prediction of students’ auditory emotions. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the method of this paper, experimental test analysis was carried out, and a comprehensive rule of law guarantee proposal was given in the process of exercising the right of teachers’ educational discipline. The results show that the maximum value of the intensity of the teacher’s speech signal after processing using the cochlear filter is 78.28dB, and the difference with the original signal is only 0.32%. The accuracy of recognizing students’ auditory emotions reached 90.48% after over 50 iterations. Under the background of big data, the right to discipline teachers in education needs to be analyzed with the help of technology for the data analysis of the appropriateness of exercise, and it is united in a number of aspects, such as strengthening the legislation, standardizing the implementation, strengthening the supervision, and perfecting the relief, as a way to help the comprehensive rule of law operation of the right to discipline teachers in education.

Metaverse‐based decentralised autonomous organisation in energy systems

AbstractDeveloping renewable energy generation (REG)‐rich power systems could contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. To ensure the secure and economic operation of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy, it is necessary to solve the problem of inefficient utilisation of demand‐side resources by the current electricity market mechanism. The metaverse, an emerging technology attracting widespread attention, is expected to efficiently solve this problem. The metaverse can be regarded as a virtual‐real interactive economic system built on advanced technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, extended reality, avatars, and decentralised autonomous organisations (DAO). This paper first briefly introduces the concept, architecture, technologies, and features of the metaverse. Then, a metaverse‐based DAO for energy systems is proposed and the corresponding business model is explored. The Energy DAO utilises algorithms and user consensus combined with smart contracts to solidify organisational operation rules. In this way, it organises users to directly participate in multiple types of electricity markets and carbon markets, as well as behavioural data production and transactions. Finally, an Energy DAO example for demand‐side sources demonstrates how the Energy DAO could solve the problems of information asymmetry, information opacity, and incentive incompatibility in electricity market mechanisms.

X Ban and its Effects on Nigeria’s Political and Economic Development

X is an essential platform for information exchange, marketing customer services and remote work, especially during public health and safety emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic making its ban in Nigeria impossible not to affect a wide spectrum of its subscribers and slow commerce, cut productivity and ultimately jobs losses aside from the internal and external political implications that accompanied it as well. Hence, the paper’s objective is to ascertain the extent to which the X ban affected Nigerian political and economic development using the lens of small and medium scales enterprises (SMEs).Lagos state and computer village, renown for computer, mobile phones and other digital enabling devices in the sub-national unit of Nigeria, the business nerve center of the country, was selected as focus for the study because of the appropriateness of its features. Thedescriptive survey design was adopted for the research and the findings revealed that the suspension adversely affected Nigeria’s political and economic development as it breached Nigerians’ human right to expression, stained the country’s national image, devastate the e-commerce businesses such as lowering profits and cut jobs which increases unemployment rate. The study recommends that the government should improve on human rights respect, and explore alternative dispute resolution measures while X embraces adherence to national operational rules and laws amongst others.

Hamacher Operations for Complex Cubic q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets and Their Application to Multiple-Attribute Group Decision Making

In this paper, based on the advantages of q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs), complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) and cubic sets (CSs), the concept of complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (CCuq-ROFSs) is introduced and their operation rules and properties are discussed. The objective of this paper was to develop some novel Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) operators for any complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (CCuq-ROFNs) using Hamacher t-norm and t-conorm inspired arithmetic operations. The advantage of employing Hamacher t-norm and t-conorm based arithmetic operations with the MSM operator lies in their ability to take into account not only the interrelationships among multiple attributes but also to provide flexibility in the aggregation process due to the involvement of additional parameters. Also, the prominent characteristic of the MSM is that it can capture the interrelationship among the multi-input arguments and can provide more flexible and robust information fusion. Thus, based on the CCuq-ROF environment, we develop some new Hamacher operations for CCuq-ROFSs, such as the complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher average (CCuq-ROFHA) operator, the weighted complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher average (WCCuq-ROFHA) operator, the complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher Maclaurin symmetric mean (CCuq-ROFHMSM) operator and the weighted complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher Maclaurin symmetric mean (WCCuq-ROFHMSM) operator. Further, we develop a novel multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) approach based on the proposed operators in a complex cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method through a detailed comparison with existing methods.

Long-term operation rules of a hydro–wind–photovoltaic hybrid system considering forecast information

The large-scale integration of wind and solar energy into cascade hydropower stations increases the complexity of hydraulic/electrical relationships and requires a modification of conventional scheduling mode for better energy system performance. This study focuses on the long-term operation rules for hydro–wind–photovoltaics (PV) hybrid energy systems (HESs). Based on the conventional operation chart, a cascade energy operation chart that couples wind, PV output, and runoff forecasts is proposed to obtain the total output of HES, which can promote the utilization of the joint regulation of cascade hydropower stations. A total output allocation method based on the cascade energy operation chart is established to coordinate the operation of each power station. Then an operation chart optimization model with objectives of maximizing power generation and output reliability is proposed to improve HES performance. The case study reveals that compared with the conventional reservoir operation chart, 1) the optimized cascade energy operation chart increased power generation of HES by 9.2 %; 2) the reservoir impounding timing was delayed, the drawdown timing was brought forward, and the drawdown depth was increased; 3) the reliability of HES power output was improved, and the output corresponding to the 95 % guaranteed rate requirement was increased by 18 %.

Inter-basin water transfers under changing climate and land use: Assessing water security and hydropower in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil

The intensification of climate extremes and land uses poses a major challenge for water managers, especially in heavily populated basins with large reservoirs, multiple uses, and inter-basin transfers. In this study, we analyzed water security in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, responsible for supplying a significant fraction of the needs of Brazil's two largest metropolitan areas through water transfer. Unless existent studies emphasize aspects of water scarcity disregarding other competitive water use, we considered the impacts on hydropower generation in a fully integrated modeling framework, which includes reservoir operation rules. To achieve this, we integrated future projections of land uses, global climate change (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), and water demand for the period 2016–2055. Most of the climate change scenarios suggested a reduction in the frequency of both high and low flows, by nearly 25%, which resulted in an increase in flow regularization in the main basin's reservoirs. An undesirable consequence of those trends was the reduction of hydropower generation. Regarding water supply to the metropolis outside the basin, results indicated a possibility of a more contentious water governance scenario. The long-term sustainability of the basin's water resources will require implementing policies to enhance water use efficiency and reuse, in combination with other renewable energy sources.

Normative analysis of the paternity presumption in Article 1073 of the Civil Code of China

The legal system of parentage is a mature rule in traditional civil law, encompassing the acknowledgment and denial of parent-child relationships. In China, the parentage legal system outlined in the Civil Code is a guiding provision that requires supplementary operational rules. The rule of parentage presumption, as a crucial component of the parentage legal system, serves as the premise and foundation of the entire parentage system. China’s parentage presumption involves both legal and factual presumptions. To elucidate the legislative intent and objective expression of the legal provisions concerning parentage in the Civil Code, it is necessary to clarify the legal attributes, logic, and effects of parentage presumption. Based on this, deviations in legal application due to inconsistent interpretations by different judges should be identified and adjusted. There exist four challenges in the practical application of the parentage presumption rule within the Chinese judicial system. It is imperative for judges to possess a precise and consistent understanding of these challenges. Article 1073 of the Civil Code and judicial interpretations constitute a remedial mechanism for parentage presumption. However, for this article to yield the intended legal effects, detailed specifications are needed regarding the parties eligible to file denial lawsuits of legitimate children, the grounds for denial, and the statute of limitations. Additionally, the implied recognition system reflected in the legal provision should also be supplemented with unified and applicable regulations to ensure operability within China’s legal system. Only with consistent legislative interpretations and applications can the consistency of legal application in parentage relationships be safeguarded, thereby upholding the authority of the Civil Code.

A Prescriptive Simulation Framework with Realistic Behavioural Modelling for Emergency Evacuations

Emergency and crisis simulations play a pivotal role in equipping authorities worldwide with the necessary tools to minimize the impact of catastrophic events. Various studies have explored the integration of intelligence into Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for crisis simulation. This involves incorporating psychological behaviours from the social sciences and utilizing data-driven machine learning models with predictive capabilities. A recent advancement in behavioural modelling is the Conscious Movement Model (CMM), designed to modulate an agent’s movement patterns dynamically as the situation unfolds. Complementing this, the model incorporates a Conscious Movement Memory-Attention (CMMA) mechanism, enabling learnability through training on pedestrian trajectories extracted from video data. The CMMA facilitates mapping a pedestrian’s attention to their surroundings and understanding how their past decisions influence their subsequent actions. This study proposes an efficient framework that integrates the trained CMM into a simulation model specifically tailored for emergency evacuations, ensuring realistic outcomes. The resulting simulation framework automates strategy management and planning for diverse emergency evacuation scenarios. A single-objective method is presented for generating prescriptive analytics, offering effective strategy options based on predefined operational rules. To validate the framework’s efficacy, a case study of a theatre evacuation is conducted. In essence, this research establishes a robust simulation framework for crisis management, with a particular emphasis on modelling pedestrians during emergency evacuations. The framework generates prescriptive analytics to aid authorities in executing rescue and evacuation operations effectively.

Basic rules of safe operation of universal logging machines

For small and low-volume logging enterprises that predominate in the forest complex of the Russian Federation, in conditions of an acute shortage of forest fellers, universal logging machines are one of the most preferred options for carrying out logging operations. Compared with classic multi-machine logging complexes, they require significantly less capital, operators, and the cost of moving them from cutting area to cutting area. The article considers modern variants of universal logging machines — harvesters, forwarders, and felling — skidding-processing machines, and the rules for their safe operation.

Dual Hesitant q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Interaction Partitioned Bonferroni Mean Operators and Their Applications

The purpose of this paper is to introduce interaction partitioned Bonferroni mean operators under dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment. Motivated by the idea of q-rung orthopair fuzzy interaction operational laws, partitioned Bonferroni mean, and dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, for dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, we present dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy interaction operational rules and propose several dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy interaction partitioned Bonferroni mean aggregation operators, including the interaction partitioned Bonferroni mean operator for dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, the weighted interaction partitioned Bonferroni mean operator for dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, the interaction partitioned geometric Bonferroni mean operator for dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, and the weighted interaction partitioned geometric Bonferroni mean operator for dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers. Moreover, some properties and special cases associated with these proposed operators are also analyzed. For dual hesitant q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, based on the proposed operators, a multicriteria group decision-making method is proposed. Finally, an example for missile purchase problem is illustrated to demonstrate the superiority and feasibility by comparing with other existing multicriteria group decision-making methods.

Analysis of the Potential Utilization of Semantok Reservoir For the Fulfillment of Raw Water and Irrigation Water

Each reservoir's need for water is increasing, including the Semantok Reservoir. It is intended to provide 312 l/sec of raw water needs and irrigation water for 1,900 acres. To assess whether irrigation water requirements are met, it is important to simulate using the Standard Operating Rule (SOR) technique and the QM For Windows V5 linear program. This simulation model incorporates normal year, dry year, and wet year flow along with monthly mid-month discharge input. The scenario was created using the QM For Windows V5 linear program under 25 year and 50 year circumstances. Simulations based on usual years, dry years, and wet years using the SOR technique and the QM For Windows linear software indicate 100% fulfillment in every year. The water discharge in 2048 in dry years is 0.22 m3/sec, in normal years is 0.31 m3/sec, and in wet years is 0.34 m3/sec, according to the analysis of the QM For Windows V5 linear program by simulating conditions for 25 years and 50 years, while in 2073 in dry years is 0.17 m3/sec, normal year is 0.23 m3/sec, and wet year reaches 0.33 m3/sec, and recommending an increase in.

A traffic-fractal-element-based congestion model considering the uneven distribution of road traffic

The uneven distribution of road traffic has been proven to play a crucial role in congestion evolution within urban transportation networks. Establishing congestion models to explore congestion evolution under its impact is of great significance for predicting congestion. Current congestion models commonly describe the uneven distribution of traffic on roads through continuous differential equations or the simulation of vehicle operational rules by which to model traffic flow dynamics. However, these models fail to directly reveal the mechanism by which the uneven distribution characteristics affect congestion, which is not conducive to uncovering the fundamental factors that affect congestion evolution and general laws for predicting congestion. Therefore, this paper first constructs traffic fractal elements (TFE) based on the fractal characteristics exhibited by uneven traffic distribution. A local parameter namely the load duty ratio (LDR) is introduced to represent the uneven distribution level of TFE. By employing the fractal interpolation function (FIF), we model road traffic as the iterations of TFE. Then we define the fractal evolution rule and the load transfer rule to inscribe the influence relationship between LDR of TFE and global congestion, ultimately establishing a TFE-based congestion model. Furthermore, the proposed TFE-based model is validated using empirical data from AMAP and simulation data from a calibrated Cellular Automata (CA) model. Finally, by comparing the results with a CA-based congestion model, the LDR of TFE is confirmed to be a comprehensive and indicative parameter affecting congestion evolution. By simulating and fitting the congestion evolution data under different LDRs, our proposed model demonstrates its value in congestion prediction and analysis.

A tri-level programming-based frequency regulation market equilibrium under cyber attacks

Owing to their flexibility and rapid response, grid-connected distributed energy resources (DERs) are wielding growing influence in frequency regulation markets (FRMs). Nevertheless, compared with conventional large-scale generators, small-scale DERs are usually weakly shielded by cyber security measures. This offers attackers the opportunity of disrupting the clearing and settlement of FRMs by manipulating the bid information of DERs. In this paper, the frequency regulation market equilibrium is studied considering the dynamic gaming between attackers and defenders, both of which need the knowledge of FRMs for their interventions. Specifically, a tri-level programming model characterizing the attacker–defender–operator (ADO) interdiction problem in FRMs is developed and then analyzed using a column and constraint generation algorithm, thereby achieving market equilibrium representing the defender's best response to the attacker. The defense strategy in the market equilibrium can attenuate the negative influence of cyber attacks upon the FRMs to the maximum extent. Finally, based on the operating rules of the California Independent System Operator, the FRM process considering the ADO interdiction is simulated and the numerical equilibrium results are presented.

AGC regulation capability prediction and optimization of coal-fired thermal power plants

The improvement of the AGC regulation capability of thermal power plants is very important for the secure and stable operation of the power grid, especially in the situation of large-scale renewable energy access to the power grid. In this study, the prediction and optimization for the AGC regulation capability of thermal power plants is proposed. Firstly, considering parameters related to the AGC regulation of the thermal power plant, the max-relevance and min-redundancy (mRMR) is used to extract features from historical sequences of the parameters. Next, a model with multi-long short-term neural networks (mLSTM) is constructed to predict the AGC regulation capability; that is, the obtained feature set is considered as the inputs of the first LSTM sub-model to predict future values of the main steam pressure and main steam temperature, which are then utilized as the inputs of the second LSTM sub-model to predict the actual power generation during AGC regulation operation. Then, the AGC regulation index is calculated according to the “management rules of grid-connected operation of power plant in Northern China” and “management rules of auxiliary service of the grid-connected power plant in Northern China” (i.e., “two rules”), and it is then considered as the objective function to be maximized by optimizing the coal feed rate, air supply rate, and feedwater flow rate. Finally, the actual AGC regulation process of a 300 MW coal-fired power plant is used as an application, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively predict and improve the regulation capability when the AGC instruction is received from the power grid.

Properties of Multivariable Hermite Polynomials in Correlation with Frobenius–Genocchi Polynomials

The evolution of a physical system occurs through a set of variables, and the problems can be treated based on an approach employing multivariable Hermite polynomials. These polynomials possess beneficial properties exhibited in functional and differential equations, recurring and explicit relations as well as symmetric identities, and summation formulae, among other examples. In view of these points, comprehensive schemes have been developed to apply the principle of monomiality from mathematical physics to various mathematical concepts of special functions, the development of which has encompassed generalizations, extensions, and combinations of other functions. Accordingly, this paper presents research on a novel family of multivariable Hermite polynomials associated with Frobenius–Genocchi polynomials, deriving the generating expression, operational rule, differential equation, and other defining characteristics for these polynomials. Additionally, the monomiality principle for these polynomials is verified, as well as establishing the series representations, summation formulae, operational and symmetric identities, and recurrence relations satisfied by these polynomials. This proposed scheme aims to provide deeper insights into the behavior of these polynomials and to uncover new connections between these polynomials, to enhance understanding of their properties.

Direct integration of reservoirs' operations in a hydrological model for streamflow estimation: coupling a CLSTM model with MOHID-Land

Abstract. Knowledge about streamflow regimes and values is essential for different activities and situations in which justified decisions must be made. However, streamflow behavior is commonly assumed to be non-linear, being controlled by various mechanisms that act on different temporal and spatial scales, making its estimation challenging. An example is the construction and operation of infrastructures such as dams and reservoirs in rivers. The challenges faced by modelers to correctly describe the impact of dams on hydrological systems are considerable. In this study, an already implemented solution of the MOHID-Land (where MOHID stands for HYDrodinamic MOdel, or MOdelo HIDrodinâmico in Portuguese) model for a natural flow regime in the Ulla River basin was considered as a baseline. The watershed referred to includes three reservoirs. Outflow values were estimated considering a basic operation rule for two of them (run-of-the-river dams) and considering a data-driven model of a convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) type for the other (high-capacity dam). The outflow values obtained with the CLSTM model were imposed in the hydrological model, while the hydrological model fed the CLSTM model with the level and the inflow of the reservoir. This coupled system was evaluated daily using two hydrometric stations located downstream of the reservoirs, resulting in an improved performance compared with the baseline application. The analysis of the modeled values with and without reservoirs further demonstrated that considering dams' operations in the hydrological model resulted in an increase in the streamflow during the dry season and a decrease during the wet season but with no differences in the average streamflow. The coupled system is thus a promising solution for improving streamflow estimates in modified catchments.

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN FARMERS’ ORGANIZATIONS IN IRRIGATION FIXED-WEIR SYSTEM OPERATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A Case Study of the Colo Fixed-Weir Irrigation Area, Bengawan Solo Watershed

The world’s climate change has an impact on the hydrological cycle which disrupts the water supply of irrigation systems. Water resource management is the key to solutions, especially in the agricultural sector. Therefore, efficient management of water resources in all irrigation areas (DI) must be carried out. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a participatory watershed management concept that is expected to increase the carrying capacity of the watershed so that it continues to be sustainable [1]. The irrigation network is one of the management components in IWRM that involves the role of farmer organizations including Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A), Gabungan Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (GP3A) dan Induk Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (IP3A) [2]. The management of water resources involves many stakeholders with a large area having main problems with water distribution in the dry season due to distribution problems that lead to conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of farmer organizations in irrigation network operational activities for the sustainability of IWRM management in the Colo Fixed-Weir which consists of 12 DI and is divided into West Colo consists of Klaten, Wonogiri, and Sukoharjo areas, and East Colo consists of Sukoharjo, Karangnyar, Sragen, and Ngawi. The focus of this research is on irrigation management under GP3A Karanganyar with an area of 119 Ha, consisting of 16 villages that received awards. Data were collected in the form of legal documents that regulate institutional and organizational performance in Colo Fixed-Weir. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted on GP3A and management apparatus in Karanganyar. Deep-interview with the head of GP3A was conducted also. Data were analyzed to find the performance of GP3A and P3A who can manage water resources in DI according to their needs while carrying out their functions and roles under policy regulations. The conclusion is that the key success factors are trusted leadership and the presence of local wisdom in the farming community. And the operational rules are technical, measurable, and scheduled in the agreement, which can be managed flexibly according to the situation of the farmers’ needs. This can be done because between them there is mutual trust and a sense of responsibility for the common interest.

Optimal Core Acquisition and Remanufacturing Decisions With Discrete Core Quality Grades

The acquisition of used products (cores) is essential for leveraging the advantages of remanufacturing. Due to limited historical information about cores, it is difficult for the remanufacturers to accurately assess the quality of cores before disassembly and inspection. In this article, we investigate the joint acquisition and remanufacturing problem with a discrete empirical distribution. Under both deterministic and stochastic demands, two integer programming models are developed to obtain operational rules for making optimal decisions. Since the discrete empirical distribution is assumed to be the nominal distribution or asymptotic distribution of the true quality, the error caused by the difference between the estimated discrete empirical distribution and the true distribution cannot be neglected. Thus, we evaluate the error using the Phi-divergence measure, and the corresponding effects of this difference on the resultant acquisition and remanufacturing rules are analyzed. Through numerical examples, we observe that optimal acquisition and remanufacturing decisions are negatively affected by the difference between the estimated distribution and the true distribution, even if the estimated distribution can pass a hypothesis test. Furthermore, to overcome suboptimal outcomes, a multisource information fusion approach is proposed, which can utilize quality information collected from multiple sources to make accurate acquisition and remanufacturing decisions.

Supernatural operating rules: How people envision and experience God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, fate/destiny, karma, and luck.

Supernatural operating rules: How people envision and experience God, the devil, ghosts/spirits, fate/destiny, karma, and luck.

Changing Rules While Playing: On the Affective Potential of In-Game Rule Changes

Abstract The essay deals with a powerful feature of games, the phenomenon of in-game rule change or, more specifically, the occasional, even if regulated, breach of contract between the game and the player, which has a dramatic effect on the player’s experience. I attempt to define this phenomenon through the concepts of operational rules, meaningful play, board state and victory points, and then review our perceptions and preconceptions of board games, which are seen in most cases as a balanced means of social puzzle solving. The examples discussed demonstrate that some modern games are far more interactive, dynamic, and less balanced than we might imagine, which makes rule changes during play possible and dramatic. (GZK)