Operational Practices Research Articles

Green Operations Practices and Their Role in Achieving Environmental Sustainability Through Intelligent Quality Management (An Analytical Study of The Opinions of a Sample of Employees at the Ur General Company in Iraq)

This study aimed to determine the impact of green operations practices in achieving environmental sustainability through intelligent quality management. The hypothetical plan was built according to the three variables of the study, in light of which the main and sub-hypotheses were developed. This study was applied and tested in the government sector of Ur General Company, affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals. The questionnaire was used as a method to collect data from a sample of 290 individuals. The results indicated that there is a positive impact of green operations practices on environmental sustainability. Therefore, when the company conducts its operations while paying attention to the concept of the environment, it will produce green operations with many opportunities that can be developed. Based on the results that were reached, a number of recommendations were proposed, the most prominent of which was the interest in implementing green operations practices in the company sample of the study by developing all green practices that would work to reduce the environmental damage resulting from the organization’s operations from polluting emissions and waste of resources and energy.

A novel passive-active detection system for false data injection attacks in industrial control systems

With the increasing occurrence of incidents causing significant damage due to attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), people pay attention to the cyber security of ICSs. This study improves existing active detection mechanisms and proposes an integrated passive-active detection system to detect False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) for ICS. Since it is challenging to detect FDIA in current operational practices, the method presented in this research not only compares passive received system data with predefined rules to detect attacks but also launches active detection by controlling actuators to find attackers and achieve comprehensive detection of FDIA targeting ICS. This work dynamically adjusts the frequency of launching active detection through risk assessment, aiming to minimize the impact on operational efficiency during low-risk periods and reduce the time required for detecting attacks during high-risk periods. The experimental results show that using the proposed system, when false data differs by 10 % from accurate data, the detection rate can reach 99.9 %, which is 22.5 % higher than active detection by the random launch method when false data differs by 5 % from accurate data, the detection rate can reach 95.4 %, which is 18.2 % higher than active detect by randomly launch method, and even if false data only differs by 3 % from accurate data, the detection rate can reach 92.9 %, which is 16.5 % higher than active detect by randomly launch method.

Influence of Geopolitical Events on Procurement Strategies and Supply Chain Dynamics in Multinational Corporations

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of geopolitical events on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics in multinational corporations Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that geopolitical events exert a profound influence on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics within multinational corporations (MNCs), compelling them to adapt swiftly to global uncertainties. The study underscored that events such as trade conflicts, sanctions, and political instability disrupt established supply chains, necessitating strategic adjustments in sourcing, supplier relationships, and operational practices. MNCs respond by diversifying sourcing locations, enhancing supply chain transparency, and integrating robust risk management frameworks to mitigate geopolitical risks effectively. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional Theory, Resource Dependence Theory & Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) may be used to anchor future studies on influence of geopolitical events on procurement strategies and supply chain dynamics in multinational corporations. Encourage MNCs to adopt agile procurement strategies that prioritize flexibility and responsiveness to geopolitical disruptions. This includes establishing multi-sourcing strategies, leveraging local suppliers, and implementing digital platforms for real-time risk monitoring and decision-making. Strengthen supplier relationship management practices to build resilient supply networks. Foster transparent communication and collaboration with suppliers to co-develop contingency plans and mitigate supply chain risks arising from geopolitical events. Advocate for transparent and stable trade policies that reduce uncertainty and facilitate global supply chain operations. Engage in constructive dialogues with policymakers to address trade barriers, tariffs, and regulatory inconsistencies that hinder cross-border trade and procurement efficiency.

Assessing antimicrobial stewardship governance in Northeast Brazilian hospitals: a survey-based analysis.

Effective governance of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention control (IPC) in healthcare facilities is crucial for safeguarding patients against healthcare-associated infections and enhancing patient outcomes by optimizing antibiotic use and curbing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens. To assess the current AMS governance in two public hospitals in Northeast of Brazil, specifically focusing on identifying institutional antibiotic policies and operational practices. A survey was conducted by team leaders of both hospitals from 2020 to 2022 using a questionnaire adapted from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendations for implementing AMS programmes (ASP) in Latin America and the Caribbean, alongside criteria from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and CDC. Fifty leaders, from senior management to coordinators, answered the questionnaire. Results indicate a lack of AMS process measures, specialist support, systematic antimicrobial utilization analysis and structured IPC programmes, especially in one hospital where patient records remain in paper format. The empirical use of antimicrobials without local epidemiological or susceptibility data underscores the absence of logistical support for microbiological cultures in the region. These findings emphasize the urgent need for systematic AMS processes and multiprofessional teams to drive AMS and IPC practices, essential for patient care and safety.

The Nested Knowledge System of TPACK: A Case Study on Physics Teachers' Educational Resource Selection and Integration

The aim of this research is to explore the system of knowledge of the Lebanese secondary physics teachers that affects the selection and integration of educational resources. This teachers' knowledge was studied through their pedagogical and technological pedagogical content knowledge (PCK and TPCK) concerning instructional strategies, students understanding, curricula, and curriculum materials, including technology that is mobilized in their practice. For this aim, a qualitative approach was employed, and four physics teachers purposefully selected from four secondary schools participated in this study. Classroom observations and interviews were used as research data collection tools. The data analysis revealed that the system of the different teachers' knowledge studied in this research could be seen as a whole, while one system of knowledge was highly related to another. This study, hence, called these consistent knowledge systems "nested knowledge system." This study also showed that this "nested knowledge system" determines teachers' didactical decisions in general and influences the selection and integration of resources in particular. It also revealed that misconceptions are persistent and cannot be changed easily. Moreover, the context of the teaching-learning process reshapes the teacher's knowledge about students' understanding, which is the only knowledge that shows inconsistency between intended and operational practice. In addition, it showed that teachers' knowledge about students' understanding (PCK/U) has a significant effect on teachers' knowledge about curricula and instructional strategies (TPACK/C & TPACK/S).

Practice and Prospects for Intelligent Construction and Smart Operation of Lancang River Hydropower Projects

Practice and Prospects for Intelligent Construction and Smart Operation of Lancang River Hydropower Projects

ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ СЕЗОННЫХ АНСАМБЛЕВЫХ ПРОГНОЗОВ НА БАЗЕ МОДЕЛИ ЗЕМНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ INM-CM5

The issues related to the verification of ensemble seasonal forecasts obtained using a new technology implemented on the basis of the INM-CM5 Earth system model are considered. The forecast objects are global gridded (2.5° × 2.5°) fields of ensemble mean anomalies and probabilities of three gradations of the anomalies (below normal, normal, above normal) for each of the five characteristics: 500 hPa geopotential height (H500), mean sea level pressure (SLP), 850 hPa air temperature (T850), surface air temperature (T2m), and precipitation (Prec) for six periods of time averaging (at monthly intervals for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th months and at two seasonal intervals: season 1 (the 1st-3rd months) and season 2 (the 2nd-4th months)). It is noted that forecast skill scores vary greatly depending on a region, a season, and a meteorological parameter. The best results for all parameters were obtained for the tropics, where the main sources of long-term predictability of the atmosphere are located. In extratropical latitudes, the quality of forecasts, especially at the monthly intervals, decreases and approaches the level of climate forecasts. The skill of precipitation forecasts is significantly inferior to the quality of forecasts of other meteorological parameters. It is noted that the success in ensemble seasonal probabilistic and deterministic forecasting of the main meteorological elements with the INM-CM5 model, both on a global scale and in individual regions, is comparable with the skill scores of similar forecasts of the foreign meteorological centers participating in the LC MME-WMO project. The introduction of the new climate model into the scientific and operational practice of the Hydrometcenter of Russia/North Eurasia Climate Centre will contribute to improving the quality of monthly and seasonal forecasts and developing specialized climate services.

Uncovering the Issues Associated with AI and other Disruptive Technology Enabled Operational Practices in Healthcare Sectors in India

Background: Advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and other Disruptive technology, have been directly responsible for the significant changes, renovations, and enhancements that have taken place in healthcare systems around the world. In spite of the many challenges, particularly in nations still growing their economies, the healthcare industry has a significant number of opportunities. Objective: To explore the key obstacles that were encountered by the healthcare industry both during and after the introduction of AI and other Disruptive technological practices associated with Health 4.0 in the healthcare industry to uncover how these variables influence AI and other Disruptive technology adoption in healthcare sector of India. Methods: An online survey format that included standardized questionnaire data was obtained from 83 hospitals, and a total of 434 samples have been implemented for various healthcare administrative staff members by the adoption of AI and Disruptive technology. ANOVA analysis was done to confirm the hypotheses' assumptions, then descriptive statistics were done to analyze the mean value, and also EFA and CFA analysis with SEM analysis has been done in the SPSS program for numerous validity tests (version 20). Results: This research explored 15 issues that healthcare administration staff members consider barriers and through the use of EFA, only two of the three primary obstacles"Additional workload" and "Problems with adopting technology" have a substantial impact on the rate at which AI is adopted in the healthcare industry, as seen through the eyes of the workers in that area. Conclusion: These challenges include a high need for capital, extra investments in new technologies like the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), business analytics, , resistance to change from both employees and employers, the need for a skilled workforce, and the upkeep of support systems. The use of blockchain technology in India's healthcare system as a secure service for administrative workers in Health 4.0 Practices could solve data security problems.

Performance Evaluation of Sharia Rural Banks: Maqashid Shariah Index Approach (Case Study: Sharia Rural Banks In West Java, Indonesia)

This study aims to measure the performance of Sharia Rural Banks in West Java using the maqashid sharia approach by Abdul Majid Najjar. The sample used in this study consists of 9 rural banks spread across West Java. The research data employed are secondary data in the form of financial reports for the year 2023 sourced from the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK) website and governance reports for the year 2023 sourced from the official websites of each Sharia Rural Banks. The results of the study indicate that BPRS Al Salaam Amal Salman achieved the highest maqashid sharia score, followed by BPRS PNM Mentari and BPRS Almadinah Tasikmalaya Perseroda as the top three Sharia Rural Banks in West Java with the highest maqashid sharia index scores. Further analysis at the consequence level reveals that "Self" is the consequence with the highest average score compared to other consequences. Meanwhile, the consequence "Intellect" shows the lowest maqashid performance score. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for sharia banks to enhance the implementation of sharia values in their operational practices. Additionally, this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the compliance of sharia financial institutions with the principles of maqashid sharia at the regional level.

Refleksi Filosofis atas Kajian Teori dan Praktik Akuntansi Syariah

This study examines philosophical reflections on Sharia accounting theory and practice through the lenses of ontology, epistemology and axiology. Sharia accounting, rooted in Islamic principles, emphasizes accountability, fairness, and honesty as fundamental principles. Ontologically, Sharia accounting is conceptualized within the framework of Islamic law and muamalat (transactions), ensuring compliance with Sharia principles in financial reporting. Epistemologically, Sharia accounting involves the acquisition of knowledge through Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and empirical observation, ensuring accuracy and compliance with Sharia values. Axiologically, Sharia accounting aims to achieve economic fairness, justice and ethical integrity, aligning financial practices with moral principles originating from Islamic teachings. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how Sharia accounting integrates Islamic values into its theoretical framework and operational practices, ensuring alignment with worldly and spiritual goals

Effect of Employee Religious and Cultural Values on Sustainable Behaviour of Employee: Mediating Effect of Pro-Environmental Attitude

The study consolidates previous research on sustainable behaviour, focusing on religious and cultural values, and explores their influence and pro-environmental attitudes. Researchers integrated these areas into a comprehensive model, examining how religious and cultural values impact sustainable behaviour moderated by behaviour. Using a deductive approach and convenience random sampling, data was collected through an adapted questionnaire from 364 personnel in various job levels across manufacturing sectors in Karachi, Pakistan. The structural equation model (SEM) results show significance in most paths, except the direct and total relation of cultural values (CV) to sustainable behaviours (SB). CV is identified as a future research gap, while religious values (RV) are seen as a tool for shaping policies that encourage pro-environmental behaviour among employees. The research highlights the importance of values for implementing sustainable practices in organizational operations, discussing corporate and individual sustainable values for future generations.

Implementing sustainable practices in oil and gas operations to minimize environmental footprint

Implementing sustainable practices in oil and gas operations to minimize environmental footprint

Огляд та порівняльний аналіз перспективних систем індивідуального дозиметричного контролю для АЕС України

Individual dosimetric monitoring (IDM) of external exposure of the personnel of nuclear power facilities is a key element of the radiation protection system, is traditionally within the responsibility of NPP radiation safety shops and is carried out by appropriately equipped IDM laboratories. The equipment of the IDM at NPPs, which was commissioned in the mid-2000's, is coming to the end of its life cycle and the issue of equipment replacement is on the agenda now. New IDM systems that will operate for the next 10 - 15 years should meet modern requirements, take into account global trends in radiological protection and the latest developments of IDM instrumentation, while the choice of new systems should be based on international and domestic experience, adequacy of dosimetric performance and operational practicality. The review is devoted to the comparison of the characteristics of the potent passive personal dosimetry systems considered for IDM of Ukrainian NPP personnel. Based on the analysis of literature data, international standards and recommendations, information from manufacturers and authors’ own practical experience, a generalization of information on existing and future IDM systems is carried out, a vision of the most optimal choice of systems for re-equipping laboratories for dosimetric monitoring of nuclear power plants good for the next decade is proposed.

Making AI Work for Government: Critical Success Factor Analysis Using R-SWARA

This study quantifies what makes Artificial Intelligence (AI) work for government, the critical success factors (CSFs) for successful AI implementation within the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT). Analyzing factors such as technology, organization, process, and environment, the research highlights the importance of organizational readiness, strategic vision, and leadership support to drive successful AI integration within DGT. The dimension of the organization became the most critical factor, followed by technology, process, and environment. The findings offer actionable insights for DGT's decision-making processes, aiding in strategic resource allocation and tailored AI strategy refinement. Furthermore, this research is a valuable reference for other public sector organizations that aim to enhance operational efficiency through the adoption of AI. This study empowers decision makers within the DGT and the wider public sector by providing nuanced information on the critical factors that influence the successful implementation of AI, fostering improved operational efficiency and governance practices.

Prison Officers’ Perceptions of Delivering Trauma-Informed Care in Women’s Prisons

ABSTRACT Since 2015, women’s prisons across England have been working toward providing trauma-informed care (TIC) given the high rates of psychological trauma in the prison population. Research into TIC in prisons has been limited to date. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of 35 prison officers from two English women’s prisons about their experiences of providing TIC, including the role of training. Four main themes were identified using thematic analysis: Creating trauma-informed settings was noted as a dynamic process, complicated by prisons being triggering environments for women. Prison officers described attempting to negotiate the power (im)balance between them and women in prison, to allow them to nurture positive relationships with them. Operational practices reportedly regularly undermined these efforts by reinforcing the power differential. Staff also observed variable and limited capacity and opportunities for TIC, further reducing the ability to create settings conducive to TIC. These findings have important implications for women’s prisons, including the need to review and revise TIC training for new and existing staff; prioritize staff well-being and support, and improve recruitment processes to develop a staff group with the aptitude and skill to deliver TIC.

Meninjau Aspek Teknis Operasional UMKM “Angkringan Kampoeng Tua” Di Gresik

This research is conducted to examine the phenomenon of the proliferation of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the form of “angkringan” businesses in Gresik, with a primary focus on the technical operational aspects in a feasibility study. The rapid growth of angkringan MSMEs in this region raises questions about the factors influencing the sustainability and success of these businesses. The aim of this research is to analyze various technical operational components, including operational management, efficiency, and business strategies applied by angkringan entrepreneurs. By employing qualitative and quantitative methods, this study is expected to provide in-depth insights into effective operational practices and offer strategic recommendations to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of angkringan MSMEs in Gresik. The findings from this research are anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for business practitioners, policymakers, and academics interested in the development of culinary sector MSMEs.

Comparative assessment of methods of managing operational activities of small businesses: experience of different countries

This article investigates the operational management practices of small businesses across various countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, and the Scandinavian nations. It focuses on a comparative analysis aimed at identifying and juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of different management methods in relation to their cultural, economic, and social contexts. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study is based on qualitative and quantitative data from various international databases, as well as surveys and interviews with business owners. The research reveals significant differences in how operational activities are managed, driven by local economic policies, cultural traits, and market demands. This paper highlights the impact of technological advancements and globalization on operational strategies and emphasizes the importance of cultural adaptability and innovation in enhancing competitiveness. Key findings include distinct operational strategies adapted to local contexts and the crucial role of government support and technological integration in fostering a conducive business environment.

Evaluasi Ketidakseimbangan Beban Pada Penyulang Unicora

Load imbalance in electrical distribution transformers can lead to significant power losses and decreased efficiency in electrical distribution systems. This study focuses on the load imbalance problem at the Unicora feeder of PT PLN (Persero) ULP Singosari, which hinders optimal operational efficiency. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the extent of load imbalance, its impact on power losses, and the effectiveness of load balancing interventions in mitigating these losses. The methodology includes phase load measurements from February to September 2021, analysis of load imbalance, and power loss simulations using ETAP 12.6.0 software. The study's important findings indicate that the average load imbalance decreased from 34% to 21% after implementing load balancing interventions. Concurrently, power losses in the neutral conductor were reduced from 106.3 kW to 78.0 kW. ETAP simulations revealed a total power loss of 773.5 kW in the Unicora feeder, underscoring the significant impact of load imbalance on system efficiency. The implications of this research are crucial for operational practices at PT PLN (Persero) ULP Singosari. The findings demonstrate that effective load balancing can significantly enhance distribution efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve the reliability of electricity provision. This study advocates for continuous monitoring and adaptive management of load distribution in electrical networks to maintain optimal performance and sustainability.

Lembaga Filantropi dan Fiskal Sebagai Instrumen Pembangunan Ekonomi Negara

Economic development is the main goal that every country wants to achieve to improve people's welfare, reduce poverty, and encourage sustainable economic growth. This study examines the important role of philanthropic institutions and fiscal policy in encouraging economic development, both in general and from an Islamic economic perspective. Philanthropy, through voluntary contributions such as zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf, helps fill gaps that cannot be fully addressed by the public sector, improves people's welfare, and reduces socio-economic disparities. Fiscal policy, as the main tool of government, plays an important role in managing state revenues and expenditures, influencing economic growth, income distribution, and macroeconomic stability. Through in-depth literature analysis, this research finds synergies between the philanthropic sector and fiscal policy that can strengthen sustainable economic development. This study also provides insight into the development of Islamic economics in the last three decades, showing significant progress in academic research and operational practice. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide significant policy recommendations to maximize the potential of these two tools in achieving fair and sustainable economic development.

The impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

The global economy has reported an unprecedented increase in growth rates over the last 2 decades, due to rapid evolution in transportation and communications. The rapid growth of international trade has increased the demand for fossil fuel, leading to exacerbated environmental risks. Air transportation is an essential operational practice in trade openness and has many economic benefits. However, its effect on CO2 emissions is not well understood. Studies on the causal relationships between air transportation, trade openness, economic growth, and CO2 emissions are lacking, especially across Middle Eastern countries. This study targets Saudi Arabia, one of the largest countries in the Middle East region in terms of economic capabilities and geographical area, to investigate the impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions. To this end, data was derived from the World Development Indicators (WDI) established by the World Bank for the period 1991–2023. An autoregressive, distributed lag autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to analyze associations among the study variables; the empirical findings confirm that air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth have positive and statistically significant effects on CO2 emissions in both long- and short-run scenarios. However, the results illustrate that economic growth alone is unable to sufficiently reduce CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia, indicating a lack of connection between economic policies and environmental goals. Thus, these results indicate that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not valid for Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study provides useful insights for policymakers to mitigate CO2 emissions. Suggestions include attracting foreign investment, modifying the structure of trade, mitigating the reliance on imports and enhancing exports, while focusing on green strategies for economic growth, replacing fossil fuels with clean and renewable sources, subsidizing environmentally friendly technologies, and enacting decarbonizing regulations.