Operational Logic Research Articles

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВИНЕСЕНОГО ПРИВОДА ПОДАЧІ З ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИМ ГАЛЬМОМ КОВЗАННЯ ВИДОБУВНОГО КОМБАЙНА

Purpose. It consists in increasing the speed of the speed control of the remote feed drive with an electromagnetic sliding brake by reducing the time of current transients in the excitation winding of the electromagnetic brake. Reducing the time of the transient processes of reducing the excitation current is achieved by using a bipolar controlled rectifier, which controls the excitation current of the brake, instead of a unipolar one. In addition, the implementation of a new drive control system requires the installation of an excitation current sensor. Methodology. Due to the significant nonlinearity of the mathematical model of the drive with the electromagnetic sliding brake, the synthesis and research of the automatic speed control system has been performed on a simulation model built in the Simulink environment of the MATLAB system. The evaluation of the obtained results is performed by comparative modeling for identical conditions of the existing industrial system and the synthesized one. Results. The synthesis and model study of the proposed control system with a remote drive with the electromagnetic sliding brake with a bipolar controlled rectifier and the logic of the latter's operation have been performed. Comparative studies have shown the high efficiency of a new structure of the drive speed control system compared to the existing industrial control system. Scientific novelty. A new structure of the control system by remote feed drive with an electromagnetic slide brake with better dynamic and protective characteristics has been proposed. Practical significance. Reducing the time of reduction of the EGC excitation current provides a faster response of the feed drive to overloading of the drive of the executive bodies and, therefore, a decrease in the probability of overturning of the electric motor of the drive of the executive bodies, as well as a reduction of peak forces in the traction chain when the combine is stopped. Keywords: mining shearer, remote feed drive, electromagnetic sliding brake, automatic control system, transient processes.

Автоматизация решения классической задачи Паркинсона «о росте кабинетов» путем оптимального подбора лиц, принимающих решения

The article considers the problem of managing the costs associated with the selection of a decision maker or a group of decision makers. The decision takes into account such parameters as urgency, importance of tasks and involves the need for qualified personnel while limiting the cost of decision making. It is proposed to use the SPPR subsystem, which realizes the function of selecting the LPR. The algorithm underlying the subsystem utilizes the potential of unmanned decision-making technologies that function on the basis of historical data on the decisions previously made by the LPR. The logic and efficiency of the subsystem's operation is shown on the example of solving the classical problem "about the growth of offices".

The Operation Logic of Traditional Culture Enabling Tea Brand Marketing: Take CHAGEE as an Example

The research background of this paper is to focus on the globalization and diversification of the market, and many brands intend to integrate culture into their products for marketing. At the same time, by the end of 2023, the stores of new tea brands can reach up to 5 billion. Currently, China’s milk tea industry has entered China and entered the era of new tea drinks. This paper to the overlord CHAGEE the brand as a research entrance, the traditional culture can assign tea brand marketing logic study the subject, the research method is used to the process tracking method and 4P theory, through the two methods to the operation of traditional culture risks and the analysis, found that the brand using traditional culture can assign brand marketing method, and at the end to the brand in the use of traditional culture marketing to provide relevant Suggestions. This study has guiding significance for the future development of the related milk tea beverage industry.

Research on Accuracy Enhancement Scheme for Home 3D Printers Based on Vision Sensors

Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, more and more new technologies are being developed, but how to make these technologies accessible to factories at an affordable price and at a cost that is acceptable to all parties is a huge and complex comprehensive research. This paper focuses on two new technologies. They are 3D printers and vision sensors. After discussing how they work and the advantages and disadvantages about them. This paper focuses on how these two new technologies can be combined to improve the quality of 3D printing, increase the compatibility of building complex geometries, and reduce the reliance on manual calibration. Finally, a model for combining these two novel technologies is presented along with its operational logic. However, the challenges of cost, sensor integration and algorithm optimization will be addressed in further development and finally a partial analysis of how it can be further developed in the future.

A design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission considering mode continuity

Compared with single-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission, multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission can achieve high power, wide speed range, and high efficiency, which is the most suitable hybrid electric transmission scheme for heavy vehicles. Mode switching quality is the key factor restricting the application of multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission. Therefore, a design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission which can ensure mode switching without speed difference is proposed. Firstly, based on the lever analogy method and analysis on characteristics of mechanical points, three conditions of mode continuity and methods to satisfy these conditions on function level are obtained. Then the design method can be divided into three steps: (1) design the function model of each mode scheme to achieve the conditions of mode continuity; (2) design the configuration of each mode scheme according to the function model and comprehensive consideration of mode continuity, structural simplification and operation logic, and combine the configuration of each mode into an integral scheme by arranging clutches/brakes; (3) inversely convert the lever model in the configuration scheme to planetary gear set to obtain specific transmission scheme. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the design method, one of the design results is taken as an example to carry out mechanical structure design, kinematics and power flow analysis.

Applicability performance evaluation of cascade heat pump for building electrification in winter

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of indoor air heating and domestic hot water supply using a cascade heat pump system. The focus was on using existing heat pump equipment to satisfy system requirements in the context of building retrofitting. The experimental setup was located in nearly net-zero experimental building of the South Korea. The system was configured to heat air in the low-cycle heat pump and supply hot domestic water in the high-cycle heat pump. The study compared three operational modes: a low-cycle-only mode; a hot water-only mode; and a combined mode. While low-cycle-only mode and hot-water-only mode fulfilled the required condition with 3.94–5.38 COP and 60 °C hot water temperature with a flow rate of 15.8 LPM separately, the combined mode failed to reach the target air temperature fulfilling only hot water temperature. In conclusion, the system demonstrated satisfactory performance when heating indoor air and providing hot water separately. However, the indoor heating performance declined when both functions were operated simultaneously. To address this issue, possible solutions could include revising the system operation logic to better align with heating and domestic hot water usage schedules or altering the refrigerant flow path.

Algorithmic predictions and pre-emptive violence: artificial intelligence and the future of unmanned aerial systems

AbstractThe military rationale of a pre-emptive strike is predicated upon the calculation and anticipation of threat. The underlying principle of anticipation, or prediction, is foundational to the operative logic of AI. The deployment of predictive, algorithmically driven systems in unmanned aerial systems (UAS) would therefore appear to be all but inevitable. However, the fatal interlocking of martial paradigms of pre-emption and models of predictive analysis needs to be questioned insofar as the irreparable decisiveness of a pre-emptive military strike is often at odds with the probabilistic predictions of AI. The pursuit of a human right to protect communities from aerial threats needs to therefore consider the degree to which algorithmic auguries—often erroneous but nevertheless evident in the prophetic mechanisms that power autonomous aerial apparatuses—essentially authorise and further galvanise the long-standing martial strategy of pre-emption. In the context of unmanned aerial systems, this essay will outline how AI actualises and summons forth “threats” through (i) the propositional logic of algorithms (their inclination to yield actionable directives); (ii) the systematic training of neural networks (through habitually biased methods of data-labelling); and (iii) a systemic reliance on models of statistical analysis in the structural design of machine learning (which can and do produce so-called “hallucinations”). Through defining the deterministic intentionality, systematic biases and systemic dysfunction of algorithms, I will identify how individuals and communities—configured upon and erroneously flagged through the machinations of so-called “black box” instruments—are invariably exposed to the uncertainty (or brute certainty) of imminent death based on algorithmic projections of “threat”.

Research on automatic flight control system flight mode operation logic

The auto-flight system of modern civil aircraft is the main man-machine interaction system, and its flight mode operation function is jointly completed by FMCP hardware and auto-flight control system software. In order to achieve a complex flight mode operation control logic design, first the hardware and software composition and specific functions of flight mode operation control are clarified. Then the flight mode operation function is refined and logically sorted out. Finally, the software and hardware models of flight mode operation control are established through Simulink. This paper verifies whether the realization of the mode operation control function meets the expectation.

THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL-PROGRESSIVE LOGIC OF AL-MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITARIAN FIQH

<div>This research aims to describe Jamaluddin Athiyyah’s thought both conceptually and in operational logic, as well as the factors of human values in al-maqa>s}id al-syariah and its progressive legal reasoning. This research is a literature with primary legal materials, books by Athiyyah, and various latest scientific journals. Research findings show that conceptually according to Athiyyah, the benefits that are the objectives of Sharia are universal and balanced, the urgency of understanding must be balanced between and the method of ushul Fiqh and Fiqh rules, so that the legal product is not textual-conservative or liberal subjective. According to Athiyyah, the factors of human values in al-maqasid al-syariah are:</div><div>1) Efforts to get to know, help, and complement each other, 2) Realization of the role of the human caliph on earth, 3) Realization of peace based on the value of justice, 4) State protection of human rights, and 5) Spread of Islamic da'wah. reasoning focuses on the substance of the goal to be achieved (ideal norms) in the enactment of a law. It is not just legal-formal legitimacy or legal rules labeled Sharia. Such legal logic is more progressive and elastic substantively and more politically dynamic to respond to the dialectic of Sharia and law in the development of national law. This research is expected to contribute to the</div><div>progressive implementation of al-maqa>s}id al-syari>ah in the context of developing humanist and universal Islamic law.</div>

Bigen Africa Services v City of Cape Town: Audit Culture and State Self-Review in the Water and Sanitation Sector

In Bigen Africa Services (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town (WC) (unreported) case number 18681/2020 of 1 June 2021, the Western Cape High Court found that the inclusion of a local office as a pre-qualification criterion in tenders for professional water and sanitation services fell afoul of section 217(1) of the Constitution. This provision requires all organs of State to contract for goods or services in accordance with a system that is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. The court's reasoning on this point can be critiqued on the basis that it conflated distinct tests for determining the materiality of a deviation. However, the case raises broader concerns around the pre-eminence of audit over operational logic in the water and sanitation sector, and the use of state self-review to resolve the conflict.

Daily Load-Follow Operation in LEU+-Loaded APR1400 Using Mode-K+ Control Logic

This study evaluates the efficacy of the mode-K+ control logic for daily load-follow operation (DLFO) in a two-batch LEU+ fuel-loaded APR1400 reactor with an accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding. The objective is to assess the performance of the control strategy under various operational conditions including high burnup. The simulation results showcase a robust control for both reactor power and the ASI of the equilibrium core by utilizing a manganese absorber for the partial strength control element assembly (PSCEA) instead of the weak Inconel absorber in the standard design, particularly under high burnup conditions. The simulation employs a two-step method, where cross sections are generated using the SERPENT2 Monte Carlo code, and the whole core 3D simulation is conducted using the KANT in-house diffusion code. The results demonstrate successful power and ASI control within the desired limits throughout the whole operational period.

Chinese Democracy in the Process of State Modernization: The Operational Logic and Institutional Advantages of Consultative Democracy

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, Chinas modernization has been on the proper track, and the path of Chinas modernization is distinct from that of the Western capitalist countries. The traditional Western modernization theory does not provide a reasonable explanation for Chinas evolution, and Huntingtons 1968 proposal of modernization under a strong government became the basis of Chinas growth philosophy. Based on the different theoretical frameworks of modernization favored by China and the West, the modernization manifestations, political systems, and forms of democracy in China and the West are subsequently different. In this paper, we examine the advantages of Chinas consultative democracy and even full process democracy by comparing the modernization performance between China and developed Western countries. The comparison reveals that Chinas consultative democracy provides a platform for citizens to express their policy proposals and for different social groups to discuss the solution strategies for social problems on an equal footing, which effectively protects the interests of citizens and can solve problems more directly and effectively. This paper will explore how national governments can achieve effective democracy through a cross-sectional comparison, and provide a realistic reference for the modernization process of developing countries, to help them better establish modernization strategies and achieve far-reaching modernization.

Capacity Assessment and Analysis of Vertiports Based on Simulation

City air traffic as a new transportation mode has gradually attracted attention in recent years which will bring endless vitality to future urban development. An objective and accurate assessment of the vertiport capacity for UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) is the basis for implementing air traffic flow management for UAVs, which is also a prerequisite for improving the efficiency of urban airspace resources used. Firstly, new topology designs are proposed and named as connected and compact topology designs based on the existing central airport topology design. Subsequently, three modes of operation are summarized for vertiports with multiple TLOF pads: independent operation, dependent operation, and segregated operation. In the next place, the overall traffic flow of the vertiport model is established based on AnyLogic while analyzing the logic of UAV operation in three modes as mentioned above. Eventually, according to the simulation results, the vertiport operation capacity, the UAVs delay, and surface area utilization under different operation modes and topology designs are analyzed. The simulation result shows that the overall average delay time of UAVs for independent operation mode is about 100 s less than that of segregated operation and it also shows that the utilization rate of independent operation mode under central design is as high as 54.42% while the utilization rate of TLOF pads of other design is less than 50%, and its vertiport capacity is the largest, so the independent operational mode under central configuration is the optimal combination.

Design and Experimental Investigation of Temperature Control for a 10 kW SOFC System Based on an Artificial Neuronal Network

For a future carbon-neutral energy economy, fuel cells play an important role due their high efficiency. Especially the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with demonstrated efficiencies beyond 60 % 1 can contribute to reasonable roundtrip efficiencies for hydrogen and e-fuels 2.To match the fluctuating electricity demand in a future electricity grid, dominated by renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic, dynamic operation of fuel cells is required. The research has shown that the degradation und therefore the lifespan of Solid Oxide Cell (SOC) stacks shows a significant dependency on the operating conditions and dynamic load changes 3. However, some research suggests that the degradation is not caused by the load changes itself but spatial temperature gradients during load changes 4–6.Therefore, controlling the temperature gradients in the stack during load changes can have a significant impact on the lifespan of SOC stacks. This is typically more dramatically for stacks with larger cell sizes or multiple cells per layer. Furthermore, a tight temperature control allows for running the stack at maximum efficiency without the risk of stack damage due to exceeding temperature limits.In this work the authors designed and experimentally evaluated different controller topologies for fuel cell operation (SOFC) of a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) system described previously 7. The controller design incorporates an artificial neuronal network (ANN) for real time state predictions. The training data for the ANN was generated by a dynamic model of this system. This model is implemented in Matlab Simulink and was validated against experimental data. The generated training data consists of about 1,000 simulated days of dynamic system operation with a sample interval of 10 s. Additionally, data for 16,000 different steady state operating conditions of the system were generated.One focus of this work is the robustness of the controller under real world conditions despite inaccuracies of the underlying model and SOC degradation effects over time. To compensate the aging of the stack, the ANN is trained on variable degradation states. The degradation state is then tracked by the controller during operation to maintain an accurate prediction. First system experiments showed promising results in this respect (Fig. 1).Fig 1. Maximum temperature (red) and its setpoint (red, dashed) as well as 8 other temperatures distributed over the stack (black) in response to a given current density profile (green) and the air flow (blue) set by the controller AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank their colleagues at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, who helped realize this work, and the Helmholtz Society for financing these activities as part of the Living Lab Energy Campus. References(1) Peters, Ro.; Frank, M.; Tiedemann, W.; Hoven, I.; Deja, R.; Kruse, N.; Fang, Q.; Blum, L.; Peters, R. Long-Term Experience with a 5/15kW-Class Reversible Solid Oxide Cell System. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168 (1), 014508. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abdc79.(2) Heydarzadeh, Z.; McVay, D.; Flores, R.; Thai, C.; Brouwer, J. Dynamic Modeling of California Grid-Scale Hydrogen Energy Storage. ECS Trans. 2018, 86 (13), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1149/08613.0245ecst.(3) Kim, Y.-D.; Lee, J.-I.; Saqib, M.; Park, K.-Y.; Hong, J.; Yoon, K. J.; Lee, I.; Park, J.-Y. Degradation of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells under Load Trip and Cycle Conditions and Their Degradation Prevention Operating Logic. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165 (9), F728–F735. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1391809jes.(4) Hagen, A.; Høgh, J. V. T.; Barfod, R. Accelerated Testing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks for Micro Combined Heat and Power Application. Journal of Power Sources 2015, 300, 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.054.(5) Nakajo, A.; Wuillemin, Z.; Van herle, J.; Favrat, D. Simulation of Thermal Stresses in Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks. Part I: Probability of Failure of the Cells. Journal of Power Sources 2009, 193 (1), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.050.(6) Jiang, W.; Luo, Y.; Zhang, W.; Woo, W.; Tu, S. T. Effect of Temperature Fluctuation on Creep and Failure Probability for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2015, 12 (5), 051004. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031697.(7) Peters, R.; Tiedemann, W.; Hoven, I.; Deja, R.; Kruse, N.; Fang, Q.; Blum, L.; Peters, R. Development of a 10/40kW-Class Reversible Solid Oxide Cell System at Forschungszentrum Jülich. ECS Trans. 2021, 103 (1), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1149/10301.0289ecst. Figure 1

An Historical Archaeology of Labor in Convict Australia: A Framework for Engagement

Between 1788 and 1868 Britain transported some 171,000 male and female convicted felons to Australia, in the process establishing the foundation European population and instituting a process of invasion and colonization. The convict “system” remains a signature theme in Australian historical and archaeological research, contributing to a multitude of areas of investigation: punishment and reform, colonialism, and colonization process, as well as social aspiration and cultural transformation. This article provides an overview of the history, organization, and physical structure of the system. It then describes recent efforts to reunify the trajectories of archaeology, history, and historical criminology through cross-disciplinary projects, questions, and themes. It includes a description of the authors’ Landscapes of Production and Punishment research framework, which views the organization and administration of the convict system, as well as the shifting balances between punishment and reform, through a labor-systems analysis. This line of inquiry broadens the scope of archaeological interest away from its focus on prisons and institutional sites. It embraces a wider range of labor settings and products, including the dispersal of convicts across urban and frontier areas, and the operational logic behind the system. It also views the convicts both as individuals and a labor force, and the raw materials, roads, buildings, and other items they extracted, constructed, or manufactured equally as “products” of the regime.

‘Bouncing between the buses like a kangaroo’: efficient transport, exhausted workers

While transport and mobility studies have focused on diverse challenges related to improving the quality of public transport (PT) for its passengers, they have hardly examined the well-being and livelihoods of PT workers. To address this gap, we explore the work spaces and times of bus drivers employed in PT in Gothenburg and Stockholm (Sweden), where PT operations are procured from private companies to ensure service quality and financial efficiency. Drawing upon studies on capitalist temporalities of work, we observe that the bus drivers are obliged to perform fatiguing work tasks under constant time pressure, which generates daily conflicts between bodily, personal, and work rhythms. The drivers’ time wealth is severely constrained, as they have limited capacity to control their own time and experience a near-constant work-life imbalance. Our findings indicate that such hindrances are not simply a product of work rhythms marked by the rigidity of the PT timetable. Rather, they emerge from the operational and financial logic of procurement that contradicts the well-being and livelihoods of PT workers. We conclude with a plea to place workers as essential actors for future reflections on inequalities and injustices related to transport and mobility.

Energy management in microgrid and multi‐microgrid

AbstractConsidered as basic structures of next‐generation energy system, environment‐friendly and flexible microgrid (MG) systems are potential solutions to address integration issues of stochastic renewable energy sources. Adaptable energy management approaches provide the possibility to construct effective and various energy interaction. The purpose of this paper is to present a problem‐oriented review of energy management in MG systems. This paper first comprehensively reviews recent research studies on MG, particularly in multi‐microgrid (MMG). Then, this paper proposes a concept of energy utilization model for energy management, which includes a discussion of modern concepts including MG, MMG along with picogrid, nanogrid and virtual power plant. And a synthetic energy management framework including stability, touch, efficiency, evenness, and resilience dimensions is proposed and formulated based on energy utilization mode. Then energy management system is illustrated from the perspectives of system function, management architecture, operation logic and data analysis, and further, a systematic four‐layer hierarchical architecture of management systems for whole MG and MMG systems is proposed. Moreover, key technologies in energy management are summarized and reviewed from the aspects of control, communication, prediction, optimization, and evaluation. Last, eight main prospects on the future trend of energy management in MG and MMG are also presented.

Optimal Scheme of Remote Backup Automatic Switch Applied to Renewable Energy Grids

The support of renewable energy to the bus voltage during the grid fault period will cause the failure action of the backup automatic switch (BPAS). Moreover, the improper coordination of renewable energy and source supply lines in the process of BPAS operation will lead to the asynchronous close of a circuit breaker, which seriously threatens the stable operation of the power system. To solve the above problems, an optimal operation strategy applied to the remote BPAS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the operation logic and characteristics of internal BPAS and remote BPAS are analyzed. Secondly, the mechanism of failure action and asynchronous close of a circuit breaker in regional power grids with renewable energy sources are analyzed. Then, to improve the speed and reliability of the BPAS, a strategy of remote BPAS operation suitable is proposed. To avoid the problem of failure action, by monitoring the low-frequency condition of the regional power grid, the strategy accelerates the bus voltage loss to shorten the operation time of the BPAS. Moreover, the operation conditions of BPAS are optimized to avoid the asynchronous close of the circuit breaker between renewable energy and source supply lines. Finally, the experimental results in the 110 kV transformer substation verify that the improved remote BPAS strategy can effectively improve the reliability and quickness of the grid connecting to renewable energy.

Implementation of the Toffoli and Peres reversible logic gates using magnetic skyrmions in operational gates

Micromagnetic simulations have been used to create reversible logic gates that utilize magnetic skyrmions as input and output signals. The geometrical design of the logic devices consists of a two-dimensional assembly of ferromagnetic nanotracks, resembling rectangular grooves. Drawing an analogy to the billiard-ball model, this study takes into account elastic collisions between magnetic skyrmions and introduces the concept of control skyrmion. The application of spin-polarized currents to the system induces the motion of magnetic skyrmions along the nanotracks. The synchronized movement of magnetic skyrmions across the operational logic gates, required for their interaction, is achieved by incorporating multiple triangular magnetic notches along the nanotracks. Short polarized current pulses are then applied through the logic gates to facilitate this process. We have successfully implemented the XOR/AND and Full Adder logic gates as well as the reversible Toffoli and Peres logic gates using skyrmion-based architectures for computing. Our results offer valuable guidelines for leveraging magnetic skyrmions as digital signals in skyrmion-based computing systems.

Assessing China's synergistic governance of emission reduction between pollutants and CO2

Synergistic governance of emission reduction between pollutants and CO2 (hereinafter referred to as synergistic governance) reflects China's proactive response to climate change and will become a central task in China's environmental governance over the next decade and beyond. Given this, this paper aims to systematically understand why synergistic governance is possible and what China has achieved in synergistic governance. In order to achieve these aims, this paper constructs a scientific indicator system based on synergistic governance theory and applies the composite system synergy model to assess the level of synergistic governance in China. The results show that China has made great progress in synergistic governance in the past decade, achieving a leaping development from mild non-synergy to moderate synergy. The achievement mainly comes from the efforts of nearly 1/3 of Chinese provinces in advancing synergistic governance, and the improvement direction of synergistic governance in these provinces is consistent with the national level, jumping from mild non-synergy to moderate synergy. However, the level of synergistic governance in some provinces has decreased rather than increased. It is worth noting that the widening gap in the level of synergistic governance within China's regions may become a vital factor that hinders the sustainable promotion of synergistic governance. This paper clarifies the operational logic of synergistic governance and provides a comprehensive evaluation method, which is beneficial to provide some references for other countries that intend to work on synergistic governance.