Operational Issues Research Articles

A microscopic public transportation simulation framework based on machine learning

The evaluation of performance of public transportation, such as bus lines for example, is a major issue for operators. To be able to integrate specific and local behaviors, microscopic simulations of the lines, modelling each buses on a daily basis, brings an actual added value in terms of precision and quality. A scientific deadlock then appears regarding the parameterization of the simulation model. In order to be able to gather relevant performance indicators on a potential evolution of the configuration of the line, validated and modifiable simulation models need to be developed. This study aims at proposing a model development methodology based on a multi-agent simulation framework and data inputs extracted by a hybrid approach combining machine learning (ML) trained on actual bus data to predict travel times and probabilistic distributions to accurately estimate travel time variability. It also aims to propose a two-step validation framework that exhibits the performance of the obtained model on a case study based on actual data. The results of the proposed approach are validated by a real case study of three bus lines, including a number of simulation scenarios, to study the impacts of bus recovery time and bus control strategies on bus punctuality. The results obtained show that proposed hybrid approach combining ML with probabilistic distributions outperforms probabilistic distributions on average. Overall, the results show a good fit with the actual Key Performance Indicator (KPI) used by bus operators.

Preparing for epidemics. A strategy for strengthening social science skills in Africa

The Covid pandemic was a reminder of the need to be prepared for epidemics and pandemics and to take into account their socio-political dimensions by developing socioanthropological and interdisciplinary approaches. In the post-crisis era, the challenge is one of operationality. How can these dimensions be made more visible? How can we develop analyses that can help to humanize institutional responses, make inequalities visible to limit them during the crisis, reveal structural determinants of transmission, and define interventions that are scientifically sound, ethically just and respectful of diversity?Three strategies are relevant to meet these challenges: (1) more social scientists in Frenchspeaking Africa must get expertise on epidemics to investigate associated issues before, during and after epidemic crisis; (2) public health professionals, health and social workers must get informed about social, historical, economic and political aspects of epidemics that shape risk, care and control; (3) collaborations between researchers and those involved in responding to epidemics on the basis of shared knowledge must develop.This article presents a capacity-building initiative developed in French-speaking West Africa by the Anthropology of Emerging Epidemics Network (RAAE), in conjunction with other networks (Sonar-Global) and institutions (CRCF, IRD). It describes and analyzes a program that combines a working method, a scientific content and teaching tools. This program benefited from previous training experiences and gathered expertise from about 25 social scientists, mainly medical anthropologists, who have worked on various epidemics and pandemics such as AIDS, Ebola, plague, Covid and dengue in West Africa and beyond. The process to develop the course was based on workshops followed by redaction periods, then testings for content and tools during training sessions.The course focuses on two audiences: social science researchers (with a Master degree level and above) and social and health workers (public health, community health, NGOs, social workers). For the former, the course aims at reinforcing theoretical and methodological skills through the presentation of issues, key concepts, selected theoretical developments, themes and bibliographical references. For the latter, the course is based on modules about operational issues that can be taken separately, to better adapt the content of trainings to local teams' needs. For both, a glossary includes 100 definitions of public health, medical and social science vocabulary, relevant to epidemics. The content in terms of skills to be acquired (knowledge, know-how) is presented briefly in the article. Both the scientific content and learning methods and tools are presented in a manual (Desclaux et al., Anthropologie appliquée aux épidémies émergentes, 2022 [5]) as well as on Sonar-Global (English) and RAEE (French) websites (www.sonar-global.eu, www.raee.fr).The knowledge to be imparted is organized into 13 modules: introduction; the framework for responding to epidemics; emergence and One Health; antimicrobial resistance; infectious risk (inequalities, stigmatization and prevention); knowledge (circulation and interpretation); health services (places of risk and care); public health measures (lockdown and distancing); experiences (suffering of the sick and mobilization); death (meaning and rituals); vaccination (innovation, equity and hesitation); epidemic cycles (preparation, response and recovery); challenges, methods, ethics and governance; and conclusion.The first training courses held in Senegal and Burkina Faso for university researchers and young scholars from Africa and France were positively evaluated by the participants. They report that they have acquired knowledge in epidemic social science, but also in public health, which has given them the necessary basis for communicating and developing collaborations (in research and intervention) with social and health actors. The model could be duplicated with adaptation for new training sessions organized by other institutions, for which a manual is available.

EXPLORING THE BANKERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON SHARIAH AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES OF RESTRUCTURING AND RESCHEDULING IN ISLAMIC FINANCING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Central Bank of Malaysia ordered all banks to give an automatic six months moratorium or loan or financing deferment starting April, 1 2020 to their customers during the Covid-19 pandemic since many customers had difficulties paying their monthly financing obligations to banks. Thus, the objective of this paper is to explore the bankers’ perspectives on Shariah and operational issues arising in Islamic banks in implementing moratorium which involves restructuring and rescheduling financing facilities during Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, the methods these bankers used to manage the issues are also highlighted in this paper. A qualitative analysis is applied in this paper where the researchers conducted interview sessions with the Head of Shariah Department from an Islamic banking window and another from the Development Financial Institution which offers Islamic banking products and services. This study's findings show that there are certain perspectives from bankers in dealing with Shariah issues regarding restructuring and rescheduling during moratorium such as the issue of qalb al-dayn (debt restructuring), capitalization of accrued profit in the financing facilities as well as the operational issues related to the system and people. It can be deduced then that all Islamic banks were doing extremely well in their steadfast endeavors towards offering remedies to the issues faced for the sake of the overall improvement of Islamic banks in the implementation of restructuring and rescheduling of financing facilities as outlined by guidelines or Resolutions issued by the Shariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia.

Hubungan Beban Kerja Fisik dan Shift Kerja dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Karyawan Operator Packing di PT So Good Food-Unit UHT Boyolali

Work fatigue is still a major occupational safety and health issue for packing operators at PT. So Good Food-Unit UHT Boyolali. This is in line with data showing that 32.8% of 58,115 workers in Indonesia suffer from work fatigue. In 2021, there were 262 occupational accidents in Central Java, of which 50% were caused by work fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical workload and shift work with work fatigue. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The respondents were taken from 55 packing operator employees of PT. So Good Food-Unit UHT Boyolali from a total of 121 employees. The sampling technique used was Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling. This study used a finger pulse oximeter to measure the level of physical workload and a reaction timer to measure the level of work fatigue, while shift work data was obtained through the company's shift work schedule. Data analysis techniques used were the Somers’d Test and the Multiple Ordinal Logistic Regression Test. The results of the Somers’d Test showed that there was a relationship between physical workload and work fatigue (d = 0.783; p = 0.001), and there was a relationship between shift work and work fatigue (d = 0.783; p = 0.001). The results of a multiple ordinal logistic regression test proved that shift work was the most influential variable on work fatigue with an OR = 7.205. There was a significant relationship between physical workload and shift work with work fatigue in packing operator employees at PT. So Good Food-Unit UHT Boyolali.

Reforming State-Owned Enterprises (SOES) to Facilitate the Economic Recovery of Sri Lanka

The economic downturn and escalating debt levels prompted Sri Lanka to seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), resulting in the formulation of the 17th IMF program. This program, aimed at fiscal consolidation and restructuring, designates SOEs as a pivotal element in the nation's economic recovery strategy. This policy brief addresses the imperative need for reforming State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Sri Lanka. A historical overview reveals the evolution of Sri Lanka's SOEs, from their establishment during World War II to a surge in numbers in the 1980s. Despite their vital role in the economy, SOEs have faced operational inefficiencies, financial struggles, and governance issues, leading to a privatization policy in 1988. The document explores international experiences in SOE reform, drawing insights from successful models in Singapore, China, and India. Current policy measures in Sri Lanka encompass various reform strategies, such as corporatization, restructuring, and commercialization, focusing on enhancing financial transparency and accountability. The establishment of the State-Owned Enterprise Restructuring Unit (SRU) reflects a commitment to effective implementation, with international support from entities like the International Finance Corporation (IFC). In conclusion, the path to economic recovery in Sri Lanka hinges on the successful transformation of SOEs, ensuring financial viability, transparency, and sustainable growth.

Development of an Intelligent Oil Field Management System based on Digital Twin and Machine Learning

This article introduces an innovative approach to oil field management using digital twin technology and machine learning. A detailed experimental setup was designed using oil displacement techniques, equipped with sensors, actuators, flow meters, and solenoid valves. The experiments focused on displacing oil using water, polymer, and oil, from which valuable data was gathered. This data was pivotal in crafting a digital twin model of the oil field. Utilizing the digital twin, ML algorithms were trained to predict oil production rates, detect potential equipment malfunctions, and prevent operational issues. Our findings highlight a notable 10-15% improvement in oil production efficiency, underscoring the transformative potential of merging DT and ML in the petroleum industry.

Enterprises’ Financial Performance and Operational Risk Management: A Theoretical Assessment of the Literature

The scope of the operational risk phenomena and its management has been made clear, among other things, by scandals that have happened in the financial sector. It has become crucial to implement an operational risk management system because performance cannot be achieved without having addressed the operational risk management-related issues. Operational risk management is a process by which businesses identify and evaluate the risks impacting their business. Performance is the culmination of an organization's efforts to reach its goals in the field of management. In fact, due to the negative effects of this kind of failure on a company's performance and stability, operational risk has a significant impact on the performance of a firm, regardless of its industry of operation. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of operational risk management on the financial performance of companies to review the literature and determine whether risk management has a positive or negative impact on financial performance.

Thermodynamic Modelling, Technical and Operational Issues of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Generation Cycles for Industrial Applications: A Literature Review

Future electricity production systems will be able to harness the power of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO<sub>2</sub>) as it moves through thermal cycles. It serves the same goal as sources of energy such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, solar power, and the recovery of waste heat (or surplus heat from industrial processes). When the heat source temperature is between 350°C and 800°C, CO<sub>2</sub> as a working fluid exhibits excellent thermal efficiency. Its novel technological benefits over conventional steam Rankine cycles, such as the use of small turbo gear and compact heat exchangers, have captured the attention of scientists. It has excellent operational flexibility and may induce significantly cheaper energy costs. Aligned with these goals, this paper presents a panoramic work, exploring the current state of the art of S-CO<sub>2</sub> power generation, with a particular emphasis on the technical and operational perplexities. After providing a comprehensive overview of the thermodynamic principles that underpin this study, the foundation is established for an engaging discourse on the continuous research and development of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO<sub>2</sub>) cycles in power generation. Upon delving into the thermodynamic facets of CO<sub>2</sub> that propel this investigation, the spotlight is cast upon dissecting the existing state of research and development of S-CO<sub>2</sub> cycles in power generation before transitioning into encapsulating the principal domains of application and noteworthy thermodynamic modelling inquiries of S-CO<sub>2</sub> cycles. The present advancements and hurdles within the primary application areas are succinctly summarized, while future research trends are identified.

Assessing operational issues in a modular sewage treatment plant and providing remedies via comprehensive modeling and simulation through GPS-X

In this study, an existing but faulty modular sewage treatment plant (STP) with a capacity of 100 m3/day has been modeled and assessed using GPS-X software, combined with sensitivity analysis to confirm an underlying but critical operational issue of an STP. Currently, the STP shows <5 % ammonia removal at an average influent ammonia concentration of 50 mg/L, along with the problem of partial BOD removal. The treatment units comprise an equalization tank, two moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) in series, a tube settler and a sand filtration unit. Sensitivity analysis helped decipher the most influential kinetics/stoichiometric parameters, which assisted in achieving a precise model calibration. Post calibration, the modified model was re-simulated for each constituent treatment unit based on the mass balance of four major output parameters viz. NH4-N, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity. Real experimental/measured values spanning over 8 months were analyzed during the calibration phases (including both static and dynamic calibration phases). The calibrated GPS-X model was simulated using various input factors to find a possible remedial solution and understand the critical limitation of the existing plant. As a remedial measure, a pre-anoxic tank with an operational volume of 15 m3 and a recirculation ratio of 3 was proposed for the existing STP. A proper experimental design and statistical tools further helped achieve the most optimum and techno-economically feasible solution for an MBBR-based biological treatment unit. This helped effectively manage wastewater pollution in a modular treatment system.

Affordable Housing – Challenges and Constraints for Local Governance in Canada

Housing and sustainable development is interdisciplinary research that requires cross functional knowledge-sharing to address operational and policy issues&amp;mdash;limitations in understanding housing dynamics and policy design and implementation lead to unintended negative consequences. Policy development for affordable housing requires better conceptual understanding, determination of normative objectives and operational constraints, and the effectiveness of governance structure. This paper investigates operational and governance barriers to housing affordability in the Canadian context. The article adopted a key informant interview method to analyze qualitative feedback from technical and administrative experts from the municipalities across Canada. The study helped to understand the contextual challenges in housing affordability in Canadian municipalities. The study confirms that the weaknesses in governance structure, distribution of responsibilities, and allocation of resources limit municipalities&amp;#39; capacity to deal with housing affordability. Pro-growth objectives will not solve housing affordability challenges. It is important to adopt human centered and contextually relevant housing policies. To overcome operational constraints, municipalities need more significant provincial and federal financial and constitutional assistance to meet capacity challenges and to guide a unified approach to meet sustainability targets.

Method Improvement for Quantitative Analysis of Chlorophyll Degradation Compounds, Including Pheophorbide, in Chlorella Products

An official analytical method for chlorophyll degradation compounds, including pheophorbide, in chlorella products, is described in notification Kanshoku No. 99 (May 8, 1981). However, this method has several operational issues, such as the formation of emulsion during liquid-liquid partitioning. Additionally, impurities present in the reagents (sodium sulfate decahydrate or anhydrous sodium sulfate) used to prepare saturated sodium sulfate solution can degrade pheophorbide and other related compounds, resulting in a significant decrease in analytical values. In this study, we thoroughly examined each step of the official method to enhance the operability and develop an alternative method that eliminates the need for saturated sodium sulfate solution. The developed method was evaluated for pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a at 100 mg%. Satisfactory analytical performance was achieved with trueness of 100% for pheophorbide a and 90% for pyropheophorbide a, and relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precision below 5% for both compounds. The proposed method is considered suitable for regulatory analysis of chlorophyll degradation compounds and would be useful for quality control of chlorella products.

The Effect of Financial Performance and Environmental Sensitivity on ESG Disclosure: Empirical Study in Agroindustrial Sector

Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) has become an essential issue in business operation as a result from pressures from stakeholder such as government, society, creditors, and investors not to only seeking profit, but also preserving the environment, caring the society, and having good governance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial performance and environmental sensitivity on ESG implementation by using regression model. The financial performance measured by Return on Asset (ROA), environmental sensitivity measured by dummy variable which divided companies into two groups with high and low Green House Gas (GHG), and ESG disclosure measured by ESG indicators. There were 18 agroindustrial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2021 observed. The result of this study showed that there was no significant effect of financial performance measured by Return on Asset (ROA) on ESG, otherwise there was positive significant influence of environmental sensitivity on ESG.

Эффекты и модели технологической модернизации горнодобывающего производства

Amidst the current shift towards sustainable development and a low-carbon economy, it is important to assess the preparedness of mining companies for implementing large-scale technology modernization programs. The extent of modernization and the level of the company’s involvement are the factors determining the nature of modernization transformations. Major modernization of production makes it possible to address the challenges of improving corporate social and environmental responsibility, including industrial safety issues in mining operations. When implementing technology modernization programs, it is important to focus on environmentally-oriented objectives while improving operational efficiency. The mining industry, characterized by unique technological solutions, often necessitates unconventional modernization measures, entailing substantial investments in research and development (R &amp; D). In Arctic deposit development, a higher level of technological advancement, including digital technologies and automated control systems, is imperative. Digital solutions, automation, and robotization should be integrated into modernization programs in the mining sector. Our research methodology is based on the summary and synthesis of theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of modernization measures and developing a typology of technology modernization models. This study aims to refine conceptual approaches to the typology of organizational and economic models of technology modernization and to assess the effectiveness of modernization programs in the context of mining in the Arctic. The article delineates the fundamental principles of technology modernization and substantiates the effects arising from modernization measures, using mining companies functioning in the Arctic economic zone as an illustrative case study. The article proposes a typology of technology modernization models based on criteria developed by the authors, among which are key technology, management effects, and key approaches to efficiency assessment. It is emphasized thatadvanced technology modernization models should holistically reflect both economic and socio-ecological effects.

Hamiltonian-path based constraint reduction for deployable polyhedral mechanisms

Most of the deployable polyhedral mechanisms (DPMs) are multi-loop overconstrained mechanisms that causes barriers for their applications due to the issues in assembly, operation and control. Yet, constraint reduction for these multi-loop overconstrained mechanisms is extremely challenging in kinematics. In this paper, by introducing the Hamiltonian path to investigate the 3D topological graphs of a group of Sarrus-inspired DPMs, we propose a systematic method for constraint reduction of multi-loop overconstrained DPMs. We demonstrate that through the removal of redundant joints with the assistant of tetrahedral Hamiltonian path, one equivalent simplest topological graph of tetrahedral mechanism is identified as a reduction basic unit. Subsequently, one simplest form of Sarrus-inspired cubic mechanism is obtained by investigating two Hamiltonian paths of its dual octahedron and sequentially arranging basic units. Furthermore, a total of nineteen simplest forms of Sarrus-inspired dodecahedral mechanisms are identified from seventeen Hamiltonian paths of its dual icosahedron. The overconstraints in each simplest Sarrus-inspired DPM are greatly reduced while preserving the original one-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion behavior. The method proposed in this paper not only lays the groundwork for further research in wider deployable polyhedrons, but also inspires the reduction of other multi-loop overconstrained mechanisms, with potential applications in the fields of manufacturing, architecture and space exploration.

Enabling joint distribution with blockchain technology in last-mile logistics

Joint distribution is a crucial business model employed to improve courier delivery performance in last-mile logistics (LML). However, the moral hazard of the shared agent related to carrier selection impedes the model’s widespread adoption. Cutting-edge blockchain technology (BT) provides a new way out and allows us to propose a hybrid method by combining coordination contracts with BT. First, we theoretically analyze the behavior of participants in LML. Next, two-part tariff and revenue-sharing contracts are provided to overcome the double marginalization problems in a decentralized business model. Then, BT implementation makes the contracts dynamic and prevents moral hazards during the contract’s execution period. Finally, our method enables trust to be built in the joint distribution even with a relatively loose organizational structure (i.e., courier alliance) with the evidence of the proof-of-concept and numerical experiments. Moreover, the proposed method is highly relevant to the logistics industry and potentially solves a broader array of trust issues in operations and supply chain management.

Experimental Determination of the Ionospheric Effects and Cycle Slip Phenomena for Galileo and GPS in the Arctic

The ionosphere can impair the accuracy, availability and reliability of satellite-based positioning, navigation and timing. The Arctic region is particularly affected by strong ionospheric gradients and phase scintillation, posing a safety issue for critical infrastructure and operations. Ionospheric warning and impact maps can provide support to Arctic operations, but to produce such maps threshold values have to be determined. This study investigates how such thresholds can be derived from the GPS and Galileo satellite signals. Rapid changes in total electron content (TEC) or scintillation-induced receiver tracking errors could result in cycle slips or even loss of lock. Cycle slips and data outages are used as a measure of impact on the receiver in this paper. For Galileo, 73.6% of the impacts were cycle slips and 26.4% were outages, while for GPS, 29.3% of the impacts were cycle slips and 70.7% were outages. Considering the sum of cycle slips and outages, it is worth noting that the sum of impacts for Galileo signals is larger than for GPS. A range of possible explanations have been examined through hardware-in-the-loop simulations. The simulations showed that the GPS L2 signal was not adequately tracked during rapid TEC changes and TEC changes were underestimated, thus the GPS cycle slips, derived from L1 and L2 derived TEC changes, were not all registered. These results are important in designing threshold values for TEC and for scintillation impact maps as well as for the operation of GNSS equipment in the Arctic. In particular, the results show that ionospheric changes could be underestimated if GPS L1 and L2 were used in isolation from other dual frequency combinations. It is the first time this analysis has been made for Greenland and the first time that the dual frequency derivation of ionospheric delay using GPS L1 and L2 has been shown to underestimate large TEC gradients. This has important implications for informing GNSS operations that rely on GPS to provide reliable estimates of the ionosphere.

A Bi-level optimization strategy for electric vehicle retailers based on robust pricing and hybrid demand response

The high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) poses both opportunities and challenges for power systems. EV retailers, playing a critical role in the demand response mechanism, face market risks caused by uncertainties in electricity consumption and prices. To address the operational issues of large-scale EVs and tap the potential of EV retailers, a temporal and spatial domain-based optimization strategy is proposed, which is implemented on bi-level (referring to transmission and distribution grid networks). First, a physical scheduling model of the grid is established, consisting of a novel hybrid demand response mechanism considering the incentives of EV retailers and the retail electricity price of EV users, and a new robust retail electricity pricing strategy handling the uncertainties of EV behavior and the electric market. Then, a bi-level optimization strategy is presented: at the upper level, in the transmission network, based on the robust pricing strategy, a unit commitment model that coordinates the hybrid demand response with other distributed energy resources is designed to optimize load periods of EVs in the time domain; at the lower level, in the distribution network, an optimal power flow model is proposed to spatially dispatch the location of EV loads. The impacts of retail price profile, EV penetration, hybrid demand response mechanism, and EV load location are analyzed in ten tests using the IEEE 33 distribution network. Simulation results indicate that the robust pricing strategy can effectively handle uncertainties, the integration of the hybrid demand response mechanism into scheduling can ensure the benefits of all participants, and the bi-level optimization strategy can accommodate distributed energy resources temporally and spatially.

Эффективность трубчатой печи в процессе стабилизации углеводородного конденсата на Астраханском газоперерабатывающем заводе

One of the most important and promising areas of Russia's development for the coming decades is the in-troduction of energy-efficient and energy-saving technologies. designated by the President of the Russian Federation. Currently, in Russia, various types of technological tubular furnaces with natural thrust are widely used at many gas processing plants and refineries. The bulk of tubular furnaces are operated by personnel without any automation systems and regulation of the supply of both fuel and air. The article discusses the issues of efficient operation of a tubular furnace during stabilization of hydrocarbon condensate with acidic components at the Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant. When designing a tubular furnace, various options for efficient operation with the utilization of the thermal energy of exhaust flue gases are considered. It is established that the maximum efficiency of a tubular furnace is obtained not only when the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the chimney is minimal, but depends on a number of factors that are discussed in more detail in this article.

The macrologistics effect of a state-owned enterprise, Transnet, on the South African economy

Background: Transnet moves around 80% of South Africa’s rail-friendly freight tonne-kilometres, which drops to less than 40% if the rail-only coal and iron ore export lines are excluded.Objectives: Calculating the costs, negative externalities, and job losses caused by Transnet’s recent and historical operational issues and using the results to inform future reform possibilities.Method: Aspects contributing to Transnet’s failures are indicated through an assessment of rail freight’s decreasing market share and infrastructure investment, port ownership and inefficiency concerns, Transnet’s deteriorating financial performance, loss of critical skills, and instances of state capture. Resultant costs and their impact on employment are calculated across various freight flow segments, whereafter reform models are suggested through international benchmarking and extracting lessons from relevant global reforms.Results: The cost of Transnet’s failures are estimated as 7.43% of gross domestic product. A healthy relationship between the government and the private sector is a frequent occurrence in successful reforms seen globally. Locally, recent government reforms acknowledge a meaningful role for the private sector, which is in turn offering pragmatic and achievable solutions.Conclusion: Improved private sector participation can contribute to Transnet’s recovery. South Africa depends on this collaboration and the development of port and rail master plans to guide the infrastructure development required to meet its overall transportation needs.Contribution: Actionable implications for policy implementation, the economic regulation and horizontal separation of the freight railway, shifting freight from road to rail, the corporatisation of the port authority, and increasing port efficiency and capacity.

Democratic Operation and Organization of the School Leadership

This research study comes to highlight findings in relation to issues of democratic organization and operation of the school leadership. For the needs of the study, the quantitative methodology was followed and an electronic questionnaire (google form) was delivered through the Directorates of Primary Education of Greece to teachers’ emails. The sample, which was consisted of 358 individuals, was selected by following the simple random sampling technique. An electronic questionnaire with 14 close-ended questions was constructed, whereas there was also a session of demographic and vocational data including questions regarding gender, age, additional studies, years of service, and training in democratic operation and organization of school units. According to the findings, the participants do not state in a clear and unequivocal way whether they are satisfied or not with their participation in school decision-making, with the ability of students to influence school events or whether the Greek school can function in a democratic way. They somewhat agree that the school principal distributes responsibilities to the members of the school community, and treats equally all the staff members, as partners. Finally, statistically, gender, years of service, and training in issues of school democratic organization and functioning seem to affect some subscales.