Operating Income Research Articles

Does managerial market timing with stock repurchases exist in stock market?: Evidence from Thailand

This study examines the presence of managerial market timing with stock repurchases in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from 2008 to 2017. We find that managerial market timing with stock repurchases does not exist in an emerging market (namely, Thailand) supporting the theory of pseudo market timing, as the probability of stock repurchases is not related to undervalued stocks. However, there are other motivations for conducting stock repurchases rather than managerial market timing including the distribution of excessive cash flow due to high operating income and no good future investment opportunity, and the change of capital structure because of underleverage. Our findings are supportive to the free cash flow, capital market allocation, and trade-off theories. In addition, we also find that timing firms tend to suffer from the deterioration of Tobin q ratio, market value added (MVA) and economic value added (EVA), and they do not rebalance their capital structure after this event.

Risk-based regulation and supervision of second-tier banks: experience of EU countries

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of increased capital adequacy standards of second-tier banks on their performance. The study is based on second-tier banks of EU member states, as these countries are the first to implement the Basel Committee recommendations, so their experience should be studied and taken into account when building risk-based regulation of second-tier banks of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The study covers the period of 2009–2022, as the Basel III regulations were adopted after 2008, and they began to operate for the second-tier banks of EU member states in 2013. The study was conducted using econometric modelling with an analysis of the dependence of banking indicators on the capital structure established by Basel III. Functional interrelationships of the dependence of Net Interest Income, Profit, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Risk Costs to Operating Income were tested. The impact of capital adequacy requirements on the performance of second-tier banks was determined: capital adequacy requirements have a positive impact on net interest income and profit of second-tier banks. The obtained results can be used to substantiate increasing capital adequacy requirements to increase the reliability of the banking system as an element in the system of factors of economic growth of the national economy.

Samosa Kulit Buah Naga dan Saus Buah Naga Pada Perusahaan Kebun Naga Poernama Garut

This research is motivated by the lack of creativity in samosa processing, the author uses dragon fruit peel filling with the aim of utilizing commonly wasted materials, and introducing to the public that dragon fruit peel can also be processed not only the meat that can be eaten, which of course is no less high nutrition with dragon fruit meat. The method used in this research is research and development, by conducting a series of experiments and development using a secoring scale hedonic test involving 25 panelists. The results of the study determine the standard recipe, namely dragon fruit skin 200 g, chicken 100 g, onion 50 g, paprika 50 g, salt 3 g, flavoring 2 g, curry powder 5 g. The results of the main test calculation of the organoleptic test of Samosa filled with dragon fruit skin and dragon fruit sauce have an average value of 88.8%. . The results of the calculation of business analysis of samosa filled with dragon fruit peel and dragon fruit sauce are Cost of goods per portion of Rp 9,760, Total variable cost of Rp 10,340 Selling price per portion of Rp 25,000, Fixed cost of Rp 1,625,000, BEP 111 units / month, Target Operating income of Rp 4,000,000 will be achieved if sales reach 111 servings / month or with sales of 13 servings / day. Suggestions in this study, namely, in the drying process it is recommended until the water content in the dragon fruit skin comes out a lot so that when cooking it is not watery.

Innovation as a Foundation of Competitiveness of Smes on the Colombo-Venezuelan Frontier

Objective: This article is the result of a research carried out in a group of SMEs with the objective of analyzing innovation in this business commercial segment. Innovation has become a determining factor for the success of modern organizations due to their ability to generate products and services that satisfy customer needs. Theoretical Framework: Several authors with extensive research experience were consulted in order to add a theoretical construct to the research regarding innovation in organizations. Method: The methodology adopted for this research was executed under a quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach, with a field, non-experimental and transactional design. The information was obtained directly with the application of a structured instrument to an intentional sample applied to ten managers of SMEs on the Colombian-Venezuelan frontier. Results and Discussion: It was established that these do not receive adequate attention from management since all the evaluated indicators were located at a medium and low level in an instrument designed with a Likert scale. Research Implications: It can be inferred that the managers in question do not make significant implementations or changes in the products or services they market, failing to generate economic value due to the non-implementation of strategies that lead to an increase in operational income within the managed organizations. Originality/Value: The research carried out under the positivist paradigm due to its quantitative approach based on the rigorous application of the scientific method, is characterized by the possibility of generalization, which allows based on particular results to proceed to make generalizations that can be applied in similar circumstances.

Pengaruh Non Performing Loan, Loan To Deposit Ratio Dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) Terhadap Return On Asset Pada Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Periode 2017-2021

The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), and operational income operating costs (BOPO) on return on assets (ROA) in corporate banking. This research was conducted on banking sector corporations registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in the 2017-2021 period. Purposive sampling was used as a sampling method involving 64 sample issuers. Quantitative data and secondary data used in research. Observation and documentation studies are used as collection techniques. Multiple linear regression analysis was used as a data analysis technique. The research results indicate that simultaneously, return on assets (ROA) is significantly influenced by non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) and operational income operating costs (BOPO). Partially, return on assets (ROA) is significantly negatively affected by non-performing loans (NPL) and operating income operating costs (BOPO), on the other hand, return on assets (ROA) is significantly influenced positively by the loan to deposit ratio (LDR).

The Influence Of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), And Operational Costs To Operating Income (BOPO) On Return On Asset (ROA) In Banks Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The objective of this research is to determine the effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operational Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA) in banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with a total of 32 banks. The research data were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no effect on Return on Assets (ROA), while Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operational Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) have a negative and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA). y.

Joint Planning Method of Shared Energy Storage and Multi-Energy Microgrids Based on Dynamic Game with Perfect Information

Under the background of the Energy Internet and the shared economy, it is of great significance to explore the collaborative planning strategies of multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) and a shared energy storage operator (SESO) supported by shared energy storage resources. In this context, a joint planning method of SESO and MEMG alliances based on a dynamic game with perfect information is proposed in this paper. First, an upper-level model for energy storage capacity configuration and pricing strategy planning of SESO is proposed to maximize the total planning and operational income of SESO. Then, a lower-level model for the optimal configuration of MEMGs’ alliance considering SES is proposed to minimize the total planning and operational costs of the MEMG alliance. On this basis, a solving algorithm based on the dynamic game theory with perfect information and the backward induction method is proposed to obtain the Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed bi-level optimization models. Finally, a case study with one SESO and an alliance consisting of five MEMGs is conducted, and the simulation results show that the proposed bi-level optimization method can increase SESO’s net income by 1.47%, reduce the average planning costs for each MEMG at least by 1.7%, and reduce model solving time by 62.9% compared with other counterpart planning methods.

Analysis of Banking Risk Effect on The Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the effect of banking risk consisting of credit risk, liquidity risk and operational risk on banking profitability. Credit risk is proxied by Net Performing Finance (NPF), liquidity risk is proxied by Finance to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and operational risk is proxied by Operating Expenses and Operating Income (BOPO), while Net Returns measure profitability. The method used is panel data analysis with the Gretl application using data from Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia that meet specific criteria. The data observation period is from quarter 4 of 2013 to quarter 3 of 2023, so there are 200 observations. The research results show that credit risk and operational risk significantly negatively affected profitability, while liquidity risk had no effect. This research implies that Islamic banking should channel the funds that have been successfully collected to be distributed to debtors, especially those operating on an MSME scale so that the level of banking liquidity risk can be more stable and prospect to have an impact on increasing banking profitability.

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, BIAYA OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL (BOPO) TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER NON-CYCLICALS YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

The research aims to examine the influence of Earning Management, Good Corporate Governance, Operational Costs and Operating Income (BOPO) on the Financial Performance of Non-Cyclicals Consumer Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022 period. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a type of causality research. The data source used in this research in secondary data. The data collection method applied in this research is non-participant observation. The population in this study are non-cyclicals consumer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022 period. The sampling technique in this research uses purposive sampling technique by applying sample criteria. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination ( ), F statistical test and t statistical test. The result of this research show that earning management, independent commissioner, audit committee, board of directors and operational cost and operating income (BOPO) simultaneously have a significant effect on the companies financial performance. Partially earning management has an effect on the companies financial performance, independent commissioner have an effect on the companies financial performance, the board of directors has no effect on the companies financial performance, the audit committee has no effect on the companies financial performance and operational cost and operating income (BOPO) have an effect on the companies financial performance

Exploring the Income-Increasing Benefits of Rural E-Commerce in China: Implications for the Sustainable Development of Farmers

The slowdown in income not only hinders the sustainable development of farmers but also exacerbates ecological and environmental problems. Likewise, the digital economy model represented by e-commerce has become a key path for growing farmers’ income. This article is based on 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey data and uses the OLS and mediation effect models to examine the impact and mechanism of e-commerce operations on farmers’ income. The research results indicate that e-commerce operations can significantly improve the income level of farmers. After robustness and endogeneity tests, this conclusion still holds. The mechanism analysis results indicate that e-commerce operations promote farmers’ income growth by enhancing information acquisition, reducing operating costs, and enhancing financial support. The results of the heterogeneity analysis indicate that the impact of e-commerce on farmers’ income is heterogeneous in terms of income structure, education level, and regional distribution. Specifically, e-commerce significantly increases farmers’ agricultural operating income, non-agricultural operating income, and transfer income but significantly reduces their wage income. At the same time, e-commerce has a more significant income-increasing effect on highly educated and central and western farmers. Therefore, in promoting the development of a rural digital economy, it is necessary to improve the supporting facilities of e-commerce in rural areas; strengthen the supply of information, technology, capital, talent, and other elements; continue to improve the inclusiveness of rural e-commerce; and promote the sustainable growth of farmers’ income. The above findings not only provide new channels and ideas for farmers to increase income through e-commerce operations, but also help relevant decision-making departments to formulate new policies to promote farmers’ income growth and the development of e-commerce in China.

Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio, Beban Operasional dan Pendapatan Operasional, Loan To Deposit Ratio, dan Non Performing Loan Terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan

This research was conducted aiming to determine the Effect of Capital Adequacy Rasio, Operational Expenses and Operational Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Non-Performing Loans on Profitability. This research was conducted on companies in the banking sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a research period of 2019 – 2023. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with a sample size of 38 banks that met the criteria. The data analysis used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis using a statistical test tool, namely SPSS version 22.0. The conclusion of the study regarding Operational Expenses and Operational Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Non-Performing Loans have a negative and significant influence on profitability, while Capital Adequacy Ratio does not effect on profitability.

Analisis Pengaruh Beban Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) dan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) pada PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk Periode Tahun 2019-2023

This research examines the influence of the Operational Expense to Operational Income Ratio (BOPO) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. The hypothesis formulated in this study is that there is an effect of the Operational Expense to Operational Income Ratio (BOPO) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and an effect of the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Secondary data were collected over a period of 5 years or 60 months from 2019 to 2023. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach with time series data utilizing regression analysis results. The findings of this study indicate that the Operational Expense to Operational Income Ratio (BOPO) has a significant and negative effect on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) does not have a significant effect on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) at PT. Bank Central Asia

Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Perfoming Loan, Loan To Deposit Ratio dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional Terhadap Profitabilitas

In 2019-2023, the average profitability in the banking sub-sector has increased and decreased. This study aims to analyse the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Loan to Deposit Ratio and Operating Cost of Operating Income on Profitability. The research methodology used in this study uses quantitative methods. Data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id) and www.bi.go.id. The population in this study are banking subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique with a sample of 22 (twentytwo) companies. Data analysis for hypothesis testing using Multiple Linear Regression with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (twenty-two) programme. The results showed that Capital Adequacy Ratio and Loan to Deposit Ratio had no effect on Profitability, while Non Performing Loan and Operating Cost of Operating Income had a negative effect on Profitability.

Maize production scales and the impact of commercialization in the futures market on net operating income in Brazil

Maize is the second most cultivated grain in Brazil, and the crucial step for maize growers is when they have to define the right strategy to sell their maize. The challenge is finding a selling scenario that optimizes profits and reduces risks, when maize growers need to use the barter option, selling maize in exchange for agricultural inputs. Is have to find an appropriate balance between the quantities allocated to the barter, direct sales or future markets alternatives. The objective of this paper was to analyze the scale of maize production and calculate net operating revenue as a result of percentage variations in maize futures trading. Using data from maize growers in the State of São Paulo and estimates of their farms’ size, different scales and percentages of maize production sold in the futures market were used to establish the consequences on net revenues obtained from these marketing alternatives. The growth in net revenue is noticeable in all scenarios, however in those cases in which most of the production was negotiated in future markets presented an increased net operating revenue, while scenarios characterized by increased allocation of production in exchange for agricultural inputs showed a decreased net operating revenue. The growth of net revenue in all scenarios suggests that good negotiation strategies for maize sales not only prevent farmers from market fluctuations but also increase the maize grower's operating revenue.

Environmental impact and cost study of vehicles

In the traditional automobile industry, which was dominant from the mid-20th century to the early 21st century, the nitrogen oxides produced by auto mobile exhaust would pollute the air. After entering the 21st century, with lithium batteries as the representative, the energy density of energy storage units has rapidly increased, solving the endurance problem that has plagued the electric vehicle industry for nearly a century. The development path of electric vehicles has become wider and gradually become mainstream products in the market. This paper explores the environmental impact of transitioning from partial to complete tram usage in an urban area with a population of at least 500,000. Initially, this paper calculates the Ecological Evaluation Index to compare the environmental effects of the two types of vehicles. Subsequently, introducing four variables to set the entire model in motion, aiming to predict the environmental conditions of the urban area when entirely reliant on tram services. Furthermore, this paper considers the realistic financial issues that need to be faced and build a model for the financial impact that the transition to pure electric buses will soon bring. The excessive costs and potential external funds caused by the transition, which will affect the final ten-year transformation plan for the city. Finally, this transit company has successfully achieved an operational income of up to 13.3 billion over the past decade even in the absence of government subsidies. This underscores the robust foundation of its financial operations and economic sustainability, providing reliable financial support for future electric bus procurement and maintenance.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RATIOS AND BANK SIZE ON NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN BANKS IN INDONESIA

This research was conducted on Conventional Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 Period. The study aims to determine the effect of financial ratios, and bank size on non-performing loans in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The data collection method uses purposive sampling. Based on the criteria set, 35 companies were obtained. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the website of each company. The measuring tool of this study uses Eviews 9. The analysis method used is panel data regression. Based on the results of the study: There is no effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio on Non-Performing Loans. There is no effect of Capital Adequancy Ratio on Non-Performing Loans. There is a positive effect of Operating Costs on Operating Income on Non-Performing Loans. There is no influence of Bank Size on Non-Performing Loans. This research is expected to benefit accounting in the implementation of financial management accounting learning. This research is also expected to contribute in the form of understanding for business actors in making investment decisions in the banking sector.

Internal and External Factors on Profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia Mediated by Operating Expenses Operating Income (Period 2013 to 2023)

Lucrativeness is a vital element for evaluating Islamic banks' monetary achievement. It's critical to grasp the determinants that influence Indonesian Islamic banks' lucrativeness. The objective of this examination is to explore the factors—such as problematic financing, financing to store ratio, currency rates, price rises, and operational proceeds as an intermediary variable—that impact the productivity of Islamic banks in Indonesia. This research intends to provide choice makers in the Islamic fiscal industry a more comprehensive discernment of the budgetary operation of Islamic banks by scrutinizing these guidelines. This research methodology uses a panel data approach using secondary data from Islamic banks in Indonesia. Through panel data analysis, this study examines the effect of these variables on the profitability of Islamic banks. The conclusions showed that, in Sub-structural I, Financing to Deposit Proportion (FDR) favorably affects the productivity (ROA) of Indonesian Islamic banks, while Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Currency Ratios, and Rising Prices have no consequence on operational expenses operational proceeds (BOPO). As indicated by sub-structural II, profitability is impacted by inside factors (NPF and BOPO), outer variables (expansion and cash rates) have no significant effect on productivity, and financing to store proportion (FDR) has no impact on productivity. In this examination, the BOPO fills in as a mediating variable that just intercedes the effect of the Financing to Deposit Ratio on Lucrativeness. Concerning the other autonomous factors, it has no bearing. Other than featuring the significance of hazard relief and operational effectiveness in accomplishing positive monetary outcomes, this exploration illuminates the variables influencing the productivity of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

The Influence of ROE, NPF, FDR, BOPO and Bank Size on Capital Buffer in Sharia Commercial Banks for the 2016-2022 Period

This research aims to examine the influence of ROE, NPF, FDR, BOPO and Bank Size on Capital Buffer in Islamic commercial banks for the 2016-2022 period. The population in this study consisted of 14 banks. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to obtain 7 banking samples with 49 observations. This research is quantitative research using secondary data used in this research which comes from the annual financial reports of each bank via the official banking website which is analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The results of this research show that the Return on Equity (ROE) variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the Capital Buffer, the Non Performing Finance (NPF) variable has a negative and significant effect on the Capital Buffer, the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the Capital Buffer, the Operational Costs Operational Income (BOPO) variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the Capital Buffer, the Bank Size variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the Capital Buffer.

Influence of The Financial Performance of Islamic Business Units on The Benefit of Stakeholders

Many studies are related to financial performance but only a few studies on the implementation of maslaha in Islamic banking, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence between financial performance and stakeholder benefits. This paper uses 20 Islamic Business Units in Indonesia with the period 2017 to 2021. The variables include financial performance (non-performing financing, return on assets, Operating Costs to Operating Income, Financing Funding Ratio) and Stakeholder Beneficence (Employees, Government, Community, Financing Consumers). This model is analyzed by linear regression with Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. The results show that financing performance affects the benefit of stakeholders, more specifically to the benefit of employees and the benefit of the community, and the government is the last party to benefit from the financial performance of UUS. This paper is a consideration for the government to pay more attention to policies that support the financial performance of UUS, so that, by providing appropriate support, the government can encourage the growth of UUS and in turn increase the benefits obtained by various parties, including the government itself.

Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Nagari Syariah Menggunakan Metode RGEC

The purpose of this study was to measure the health level of Bank Nagari Syariah using the RGEC method. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The data collection technique used is documentation. The data analysis technique uses ratio analysis contained in the assessment of the bank's health level using the RGEC method. The results showed that the health level of Bank Nagari Syariah in 2017-2022 was in a good rating. In 2017-2018, the Financing to Debt Ratio was in an unhealthy state. But in 2019-2022 the bank has been able to improve its performance. The Net Performing Financing ratio is in a healthy state from year to year. The profitability factor shows that the bank is able to make a profit from its operational activities. Operating Expenses to Operating Income are categorized as healthy. The Good Corporate Governance factor shows that the implementation of the bank's operational structures and processes is in accordance with the regulations set by the OJK. The Capital factor is calculated by the Capital Adequacy Ratio and is in a very healthy state. The health level of Bank Nagari Syariah is in a healthy position.