Operating Budget Research Articles

Approximation Scheme for the Single-Client Capacitated Facility Location Problem With Operational Cost Budget Constraint

Approximation Scheme for the Single-Client Capacitated Facility Location Problem With Operational Cost Budget Constraint

Analisis Penyerapan Anggaran Operasional dan Pemeliharaan Kantor di Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Kelas IA Khusus

This research aims to analyze the excess realization of operational and office maintenance at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court, with a focus on the causal factors, and how to overcome budget excesses. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with empirical studies at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court. The data collected was RKA-KL (Work Plan and Budget) and LRA (Budget Realization Report) then conducted in-depth interviews after which analysis was carried out to draw conclusions. The results of the research show that several factors that cause excess operational and office maintenance budgets are unrealistic or non-comprehensive budget planning, changes in economic conditions, inefficiencies in project or operational management, lack of control and supervision of expenditure and non-compliance in the implementation of budget policies or lack of coordination. . How to overcome operational budget excesses at the Special Class IA Semarang District Court by strengthening the budget planning process, implementing a strict budget monitoring and control system and increasing the capacity and competence of human resources involved in budget management.

Toward the Institutionalization of a One Health Agenda: What the World can Learn from Bangladesh

Abstract In 2005 and 2007, prompted by Nipah and avian influenza outbreaks, respectively, faculties at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) in Bangladesh initiated a civil society network of researchers in animal and human health. This network led to the launch a year later of One Health Bangladesh (OHB), a platform with membership open to multi-disciplinary scientists, practitioners, and activists. Along with continued advocacy to advance One Health agenda, OHB partnered with government, UN agencies, and other stakeholders to develop, in 2012, a National One Health Strategic Framework and Action Plan. The National Plan was later endorsed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL), and Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFC) followed by its implementation which introduced a three-tier multi-sectoral coordination mechanism including the establishment of a One Heath Secretariat in 2016. In 2017, an operational budget for the One Health Secretariat (OHS) was allocated by the MoHFW and three mid-level government officers from three government agencies, and the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Department of Livestock Services (DLS), and Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) were seconded to the OHS to make the Secretariat functional. OHB and the OHS now work together to advance the institutionalization process and implement One Health activities including One Health capacity building, joint surveillance, outbreak investigation and intervention, advocacy in the form of arranging dialogs, seminars, workshops, and conferences, and promoting cross sectoral and transdisciplinary collaboration, networking, and partnership nationally and internationally. Information © The Authors 2024

Operational Cost Budget Optimization Analysis to Improve Efficiency of PT Citra Robin Sarana

The aim of the study is to assess the company's ability to optimize the operating cost estimates with the data for the period 2021-2023. A quantitative approach with multi-objective analysis is used, collecting data through interviews and analysis of administrative and financial data. The data used are secondary data from annual financial reports and data of operational costs as well as financial production data of the company. The results of the research showed the difference between the cost of budget and the costs of operational realization of the company: Rs. -161.525.511 in 2021, Rs. 1.530.471.758 in 2022, and Rs. 706.742.283 in 2023. Despite an increase from 2022 to 2023, operating costs are still not optimal. Efforts to optimize risk management have been seen, but have not achieved the expected results.

A Graph Reinforcement Learning Framework for Neural Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search

Adaptive Large Neighbourhood Search (ALNS) is a popular metaheuristic with renowned efficiency in solving combinatorial optimisation problems. However, despite 18 years of intensive research into ALNS, the design of an effective adaptive layer for selecting operators to improve the solution remains an open question. In this work, we isolate this problem by formulating it as a Markov Decision Process, in which an agent is rewarded proportionally to the improvement of the incumbent. We propose Graph Reinforcement Learning for Operator Selection (GRLOS), a method based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks, as well as Learned Roulette Wheel (LRW), a lightweight approach inspired by the classic Roulette Wheel adaptive layer. The methods, which are broadly applicable to optimisation problems that can be represented as graphs, are comprehensively evaluated on 5 routing problems using a large portfolio of 28 destroy and 7 repair operators. Results show that both GRLOS and LRW outperform the classic selection mechanism in ALNS, owing to the operator choices being learned in a prior training phase. GRLOS is also shown to consistently achieve better performance than a recent Deep Reinforcement Learning method due to its substantially more flexible state representation. The evaluation further examines the impact of the operator budget and type of initial solution, and is applied to problem instances with up to 1000 customers. The findings arising from our extensive benchmarking bear relevance to the wider literature of hybrid methods combining metaheuristics and machine learning.

Kontribusi Pemerintah Kota Bitung dalam Memajukan Pendidikan Non-Formal melalui Bantuan Sosial kepada PKBM

This research illustrates how the Bitung City Government's policy through social assistance for the distribution of the implementation of non-formal education programs in the center of community learning activities in an effort to increase the level of graduation of the community in Bitung City through the Equality Examinations program. As well as how the Bitung City Government's policy related to budget assistance to the center of community learning activities can accommodate the needs of people who drop out evenly and have the same opportunity in the fulfillment of educational services in Bitung City. Thus, this research focuses on two things, namely 1) Analyzing a non -formal education budget assistance policy issued by the Bitung City Government; 2) Knowing the optimization of social assistance to the center of community learning activities for justice and equity in education for people of Bitung City. The research uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research by collecting data that researchers will use, namely through: in-depth interviews, observations and documentation studies. Through this research, it is known that the Bitung City Government has tried to strengthen the non-formal education sector through social assistance in the operational budget for equitable implementation of equality education programs at the center of community learning activities; the conclusion is that the Bitung City Government must maintain the aid policy for the long term by making a Mayor Regulation Consider the number of high school dropout communities and the limitations of the community learning activity center itself.

Financial Reporting, Tracking, and Analysis Practices Effect on Financial Performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

In Kenya, legislative acts by parliament establish state corporations to promote social and economic progress. The state corporations advisory committee has identified eight distinct categories of these entities, which include financial, commercial, industrial, regulatory, public universities, training and research, service, regional development authorities, as well as tertiary education corporations. Out of the 33 state corporations in commercial and manufacturing category, 18 fall under manufacturing while 15 are commercial-oriented and therefore by their operational nature expected to make profits or operating surplus. The study focused on the fifteen (15) profit-making state corporations. Most commercial state corporations are in a state of perennial loss-making. Their financial performance trend between 2016-2020, shows that out of the 15 corporations in the commercial sector, only four (26.67%) are sustainable from their operations. This leaves over 73.33% of them struggling to survive and have to depend on government funding to address their liquidity challenges. This study sought to assess the impact of financial reporting and analysis on the financial performance of commercial state corporations in Kenya. The study assumed a descriptive study design. The study used a census procedure since all fifteen State Corporations under the commercial category were studied. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The inferential statistics results indicate that financial reporting and analysis have a positive and statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial SOEs. The study found that improved financial performance was observed upon conducting periodical operational budget estimations, capital project estimations, periodical cash flow projections, and comparison of actual costs and budget variance analysis. The management and finance department to ensure that financial reporting processes are strengthened to enhance accuracy, openness, and compliance with governing requirements.

A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming approach for simultaneous optimization of cost and resilience of power distribution networks

In recent years, customers have experienced a significant increase in weather-related power outages. The power distribution network (PDN), a subset of the power system, in particular is more susceptible to extreme events. Therefore, ensuring the resilient and cost-effective operation of PDNs following extreme weather conditions poses a significant challenge for distribution network operators. This paper presents an approach for simultaneously optimizing the cost and load restoration for resilience enhancement of power distribution networks while determining the optimal positioning and generation levels of mobile emergency generators. The proposed method, in addition, employs a distribution network reconfiguration to improve the load restoration process, by optimally determining the status of switches. The multi-objective formulation involves the minimization of load shedding to increase the resilience of the system, while the other objective is formulated to minimize the cost of load restoration. A weighted sum method is employed to address the multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. A set of non-dominated solutions determined using the proposed formulation provides opportunities to the distribution system operator in choosing a resilience improvement strategy according to the availability of the operational budget. The proposed model is implemented on 33-bus distribution system to validate the efficacy of the proposed model.

The Impact of Company Characteristics on Budget Implementation: An Investigative Study Applied to a Sample of Employees at Kufa Cement Plant

The research aimed to uncover the impact of company characteristics, represented by the dimensions of size, age, type, and structure, on budget implementation, represented by its three dimensions, namely, operational budget, cash budget, and capital budget, in Kufa Cement Plant. The current research highlights the research vocabulary philosophically by collecting concepts and literary contributions of researchers in this framework in order to achieve the research objective. Methodologically, a questionnaire was used as the primary tool to collect data from the sample individuals, including managers, employees, technicians, and administrators. A total of 262 questionnaires were distributed, and 250 were retrieved. A variety of statistical methods and techniques were employed in data processing and hypothesis testing, including arithmetic mean, Spearman correlation, and regression analysis. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology in dealing with theoretical and field data on its variables, which relies on describing the case and then analyzing it to reach conclusions. Several results were obtained, where the most important one was that there is a significant effect of company characteristics (age, size, type, and ownership structure) on budget implementation (operational, cash, and capital) in Kufa Cement Plant. The key recommendations emphasized focusing more on addressing the substantial deviations between actual cash and previously planned budgets in the studied plant.

An ancillary care policy in a vaccine trial conducted in a resource-constrained setting: evaluation and policy recommendations

IntroductionClear guidelines to implement ancillary care (AC) in clinical trials conducted in resource-constrained settings are lacking. Here, we evaluate an AC policy developed for a vaccine trial in the Democratic...

Sustained transmission over two decades of a previously unrecognised MPT64 negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in Queensland, Australia: a whole genome sequencing study

MPT64 is a key protein used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex strain identification. We describe protracted transmission of an MPT64 negative MTB strain in Queensland, Australia, and explore genomic factors related to its successful spread. All MPT64 negative strains identified between 2002 and 2022 by the Queensland Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, and an additional 2 isolates from New South Wales (NSW), were whole genome sequenced. Bayesian modelling and phylogeographical analyses were used to assess their evolutionary history and transmission dynamics. Protein structural modelling to understand the putative functional effects of the mutated gene coding for MPT64 protein was performed. Forty-three MPT64 negative isolates were sequenced, belonging to a single MTB cluster of Lineage 4.1.1.1 strains. Combined with a UK dataset of the same lineage, molecular dating estimated 1990 (95% HPD 1987-1993) as the likely time of strain introduction into Australia. Although the strain has spread over a wide geographic area and new cases linked to the cluster continue to arise, phylodynamic analysis suggest the outbreak peaked around 2003. All MPT64 negative strains had a frame shift mutation (delAT, p.Val216fs) within the MPT64 gene, which confers two major structural rearrangements at the C-terminus of the protein. This study uncovered the origins of an MPT64 negative MTB outbreak in Australia, providing a richer understanding of its biology and transmission dynamics, as well as guidance for clinical diagnosis and public health action. The potential spread of MPT64 negative strains undermines the diagnostic utility of the MPT64 immunochromatographic test. This study was funded from an operational budget provided to the Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory by Pathology Queensland, Queensland Department of Health.

Making a Difference One Night at a Time: An Annual Fundraiser for a Student-Run Free Clinic Raises Over $25,000

Introduction: The Lighthouse Free Medical Clinic (LFMC) is a student-run clinic (SRC) in Buffalo, NY, providing free healthcare to uninsured and underserved patients. The LFMC relies primarily on community fundraising events for financial support, with the Annual Winter Gala serving as its main source of funding. In February 2023, the Gala successfully raised over $25,000.00 in profit, surpassing previous records by adopting several new fundraising strategies. These funds will significantly exceed the clinic's annual operating budget, enabling the expansion of patient services and the continued delivery of high-quality healthcare. Planning & Night of Gala: The student leaders of the LFMC meticulously planned the Gala, which involved soliciting donations from local businesses for basket raffles, organizing entertainment during the cocktail hour, and arranging a live auction featuring items donated by community members. Gala Impact: The 2023 Gala attracted 376 guests and generated a profit of $25,973.40. The event featured 47 basket raffles and 21 live auction donations. The resulting profit will be allocated to various expenses of the LFMC’s operations, including laboratory supplies, outsourced laboratory procedures, provider insurance policies, a food delivery initiative, patient transportation services, miscellaneous costs, and the expansion of future clinic initiatives. Conclusion: This descriptive report details the planning, implementation, and future directions of the Gala fundraising event. It serves as a valuable template for other SRCs across the nation, offering guidance on funding strategies to support their clinic operations.

Bi-objective optimization for last-mile routing of garbage trucks: Aesthetics and Public exposure.

In the area of Solid Waste Management, transportation of the collected waste is a critical aspect considering the substantial time spent by garbage trucks on public roads. Studies have reported that transporting garbage has challenges related to public exposure and aesthetics. This study presents a generalised bi-objective formulation for the optimal routing of garbage trucks from transfer stations to recycling sites/landfills considering the trade-off between public exposure and aesthetic loss and constraining the operating cost. The formulation uses the novel link capacity function to account for the delay at traffic signals and the mix of trucks and cars on link performance. The proposed formulation is solved using the weighted sum and ε-constraint methods and applied to a realistic case study of the City of Chicago, USA. The Pareto Front obtained for the bi-objective formulation offers diverse trade-off solutions catering to distinct performance metrics. The results highlight the disparity across the solutions; the solution (P0.95 on Pareto Front) for minimum operating cost (or travel time or distance travelled) is very different from the solution (P0.4 on Pareto Front) for aesthetic cost and public exposure. The parametric study indicated that a modest operating budget may suffice for achieving aesthetic benefits, but minimising public exposure requires a higher operating budget. Finally, the proposed framework is adaptable to address various challenges pertaining to waste transportation, thereby serving as a valuable tool for evaluating policies and practices geared towards sustainability objectives.

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Application Unit Price Catalog for the Efficiency of Price Analysis of Goods and Services at PT. PLN (Persero) UIW Bangka Belitung

The process of procurement of goods/services at PT PLN (Persero) that uses the Investment and Operating Budget needs to be regulated both from a formal and material side. This is considering that the Goods/Services Procurement process has an important role in the provision of electricity infrastructure carried out by PLN and is one of the achievements of PLN's performance.
 The arrangements needed so that the procurement of goods/services has accountability without reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of their implementation can be facilitated by the Unit Price Catalog application. However, in terms of compiling a job proposal, detailed in terms of job description and price, an application is required that can store or provide a complete and comprehensive display of information as a tool for making a procurement proposal called the Unit Price Catalog Application. The role of the Unit Price Catalog Application is very important because it can be used as a basis for determining the price of goods/services to be held based on proposals made by users.
 This paper will analyze the implementation of the effectiveness of the Unit Price Catalog application at PT PLN (Persero) UIW Bangka Belitung to realize a transparent, effective, and efficient tender process using variables of service availability, fulfillment, efficiency, and security as well as privilege in assessing service quality electronically. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a purposive sampling survey approach with the criteria of respondents who are application users. Based on the results of questionnaire test analysis, observations, and other supporting data.

10Boron-film-based gas detectors at ESS

The development of detectors for the European Spallation Source is an important parallel element to the effort put into the design and construction of the neutron source and instruments. The 10Boron-film-based detector developments that started over a decade ago as basic detector concepts have now reached technical maturity after intense prototyping work and numerous testing campaigns. Several of the ESS beamlines that will soon enter the commissioning phase started welcoming the detector systems built with the 10B-film converter technology. The real-size demonstrators evolved in the last 2–3 years into a diverse suite of gas proportional counters for use in diffraction, reflectometry and small-angle scattering studies in spite of the operational complexity posed by the requirements for large-area coverage, low material budget and robustness for operation in the high-flux and high-radiation environment of ESS. The detectors are now being shipped to ESS or undergoing the last performance and calibration tests before being handed over to the instrument teams for installation in the host beamlines. A common feature of these detector systems is the very large number of readout channels that they are instrumented with in order to fulfill the demanding requirements for sensitivity, spatial resolution and count-rate capability. Across all of the detector types that will operate at ESS, the integration, testing and commissioning of the read-out technologies and software tools for data reduction, calibration and analysis are the focus of the detector and integration teams. These will yield a wealth of knowledge about their operation as well as initial results on the in-situ performance, a very important asset to ensure rapid commissioning of the detectors when neutrons from the ESS source become available. In this paper we will give an overview of the 10B-film-based detector technologies included in the ESS detector suite that are currently facing the transition from the production phase to installation and integration with the other beamline components, which comes with its own specific challenges of both organizational and technical nature.

Wisata Pendidikan Agro Terintegrasi: Penyusunan Rencana Induk Desa Dawung, Karanganyar melalui Pendekatan Partisipatif

Based on the Spatial Plan of Karanganyar Regency, Dawung Village is mandated as an agropolitan strategic area for food security or wet agriculture. Besides, it is also a center for processing agricultural food crops and local trade. In contrast, the number of farmers decreases (0.8% per year), increasing the risk in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, this village has tourism potential, Kembang Desa, which is appointed as the leading tourist attraction. Kembang Desa was developed in 2020, and after it officially opened, it was attractive, as can be seen from the visitors number that reached 200 to 500 at the weekend. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the number of visitors, and the village government is facing the operational budget. This situation continues because of many new tourist attractions competitors opened. Hence, economic development and village potential require a reference as a basis for the village government in determining future policies. This community service activity aims to compile a master plan for tourism and economic development in Dawung Village through Integrated Agro Edu Tourism, which focuses on developing agro-tourism integrated with the agricultural system with an tourism education approach. The method used to compile the master plan consists of three stages: socialization to the Village government about the initial design concept. The second stage is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities to obtain input regarding potentials, problems, design concepts, and specific needs from partners; the third stage is master plan design finalization. The community service results in a master plan of a Dawung Village hotspot as the guidance for developing local potential so that Dawung Village can be more advanced and competitive.

Abstract 816: Implementation of a community-based multi-component cancer screening intervention supported by a cross-sector community coalition

Abstract It is widely agreed that screening and early detection of cancer saves lives. However, disparities exist in those who received routine screenings and variability in clinic screening protocol. Working with community-based clinics on quality improvement as well as systematically screening all eligible patients can result in increased equity in screening and thus early detection. Be Well Communities™ is MD Anderson’s place-based approach for cancer prevention and control, working with communities to promote wellness and address modifiable risk factors for cancer. The first several years of the initiative in Baytown focused on healthy eating and active living interventions for cancer prevention, over time the community’s trust and appetite increased which allowed for additional and more traditional cancer prevention interventions (e.g., human papilloma virus vaccination, screening). In this project, three evidence-based interventions for cancer screening were implemented in collaboration with Chambers Health, a local FQHC in Baytown, Texas, to work toward addressing the disparities in screening outcomes experienced by community residents. Chambers Health compliance rates have increased since the beginning of the Cancer Screening Navigation program, supported by Be Well Communities. Two full-time patient navigators are supported to facilitate increased screening through patient education, increased clinic compliance and development of standard operating procedures for navigation related operations. In addition, one full-time Outreach Coordinator is supported to engage with patients and provide education on cancer screenings. Compared to 2022, there was a 39% increase in colon cancer screening compliance rates, a 25% increase in cervical cancer screening compliance rates, and a 47% increase in breast cancer screening compliance rates. Compliance refers to any patient who is up-to-date in their cancer screenings. The Be Well Communities team supported Chambers Health through funding, technical assistance, and capacity building. They were then able to provide culturally relevant and high-quality care to enhance community capacity to address low rates of cancer screening in Baytown. Furthermore, Chambers Health has since integrated the patient navigators and Outreach Coordinator into their operational budget, a notable systems change for the organization and demonstration of commitment to the project and continued clinic quality improvement and more so dedication to the patients served. Citation Format: Ruth Rechis, Mayra Aquino, Haley Gardiner, Blanca Puga, Michael T. Walsh. Implementation of a community-based multi-component cancer screening intervention supported by a cross-sector community coalition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 816.

Analisis anggaran operasional sebagai alat pengendalian keuangan pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

Operational budget serves as a tool for companies to achieve profit or income objectives. Financial control remains a critical concern for both profit-oriented and non-profit organizations. This research aims to analyze and comprehend the realization of operational budgets as a financial control instrument within the context of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) in Banggai Kepulauan Regency. The data analysis method employed is qualitative descriptive analysis, utilizing data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The study delves into the comparison between operational budgets and the actual operational costs realized by PDAM Banggai Kepulauan Regency from 2019 to 2021. Across this period, fluctuations are observed in the percentages of operational budgets that have been realized. In 2019, the actual cost realization reaches 110% of the budget with a 10% variance. Similarly, in 2020, the actual cost realization amounts to 116% of the budget with a 16% variance, and in 2021, the actual cost realization reaches 121% of the budget with a 21% variance. The analysis findings highlight that the most significant cost component is transmission and distribution expenses, consistently exhibiting a high percentage of realization, averaging 130% of the budget. The primary cause of this variance is attributed to the unallocated depreciation costs for transmission and distribution installations, which were absent from the operational plan. Throughout the 2019-2021 period, PDAM Banggai Kepulauan experienced incongruities between budgeted and realized costs, particularly concerning transmission and distribution expenses, resulting in adverse financial impacts.

Partisipasi Komite Sekolah di SDN Ajung 3 Jember Jawa Timur

This research aims to discover the school committee's involvement in fundraising activities, their participation in policy and program development, and their role in facilitating the aspirations of parents and the community at State Elementary School (SDN) Ajung 3 Jember. This study used a qualitative approach to understand the phenomenon of implementing educational quality improvement strategies through the engagement of the school committee at SDN Ajung 3 Jember. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data analysis followed an interactive process involving reduction, presentation, and verification. The research findings indicate that the school committee's participation in fundraising enhances educational quality by providing physical, financial, and conceptual support. These funds also assist in activities that enhance school quality beyond the budget and aid in formulating and establishing the School Operational Plan and Budget (RAPBS) based on principles of transparency, accountability, and democracy. The school committee plays a role in overseeing school policy implementation for sustainability. Acting as a mediator, the committee effectively facilitates the aspirations of parents and the community, receiving input that is subsequently conveyed to the school principal and discussed in meetings involving stakeholders.

Post-Shock Budgeting: A Methodological Framework

Traditional budgeting approaches have been criticised and called into question as not being able to adapt to management dynamics and context-specific planning needs. This is especially the case when major crises occur, with increased forecast uncertainty as a result. Adaptive techniques such as rolling and continuous budgeting have been developed to address such concerns, though trade-offs between the resulting optimisation of the planning, control and performance evaluation functions exist. A key, though not exclusive, effect of crises is the likely nonlinearity of effects of unit prices which will tend to revert to the mean, or in other words, rebound and gradually converge to pre-shock levels or to a steady state. Aiming to fill this research gap, this study presents a methodological framework, framed within a survival analysis paradigm, which can be used for post-shock budgeting. Following a description of the mathematical properties and steps required for application, the framework is illustrated using a stylised example of operational budget with results being compared between linear and nonlinear price rebound trajectories. The presented framework is a relatively simple and flexible solution to the issue of post-shock budgeting which can be readily developed and adapted, therefore lending itself to a widespread use.