Operating Area Research Articles

Modelling and Evalaution of the Bidirectional Surge Current Robustness of Si(-IGBT and -Diode), SiC(-MOSFETs and -JFET) and GaN(-HEMTs) Devices

This paper will evaluate the surge current robustness of different devices in relation to the active short circuit (ASC). For the purposes of this study, a Si IGBT and its diode, two SiC MOSFETs with different voltage ratings, a SiC JFET, and three GaN HEMTs will be compared. For the GaN devices, a eMode, a dMode, and a cascode device are employed. With the exception of the Si diode, all devices exhibited a current saturation effect. This saturation will result in significant losses and, ultimately, a thermal defect. For all devices, a safe operating area (SOA) criterion is established. For the SiC and GaN devices, the saturation voltage can be employed to define the safe operating area (SOA) criterion. In this context, two on-state resistance models will be defined for these devices. One is solely temperature-dependent, while the other also considers current saturation. Consequently, the saturation voltage and the on-resistance model represent a straightforward methodology for evaluating the ASC robustness of the devices. For all devices, a recommendation for a loss model and SOA criterion will be provided. Finally, the surge current robustness of all devices is compared. The Si, SiC and GaN devices exhibit comparable high surge current robustness in the application, with the exception of the GaN eMode, which is susceptible to strong current saturation.

Implementation of balanced scorecard at drinking water depot

Performance measurement of a business needs to be done to determine the possibility of target deviations in the implementation of predetermined processes, which can occur at any time. Service or performance at Panca Drinking Water Depot is rated poorly by some consumers because the depot is not optimal for fulfilling high consumer demand. This may be due to limited costs for investment in refill equipment and transportation or other problems, which can makes the slow response time. In order to improve depot services for the future, measurement tools are needed to determine business performances and obtain recommendations for improvement, through the application of a Balanced Scorecard. Balanced Scorecard questionnaires were distributed to 10 workers and 152 consumers with four perspectives evaluation, which are financial, consumer, internal business process, and also growth and learning. The result are that the business has profit rate of 7.40%, cost rate of 7.45%, ROE of 7.25%, customer satisfaction index of 62.02% (satisfied), company index of 68.79% (good), employee index of 69.50% (satisfied), and learning index of 67.75% (good). Although the overall performance result is 71.43% or good service, but with the aim to realize performance results of more than 90% or best service, so the depot needs to improve the integrated information systems, increase advertising and promotions, invest on effective equipment and transportations, expand operational areas, and fix policies.

The Potential of Ecotourism in Bayan Village's Customary Forest, North Lombok Regency

Bayan Village, North Lombok District has four customary forests, namely Mandala Customary Forest, Pengempokan Customary Forest, Tiu Rarangan Customary Forest, and Bengket Bayan Customary Forest. The four customary forests have the potential to be developed with the concept of ecotourism. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. With the determination of the location and respondents using Purposive Sampling. The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the feasibility of developing Customary Forests into one of the ecotourism attractions using the parameters of ecotourism appeal, accessibility, conditions of the surrounding area, accommodation, facilities and infrastructure and the availability of clean water. The research parameters used the Guidelines for Analysis of Natural Tourism Attraction Operation Areas (ADO-ODTWA) stipulated by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (Dirjen PHKA) in 2003. The results of the study showed that the four tourist attractions in Bayan Village have the potential to be developed into ecotourism destinations, with respective index values, namely Mandala Customary Forest 86.83%, Pengempokan Customary Forest 84.03%, Bangket Bayan Customary Forest 87.69% and Tiu Rarangan Customary Forest 84%

Advancing Redgram Productivity: Impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Wanaparthy District, Telangana, India

This study aimed to assess the productivity improvement of redgram under Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLD) in Wanaparthy district in the operational area of YFA-KVK, Mahabubnagar-I. A total of 261 demonstrations were conducted over a seven-year period (2016-17 to 2022-23), covering 104.4 hectares during the kharif season under rainfed situation with protected irrigation. Results showed that with the introduction of improved high yielding short duration varieties -PRG176 and WRGE 97 when combined with seed treatment, recommended fertilizer doses, weed management, and plant protection, achieved an increase in average yield of 10.20 quintals per hectare, compared to 6.23 quintals per hectare with traditional farmers’ practices. Net returns averaged ₹35000 from CFLD demonstrations, significantly higher than the ₹14,230 from conventional methods, though variations were influenced by the Minimum Support Price (MSP) set by the Government of India. The study identified an average extension gap of 3.98 quintals per hectare between the demonstrated technology and traditional practices, with an average technology gap of 14.80 quintals per hectare across the years. This gap varied annually due to the performance of recommended varieties and interventions. The technology index correlated with the technology gaps. The findings suggest that redgram production can be significantly improved through the adoption of improved technologies via CFLD. Therefore, it is crucial to spread these improved technologies among farmers using effective extension methods such as awareness camps, farmers-scientist interactions, group discussions, trainings, demonstrations, field days, and exposure visits through CFLD.

Analysis Cooperative Conventional in Push Sustainability Economypublic

Cooperatives as one of the pillars of the people's economy have an important role in encouraging the sustainability of the community's economy. This research aims to analyze the role of the Pakis Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) in encouraging the economic sustainability of the community in the area where it operates. This research uses qualitative methods with case studies. Data was collected through library research and using internet searching. The research results shows that KUD Fern is proven to be capable to encourage the economics sustainability of the community in its operations areas.

Anthropomorphism-based artificial intelligence (AI) robots typology in hospitality and tourism

Purpose Anthropomorphism plays a crucial role in the deployment of human-like robots in hospitality and tourism. This study aims to propose an anthropomorphism-based typology of artificial intelligence (AI) robots, based on robot attributes, usage, function and application across different operational levels. Design/methodology/approach Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the research was conducted in two stages. A search strategy was implemented to explore anthropomorphism-based AI robots and to develop a robot typology. Findings This study provides a comprehensive typology of anthropomorphism-based AI robots used in tourism and hospitality and classifies them into four types, namely, chatbots, mechanoids, humanoids and android robots. Each type features distinct functions and applications. Practical implications The findings can assist companies in using anthropomorphic robots to improve service and strengthen competitiveness. This study offers valuable insights to managers for deploying AI robots across diverse service sectors. Originality/value This research provides a novel typology of hospitality and tourism AI robots and extends the understanding of anthropomorphism in human–robot interaction. This typology encompasses both virtual and physical robots, providing clarity on their attributes, usage, functions and applications across diverse areas of hospitality operations.

Analysis of Community Participation Level in the Community Empowerment Program of Gold Mining Company

Mining companies play an important role in creating sustainable communities around their operational areas. PT ANTAM Tbk UBP Emas (ANTAM UBP Emas), located in Bantar Karet Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency, focuses on the exploration of mineral resources, particularly gold and silver. The surrounding community generally works in the agriculture, plantation, home industry, and fishery sectors. This study aims to analyze: (i) community empowerment program activities run by the company, (ii) the level of community participation in empowerment program planning, (iii) the level of community participation in program implementation, (iv) the level of community participation in the utilization of program results, and (v) the level of community participation in empowerment program evaluation. The research design used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the level of community participation in the empowerment program which includes the stages of planning, implementation, utilization of results, and evaluation still needs to be improved. ANTAM UBP Emas needs to evaluate mentoring methods, implement training programs, and capacity building for group members as an effort to accelerate the increase in participation to achieve the level of Citizen Power participation, so that this program can become a means of corporate exit strategy in accordance with the needs and context of the community.

3<sup>rd</sup> Quadrant Surge Current SOA of SiC MOSFETs with Different Voltage Class

The aim of this work is to investigate the 3rd quadrant safe operating area (SOA) of different voltage class SiC MOSFETs under surge current conditions depending on the gate-source voltage. The extent to which an applied gate-source voltage can influence the surge current capability was investigated. For 650 V and 1.2 kV voltage class devices, surge current capability was higher with channel-on mode. However, this behavior was vice-versa for 2 kV and 3.3 kV devices. In this investigation, during the surge current event, the gate-source voltage was switched between different values to optimize the resulting voltage drop. This method can reduce power dissipation during a surge current event, especially for high voltage class SiC MOSFETs.

EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF SINGLE-STAGE REVISION USING NON-CONTACT LOW FREQUENCY ULTRASONIC DEBRIDEMENT IN TREATING PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTIONS: A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY

Traditional mechanical debridement can only remove visibly infected tissue and is unable to completely clear all the biofilm that hides within muscle crevices and nerves. This study aims to determine the results of single-stage revision using noncontact low frequency ultrasonic debridement in treating chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).A prospective study of consecutive patients requiring single-stage revision for chronic PJI was performed since August 2021. After mechanical debridement, an 8‑mm handheld non‑contact low‑frequency ultrasound probe was used for ultrasonic debridement at a frequency of (25±5) kHz and power of 90% for 5 minutes. Each ultrasound lasted 10 seconds with 3‑seconds intervals. The probe was repeatedly sonicated among all soft tissue and bsingle interface. The distal femoral canal and the posterior capsule of the knee were fully sonicated with a special right‑angle probe. Chemical debridement was then performed to irrigation the whole operative area. Recurrence of infection, culture results and number of colonies 24 hours after ultrasonic debridement were recorded.A total of 45 patients (25 hips and 20 knees) were included and 43 of them (95.6%) were free of infection at a mean follow-up time of 29 months (24 to 33). There were no intraoperative complications related to ultrasonic debridement (neurovascular and muscle injury, poor wound healing and fat liquefaction). The culture‑positive rate of wound liquid before ultrasonic debridement was 40.0% (18/45), which significantly increased to 75.6% (34/45) after ultrasonic debridement (P=0.001). The median number of colonies 24 hours after ultrasonic debridement was 2372 CFU/ml (310 to 4340 CFU/ml), which was significantly higher than that before debridement (307 CFU/ml; 10 to 980 CFU/ml) (P=0.000).Single-stage revision with non‑contact low‑frequency ultrasonic debridement can fully expose bacteria within biofilm, increase the efficacy of chemical debridement and lead to a favorable short‑term outcome without related complications.

Simulation Analysis Based on Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Fuel Assembly Under Blockage Accident

This paper employs computational fluid dynamics to investigate the fuel assemblies within a sodium-cooled fast neutron reactor. To begin with, we developed computational models for seven wire spacer fuel rods under both normal operating conditions and transient blockage conditions. We conducted separate analyses to assess the impacts of normal operation, blockage thickness, and blockage area. This work allowed us to acquire data on the heat transfer properties and the flow field variations for the coolant, blockages, and fuel rods across different conditions. Subsequently, we leveraged these flow field alterations to examine the resulting temperature distributions. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of normal operation, blockage thickness, and blockage area. The research acquired the heat transfer characteristics and flow field distribution variations of the coolant, blockages, and fuel rods under different operational conditions and utilized these variations to analyze the temperature distribution. Through research analysis, the following conclusions have been reached. Under normal operating conditions, the temperature and flow fields of the fuel components exhibit cyclic variations along the axial length, corresponding to the pitch of the wire spacers. Heat exchange between the internal and external subchannels occurs independently, which further substantiates that the incorporation of wire spacers strengthens lateral flow disturbances. This effect is more pronounced within the internal subchannels, thereby leading to a marked difference in the flow fields on either side of the wire spacers. In the case of blocked conditions, an increase in blockage thickness and area both lead to higher temperatures for the coolant, the blockages themselves, and the fuel rods. The temperature in the recirculation zone behind the blockages also rises with increasing blockage thickness and area, although the magnitude of this increase is not significant. After the onset of blockage conditions, the instantaneous temperature tends to increase. As time progresses, the instantaneous temperature fields following the blockage do not display greater fluctuations in temperature change than those observed after the system has stabilized. For the temperature parameters of the convective field, differences arising from an increase in blockage area are more significant than those caused by an increase in blockage thickness. When blockage area and blockage thickness are increased by the same multiple, an increase in blockage area results in a higher temperature peak. Increasing the area of blockage necessitates a longer duration for both the temperature and the velocity fields to revert to equilibrium.

Reconceptualising burdens – NATO centres of excellence: club goods, informal institutions, and partner contributions

ABSTRACT Research on NATO burden sharing comprises dozens of works. Since the end of the cold war, NATO adapted, enlarged, and institutionally complexified its mandates and area of operations. Yet, burden sharing research rarely accounts for such aspects given the political and scholarly focus on NATO’s target of 2% of GDP on military spending since the 2000s. This research merges rational institutionalism with collective action models on club goods production to study NATO Centres of Excellence. These 30 institutions are externally funded, independently run, and address the collective strategic problems associated with Alliance Transformation using informal arrangements, the Memorandum of Understanding. The contents of those agreements are compared using rational institutional design theory. This article offers original data reconceptualising the NATO burdens partners undertake beyond military expenditures using COE participation and hosting while offering a framework for a future examination of how the COE institutional agreements manage strategic problems (i.e. enforcement, allocation, uncertainty, etc.) with expanded data.

Analysis Of Nursing Care in Post Laparotomy TAH-BSO Patient Using Finger Grip Relaxation Therapy

Handling of chocolate cysts can be done by laparotomy surgery. The surgical procedure has an effect or problem that often arises, namely acute pain in the area of the former operation. One of the therapies that can be given to patient with post-laparotomy surgery is finger grip relaxation techniques. This technique is considered capable of reducing the intensity of pain in postoperative patient, in addition to that finger-held relaxation therapy is an effective, comfortable, easy to use, and inexpensive therapy so that all patient can obtain and perform this therapy.This work aims to determine the effectiveness of applying finger-hold relaxation techniques to patient with post-laparotomy surgery for indications of chocolate cysts.The method used in this research is a case study on patient in the Dahlia room, dr. Soebandi General Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pain.The results after being given the intervention of finger-held relaxation techniques for 3 consecutive days with 2 sessions per day for 15 minutes with 3-minute intervals changing the fingers held were a decrease in pain intensity from sharp pain that was felt continuously with a scale of 6 NRS to a recurring, intermittent pain with a pain scale of 3 NRS.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KOMPENSASI, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN WORK-LIFE BALANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daerah Operasi (DAOP) IV Semarang)

This research examines the impact of leadership, salary, work environment, and work-life balance on worker performance at PT. Indonesian Railways (Persero) Operational Area 4 Semarang. By using a quantitative approach and a questionnaire survey of 145 employee respondents, the research concluded that each variable had a significant effect on employee performance. All research measuring instruments were declared valid and reliable based on the results of validity and reliability tests. Multiple linear regression research shows that leadership, salary, working conditions, and work-life balance have a positive effect on employee performance. These findings provide important information for improving management strategies and human resource development in companies.

Comparing Company Valuation Before and After IPO Study Case PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk

Affordable energy resources of energy play a crucial role in economic and social development to support food production, availability of water supply and sustainable healty lifestyle. In order to avoid long-term scarcity resulting from the continuous use of non-renewable energy sources, we must explore all potential renewable energy source that align with concernes about climate change and other environmental issues. As a continuation of the Indonesian government’s efforts to generate clean and environmental friendly energy, PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) was established in 2006. It has contributed 82% of the installed geothermal energy capacity in Indonesia. By leveraging Indonesia’s location within the Ring of Fire as one of the world’s geothermal energy hubs, PGE has been supplying electricity to more than 2 million households in Indonesia with a potential emission reduction of 9.7 million tons of CO2 per year. To achieve sustainable business growth, PGEO is optimizing production in its operational areas by expanding installed capacity. In the company consideration, IPO is an appropriate step to financing the expansion. The author compares the company’s value before and after the IPO to determine the short-term impact of the IPO, helping investors gauge their confidence in making investment decisions in PGEO. This study utilizes secondary data from prospectuses, financial statements, annual reports, sustainability reports, company-published documents, as well as data from IDX.co.id and IDN Financials.com. The data was collected and analyzed to understand evaluate financial performance, and assess the company’s value before and after the IPO. The calculation of the company’s intrinsic value is conducted using the Discounted Cash Flow Valuation method for the pre-IPO period against the company’s financial projections for the years 2019 to 2022 and for the post-IPO period against the company’s financial projections for the years 2024 to 2028, using discount rates of 8.25% and 8.65% for each. In resulting the intrinsic value pre-IPO is IDR 1.141,28 and the intrinsic value post-IPO is IDR 1.300,86. The stock price of PGEO at its IPO on February 23, 2023, was IDR 875, while the adjusted closing price on December 29, 2023, was IDR 1,170. This study founds that the market price of PGEO’s stock, both before and after the IPO, are overvalued.

Gadolinium Enhanced T2 FLAIR is an Imaging Biomarker of Radiation Necrosis and Tumor Progression in Patients with Brain Metastases.

Differentiating radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor progression (TP) after radiotherapy for brain metastases is an important clinical problem requiring advanced imaging techniques which may not be widely available and are challenging to perform at multiple time points. The ability to leverage conventional MRI for this problem, could have meaningful clinical impact. The purpose of this study was to explore contrast enhanced T2 FLAIR (T2FLAIRc) as a new imaging biomarker of RN and TP. This single-institution retrospective study included patients with treated brain metastases undergoing DSC-MRI between January 2021 and June 2023. Reference standard assessment was based on histopathology or serial follow-up including results of DSC-MRI for a minimum of 6 months from the first DSC-MRI. The index test was implemented as part of the institutional brain tumor MRI protocol and preceded the first DSC-MRI. T2FLAIRc and gadolinium enhanced T1 MPRAGE (T1c) signal were normalized against normal brain parenchyma and expressed as z-score. Mean signal intensity of enhancing disease for RN and TP groups were compared using unpaired t-test. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were derived by bootstrapping. DeLong test was used to compare AUC. 56 participants (mean age, 62 years +/-12.7 [SD]; 39 females); 28 RN, 28 TP were evaluated. The index MRI was performed on average 73 days +/-34 [SD] before the first DSC-MRI. Significantly higher z-scores were found for RN using T2FLAIRc (8.3 versus 5.8, p<0.001) and T1c (4.1 versus 3.5, p=0.02). AUC for T2FLAIRc (0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.92) was greater than T1c (0.70, 95% CI, 0.560.83) (p = 0.04). The AUC of DSC derived rCBV (0.82, 95% CI, 0.70-0.93) was not significantly different from T2FLAIRc (p = 0.9). A higher normalized T1c and T2FLAIRc signal intensity was found for RN. In a univariable test, mean T2FLAIRc signal intensity of enhancing voxels showed good discrimination performance for distinguishing RN from TP. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of T2FLAIRc as an imaging biomarker in the work-up of RN in patients with brain metastases. AUC = area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; RN = radiation necrosis; ROC = receiver operating characteristic; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery; T1c = contrast enhanced T1; T2FLAIRc = contrast enhanced T2 FLAIR; TP = tumor progression.

Environmental Radiological Impact and Risk Assessment of Natural Radioactivity at the Heap Leach Facility of Tarkwa Goldmine, Ghana: Radiotoxicity and Public Exposure

In this study, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to determine the radioactivity levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in heap pads/soil and water samples within and around the operational area of Tarkwa Gold Mine in Ghana. Gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in heap pads/soil, and 226Ra, 228Th, and 40K in water samples. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Th in all water samples were below the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended guidelines for drinking water. Similarly, the average activity concentrations of measured radionuclides in heap pads/soil samples taken from depths of 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm were found to be below the worldwide average reported values. The annual effective dose to the public was estimated to be around 0.16 mSv, which is below the recommended limit. The values of the hazard indices are also below the recommended limits, implying that if heap pads/soils are used for building purposes and construction, they will not pose any significant radiation hazard. The results of this study indicate that radiation levels are within the natural background radiation levels reported in the literature and are consistent with findings from similar studies conducted in Ghana.

Produktivitas Bongkar Muat Angkutan Retail di PT Kereta Api Indonesia

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Operational Area IV Semarang is one of the state-owned enterprises that operates its business activities in the field of railroad transportation services, which provides facilities and infrastructure to support the smooth transportation of passengers and goods. Along with the increasing flow of goods and loading and unloading operations, all stakeholders involved in the railroad sector are increasingly improving the quality of work and service so that all operations at the terminal run well. This study aims to determine the causes of decreased loading and unloading productivity and the influence of facility factors, human resources, and time on the productivity of loading and unloading retail freight. This research was conducted at PT Kereta Api Indonesia DAOP IV Semarang UPT Terminal Semarang Tawang. Data collection was done through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. This study employs quantitative research methods. The data processing shows that the drop in the productivity of loading and unloading retail transportation is due to a number of things, such as the facilities for loading and unloading (X1), the number of workers (X2), and the amount of time spent loading and unloading (X3). The SPSS output shows that all three of these variables have some effect on the productivity (Y) of retail freight at PT Kereta Api Indonesia DAOP IV UPT Terminal Semarang Tawang.

Legal Reconstruction of Grondkaart as Ownership Evidence of Land Asset of Pt. Kereta Api Indonesia in the Inventory Process in Operation Area V of Purwokerto Based on Justice Values

Legal Reconstruction of Grondkaart as Ownership Evidence of Land Asset of Pt. Kereta Api Indonesia in the Inventory Process in Operation Area V of Purwokerto Based on Justice Values

Pediatric septic shock estimation using deep learning and electronic medical records.

Diagnosing pediatric septic shock is difficult due to the complex and often impractical traditional criteria, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which result in delays and higher risks. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based model using SIRS data for early diagnosis in pediatric septic shock cases. The study analyzed data from pediatric patients (<18 years old) admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2010 to July 2023. Vital signs, lab tests, and clinical information were collected. Septic shock cases were identified using SIRS criteria and inotrope use. A deep learning model was trained and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). Variable contributions were analyzed using the Shapley additive explanation value. The analysis, involving 9,616,115 measurements, identified 34,696 septic shock cases (0.4%). Oxygen supply was crucial for 41.5% of the control group and 20.8% of the septic shock group. The final model showed strong performance, with an AUROC of 0.927 and AUPRC of 0.879. Key influencers were age, oxygen supply, sex, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, while body temperature had minimal impact on estimation. The proposed deep learning model simplifies early septic shock diagnosis in pediatric patients, reducing the diagnostic workload. Its high accuracy allows timely treatment, but external validation through prospective studies is needed.

Research on multi-UUV mission planning for mine countermeasures based on preferred multi-objective optimization

Facing rising maritime security threats, this study presents T-MOEA/D, a sophisticated evolutionary algorithm enhancing UUVs’ capabilities in mine detection and neutralization. The algorithm tackles the multi-objective challenge by balancing time and energy, integrating user preferences into its optimization process. It leverages genetic operators such as dual chromosome encoding and partially mapped crossover to evolve efficient solutions, outperforming T-NSGA-II and T-NSGA-III in hypervolume and operational time. The UUV, directed by T-MOEA/D, navigates to operational areas and employs StyleGAN and YOLOv9 for accurate mine perception, crucial for executing mine countermeasure tasks. The system’s effectiveness is confirmed through Unity3D simulations and real-world tests, demonstrating its practicality and reliability. The study’s findings offer strategic guidance for planning large-scale mine countermeasure missions with multiple UUVs, ensuring operational efficiency and safety in complex underwater environments. The Pareto optimal solutions align with user preferences, reflecting a tailored approach to mine countermeasure missions.