Operation Strategy Research Articles

Research on Electric Hydrogen Hybrid Storage Operation Strategy for Wind Power Fluctuation Suppression

Research on Electric Hydrogen Hybrid Storage Operation Strategy for Wind Power Fluctuation Suppression

Understanding the interaction between soil ORP and enzyme activity: How does wetland type affect constructed wetland performance for the advanced treatment of swine wastewater?

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are widely used for the advanced treatment of swine wastewater. Wetland type is the most critical parameter for engineering applications; therefore, the performance of horizontal/vertical subsurface flow CWs (HSFCWs and VSFCWs) was explored over one year of operation. The effects of five antibiotics (40 μg/L each), copper (Cu, 1.0 mg/L), and their combination on CW performance and soil oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and enzyme activity were investigated. The annual removal efficiencies of HSFCWs and VSFCWs for total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen, and phosphorus were 72.03 %–84.49 % and 87.15 %–90.72 %, for antibiotics were 91.35 %–99.52 % and 87.33 %–99.57 %, and for Cu were 97.37 %–97.44 % and 95.52 %–96.85 %, respectively. The CWs removed antibiotics through substrate adsorption, plant absorption, and biodegradation. Total antibiotic residues in HSFCW and VSFCW soils ranged from 6.29 to 17.31 and 24.57 to 589.07 μg/kg, respectively, and enrofloxacin and roxithromycin posed medium and high risks in VSFCW non-rhizosphere soil. The amount of residual antibiotics in Phragmites australis parts was in the order of fibrous roots > rhizomes > aboveground. ORP and enzyme activities were greater in rhizosphere soil than in non-rhizosphere soil and greater in the VSFCWs than in the HSFCWs. CW performance and soil enzyme activities decreased under the stress of antibiotics and coexistence of antibiotics and Cu. These findings advance our knowledge of CW design, elucidate the unique advantages of CWs, and offer efficient operation strategies for swine wastewater advanced treatment, helping researchers recognize the adverse effects of antibiotics on CWs.

Bi-Level Operation Optimization and Performance Analysis for a Distributed Energy System with Energy Network

The increasing energy crisis and environmental problems promote the development of distributed energy systems (DESs) that utilize combined heat and power technology, renewable energy technology, and waste heat recovery technology to meet various load requirements. Although there is existing work and research on a variety of DESs, most previous studies tend to focus on energy production with little consideration of a distributed energy network and its energy loss, which results in large errors in energy-efficiency calculations and performance analyses. In this paper, a new DES model is proposed with full consideration of an energy network and the full use of solar energy, terrestrial heat, and exhaust gases. At the same time, an effective bi-level optimization method is also proposed for the daily operation of the DES in order to improve the system performance and benefits in the energy, the economy, and the environment. Specifically, the co-generation energy station and water heating network in the DES are optimized separately with two different optimization models. The first-level optimization model is used to seek the optimal values of water mass flow rate and water temperature of the water heating network, and the second-level optimization model is built to determine the optimal energy purchasing strategy and the optimal energy outputs of the co-generation energy station. In order to verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed system and method, a contrastive simulation study is undertaken to provide a comparison of the global optimization method. Simulation results show that energy loss, energy cost, and energy consumption of the DES using the bi-level optimization operation strategy only account for 22.51%, 33.42%, and 51.31% of the quantities of the global optimization method, respectively. The hourly curves of the optimal operating variables also demonstrate that the proposed bi-level optimization method can improve the operating stability of the DES better than the global optimization method.

Real-time monitoring and protection strategies for dense granular flow spallation target in Accelerator-Driven System

An innovative concept of a high-power, gravity-driven, dense granular spallation target has been integrated into the prototype design of the China initiative Accelerator-Driven System (CiADS), which is envisioned as a promising nuclear demonstration facility aimed at converting long-lived fission products and minor actinides into short-lived isotopes. This spallation target system, bridging the proton beam accelerator and the subcritical reactor, plays a crucial role in ensuring safety control and facilitating dynamic operational strategies. In this study, we have developed a system design for an online detector array, incorporating several neutron fission chambers and thermocouples installed in the gap between the spallation target and the subcritical reactor to monitor operations. Furthermore, we have devised real-time monitoring and protection methods to tackle the challenges of measuring beam position and the blockage condition associated with granular flow, considering the distribution of neutron flux and heat deposition under abnormal irradiation conditions. Monte Carlo simulations have demonstrated the applicability and feasibility of the control system for the dense granular spallation target in the accelerator-driven system. The numerical results confirm that the proposed control system meets the requirements for stable measurement with acceptable accuracy.

BUSINESS PLAN ANALYSIS OF HEALTHYLE

Catfish is a popular and affordable fishery product enjoyed by many. Healthyle, which stands for Healthy Lele, was established in 2023 to sell instant frozen catfish products, including ready-to-fry catfish and catfish katsu. These products are made from catfish farmed according to Good Fish Farming Practices (CBIB) and are halal certified. The catfish farming operation began in 2021. This study aims to analyzing Healthyle's marketing and operational strategies. This research uses data collection techniques carried out is secondary data. The result of this study is Healthyle's business plan highlights the need for comprehensive analysis to refine marketing and operational strategies. Despite a broad market for catfish in Jabodetabek and West Java, Healthyle’s marketing remains traditional and underutilized. The pricing is competitive, and the supply chain for raw materials is secure, suggesting that enhancing marketing efforts could significantly improve sales performance.

Environmental Management Strategies for Cost-Effective Waste Management in Hospitals

General background: Waste management in hospitals is crucial due to its environmental impact. Specific background: RSU Al Islam HM Mawardi Krian struggles with waste management while adhering to PSAP No. 1 of 2010 and maintaining efficiency. Knowledge gap: Limited research exists on applying environmental management accounting and operational strategies for hospital waste management in line with accounting standards. Aims: This study analyzes the impact of environmental management accounting and strategies on waste management costs at RSU Al Islam HM Mawardi Krian, assessing compliance with PSAP standards. Results: The hospital has implemented processes of identification, recognition, measurement, recording, presentation, and disclosure per PSAP No. 1 of 2010, managing waste effectively and incurring environmental costs. Novelty: Offers insights into aligning hospital environmental cost management with government standards. Implications: Structured environmental accounting and strategies can enhance waste management, improve hospital reputation, ensure regulatory compliance, and potentially increase revenue. Highlights: RSU Al Islam HM Mawardi complies with PSAP No. 1 of 2010 in managing waste costs. Proper environmental accounting improves transparency and operational efficiency. Structured strategies can boost hospital reputation and revenue. Keywords: Environmental Management Accounting, Operational Strategies, Waste Management Costs, Hospital Compliance

Dynamic adaptation in power transmission: integrating robust optimization with online learning for renewable uncertainties

IntroductionThe increasing integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, into power grids introduces significant challenges due to their inherent variability and unpredictability. Traditional fossil-fuel-based power systems are ill-equipped to maintain stability and cost-effectiveness in this evolving energy landscape.MethodsThis study presents a novel framework that integrates robust optimization with online learning to dynamically manage uncertainties in renewable energy generation. Robust optimization ensures system resilience under worst-case scenarios, while the online learning component continuously updates operational strategies based on real-time data. The framework was tested using an IEEE 30-bus test system under varying levels of renewable energy integration.ResultsSimulation results show that the proposed framework reduces operational costs by up to 12% and enhances system reliability by 1.4% as renewable energy integration increases from 10% to 50%. Additionally, the need for reserve power is significantly reduced, particularly under conditions of high variability in renewable energy outputs.DiscussionThe integration of robust optimization with online learning provides a dynamic and adaptive solution for the sustainable management of power transmission systems. This approach not only improves economic and environmental outcomes but also enhances grid stability, making it a promising strategy for addressing the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on renewable energy.

The Low-Carbon Path of Active Distribution Networks: A Two-Stage Model from Day-Ahead Reconfiguration to Real-Time Optimization

The integration of renewable energy sources and distributed energy storage systems increasingly complicates the operation of distribution networks, while stringent carbon reduction targets demand low-carbon operational strategies. To address these complexities, this paper introduces a two-stage model for reconfiguring distribution networks and ensuring low-carbon dispatch. Initially, second-order cone programming is employed to minimize losses in the network. Subsequently, the outputs of renewable energy and energy storage systems are optimized using the mantis search algorithm (MSA) to achieve low-carbon dispatch, with the network’s carbon potential as the evaluation metric. The proposed model demonstrates a significant reduction in average active power loss by 34.85%, a decrease in daily carbon emissions by 509.97 kg, and a reduction in carbon emission costs by 17.24%, thereby markedly enhancing the economic and social benefits of grid operations.

Optimal operation of CCHP system with duality operation strategy considering hydrogen trading and carbon capture

The combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, known for its outstanding compatibility performance, has been widely integrated with renewable energy sources such as hydrogen, wind, and photovoltaics, as well as decarbonization technologies in the energy field. However, the increased complexity of CCHP scheduling due to the high proportion of renewable energy sources and load fluctuations leads to negative returns if renewable energy sources are not scheduled reasonably and decarbonization technologies are not utilized. To address this challenge, this study introduced solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) and carbon capture system (CCS) into the CCHP system, and constructed a novel CCHP model considering hydrogen trading and decarbonization technologies. First, for the scheduling of SOEC and CCS, a game model was presented based on hydrogen sales and energy storage benefits. Second, a nudge and compel theory-based scheduling strategy and a duality operation strategy (DOS) considering sources-load fluctuation were proposed. Third, for the optimal energy scheduling problem of CCHP under new strategies and technologies, a novel multi-objective PID-based search algorithm with dynamic disturbance response was introduced. Finally, the proposed new strategies, methods, and models were verified through actual case studies on multiple typical days. The results revealed that, compared with the following electrical load strategy and following thermal load strategies, the DOS reduced costs by 3.03 % and 6.99 %, and emissions by 7.84 % and 1.39 %, respectively. The obtained outcomes contribute to the application and development of clean energy and decarbonization techniques.

Core Mechanisms in Mediating eHealth Implementation and Uptake: A Case Study of Eastern Uganda

Researchers agree that, globally, in both developing and developed countries, healthcare management is faced with acute challenges: expanding areas of health needs, operationalizing health management, constrained budget allocations, as well as resource limitations. Hence, there is an imminent drive to find solutions to stimulate health system transformation through health system innovation. Therefore, effective national operational strategies to minimize resource wastage and contain the costs of health service delivery are critical. The study adopted a methodology that incorporated different research approaches and strategies. Deductive and inductive approaches were used; the strategies were surveys and case studies. A sample of 178 health professionals and administrators in three Health care facilities in Eastern Uganda, were determined and surveyed. Eligible respondents were stratified and selected through simple random sampling. Self-administered questionnaires and interview guides were used to gather the data. The captured data was analysed using Stata version 17. Regression analysis was used to determine the impact of eHealth Implementation core mechanisms on Quality Health Service Delivery. From the results of regression analysis, the core mechanisms variable had a p-value of 0.049 which was significant. For eHealth Implementation Core Mechanisms, the respondents have less control over them since they are dependent on several environmental factors, such as government funding or grants, Government regulations, and policies among others.

Optimizing fleet, staff configuration and operational strategies in one-way mixed fleet carsharing systems: a Lagrangian relaxation-based approach

ABSTRACT This study explores enhancing carsharing services by integrating gasoline and electric vehicles into a one-way mixed fleet carsharing system (OMFCS). The focus is on optimizing configurations (fleet and staff size, initial deployment) and operational strategies (vehicle relocation and staff rebalancing) while considering carbon emission costs. Employing a space-time-electricity network modeling approach, we developed an integer linear programming model to tackle the configurations and operational strategies optimization problem. For solving this model, we introduce a Lagrangian relaxation-branch bound approach, which integrates subgradient, dynamic programming and greedy-based heuristics algorithm. An illustrative case and a real-world case are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution method and the analysis sheds light on the configurations and operational strategies of OMFCS. The sensitive analysis results suggest that OMFCS is more profitable and balances user service quality and carbon emissions better than carsharing systems using only one type of vehicle.

Multi-period operation of integrated electricity and gas systems with hydrogen blending considering gas composition dynamics

Green hydrogen from renewable sources can be blended with natural gas and serves as a potentially feasible measure for contributing to the net zero energy sector. The time-varying nature of hydrogen injection, influenced by stochastic renewable generations, can result in fluctuations in gas concentrations in the entire network. It poses a potential threat to the secure regulation of integrated electricity and gas systems (IEGS). For managing the operating condition and guaranteeing the security of IEGS during operation, a multi-period operation framework with alternative gas (e.g., hydrogen) blending is developed. First, a convex gas security range is derived using the Dutton method. Then, the multi-period operation framework is devised to mitigate the impacts of alternative gas injection on gas security over the entire operational period. Both the dynamics from gas composition and gas flow are modelled, accurately describing the real-time travel of alternative gas concentrations. The dynamics in the gas mixture properties (e.g., relative density) are fully revealed with time-varying gas concentrations. To tackle the high non-convexities in the optimization problem, second-order-cone relaxation is well-tailored and firstly used in the case of varying gas compositions, making the motion equations and advective transport equations more tractable. An advanced second-order-cone sequential programming is devised to drive the relaxation tight more efficiently. Finally, our operation strategy is illustrated in IEEE and Belgium Electricity and Gas Systems. Results indicate that hydrogen concentrations take about 12.5 h to travel from the injection point to the end of the pipeline route in the Belgium gas system. By incorporating this unique characteristic into the model, operational scheduling and dispatch in IEGS can be more practical when integrating hydrogen in the future.

Automated vision-based concrete crack measurement system

Maintaining and ensuring the safety of ageing infrastructures is becoming of uttermost importance. This is particularly critical in Europe, where several infrastructures like tunnels and bridges are approaching their end-of-life. Such a condition justifies the need for a prompt recognition of the deterioration status of these structures as well as the identification of strategies for effective inspection and monitoring operations. This paper focuses on cracks, and proposes a vision-based measurement system aimed at precisely and accurately detecting cracks on concrete surfaces and measuring their geometric features. The system mainly leverages RGB-D cameras to make the pixel to real world measurement units conversion possible (by assessing the camera to target relative distance and pose), and exploits an image processing pipeline consisting of the following steps: (a) an artificial intelligence-based semantic segmentation model for identifying cracks on the target structure; (b) a ridge detection algorithm for identifying the centre line of the cracks; (c) a geometric feature extraction algorithm to extract key metrics of the crack, like its width and length. Variance analysis of the crack mean width measurement shows a repeatability standard deviation of 0.01 mm and a reproducibility standard deviation of 0.02 mm, with a Type A expanded uncertainty of 0.004 mm. The system performance is discussed in the paper referring both to lab testing activities, targeted to the assessment of its metrological characteristics, and to a real field application, i.e. concrete inspection in a tunnel. This latter application is of particular interests as it is targeted to demonstrate the robustness of the approach in harsh environments (i.e., strong presence of dust, total absence of natural light) and on surfaces whose roughness generates important light gradients and shadows (e.g., sprayed concrete).

Coordinated planning and operation of PV- hydrogen integrated distribution network incorporating daily-seasonal green hydrogen storage and EV charging station

The current study introduces an optimal planning and operational framework for a Distribution Network (DN) that integrates Photovoltaic (PV)-green Hydrogen (H2)-based energy system with Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS). An efficient operational strategy is proposed considering both short-term H2 storage (STHS) and long-term H2 storage (LTHS), ensuring uninterrupted power supply. Besides, a novel Improved Harris Hawk Optimization method is developed to enhance the global search capabilities and convergence rate in optimizing the capacity of Solar module, Electrolyzer, and Fuel cells. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the device costs, energy loss, and carbon emissions, adhering to all operational constraints. The proposed work is tested on 33-bus radial DN and 51-bus real Indian DN considering the time frame of 10 years. The analysis reveals that the PV-STHS-LTHS configuration, reduces total planning costs by 12% and 15% as compared to the base case in the 33-bus and 51-bus systems, respectively. Additionally, the integration of both daily and seasonal storage facilities with PV systems leads to a reduction in carbon emissions by 76% and 81% in the 33-bus and 51-bus systems, respectively. Besides the carbon reduction, the incorporation of daily and cross-seasonal H2 storage increases oxygen release into the environment by 13% for the 33-bus system and 15% for the 51-bus system.

Strategies for sustainable development of offshore wind power in regions with limited resources

Offshore wind power, as a renewable energy source, possesses significant potential in the process of decarbonizing the energy system. Despite the current lack of economic competitiveness compared to other renewable energy sources, offshore wind power development has not received due attention. Nonetheless, it holds significant potential for future growth given the dual pressures of increasing power demand and carbon reduction. Consequently, a bottom-up energy system planning model is developed to consider the simultaneous transition of supply and demand sides, focusing on offshore wind power development and integration in Hebei, China, a region with limited resources. The analysis indicates that by 2060, Hebei could potentially install up to 20 GW of offshore wind power capacity, with the Tangshan area identified as a suitable location for wind power integration. In current policy background, which is considered more aggressive, the annual cost across the entire system is projected to increase by 7 %. Offshore wind power is deemed particularly suitable for hydrogen production to mitigate seasonal fluctuations, contingent upon synchronized energy transition on the demand side and corresponding hydrogen demand. A typical operational strategy involves hydrogen production from offshore wind power during winter and spring, with storage or utilization during summer and autumn.

Spatiotemporal distribution of pCO2 and CO2 flux and the regulatory factors: From the perspective of a subtropical canyon-shaped reservoir, southwest China

Reservoir carbon cycling is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, particularly in subtropical canyon-shaped reservoirs where unique geomorphological features and hydrological regulation under monsoon climate provide a distinct perspective for carbon cycle research. This study takes the Zipingpu Reservoir (ZPPR) in southwestern China as an example and reveals significant seasonal variations in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface (FCO2) through annual monitoring. The average pCO2 in ZPPR is 486 μatm, and the average FCO2 is 0.093 g C m-2d-1, with approximately 42.4 % of FCO2 measurements being negative, indicating the reservoir's role can act as a carbon sink. The study also estimated the gas transfer coefficient (K), with an average value of 1.888 md-1. Peak FCO2 during spring and summer is three times higher than in other seasons, consistent with the main influencing factors of inflow dynamics, metabolic processes, and reservoir operation strategies. Inflow and operational activities, particularly during spring and summer, drive CO2 emissions in the downstream reach and upstream tributary, while biological activity facilitates CO2 uptake in the lacustrine area and forebay tributary, with enhanced absorption occurring in the autumn. Concurrently, high-intensity FCO2 emissions from the upstream river section during summer underscore the importance of carbon emission monitoring and management during critical periods. The findings not only enhance the understanding of FCO2 assessment accuracy but also provide a framework for evaluating and optimizing carbon dynamics management strategies in canyon-shaped reservoirs, contributing valuable insights to global carbon cycle research.

Improving Business Performance of SMEs Using SDGs Components and Business Strategy

This study aims to describe and analyze the correlation of the SDGs components related to business strategy and performance of SMEs. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were conceptually used as basic variables in improving the business performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in order to reduce poverty alleviation. The type of this research is explanatory research. The number of samples in this study were 170 respondents of SMEs determined by structural equation model (SEM) as the method of analyzing data, which is operated by AMOS. The population is 295 SMEs. The result of this study shows that the greatest influence of performance of SMEs was business operational strategy of 6,365, and the smallest effect was on SDGs economic indicators to business operational strategy of 1,022. In this case, it can be stated that the sustainable development goals (SDGs) have a significant influence on the business operational strategy and business performance of SMEs. For small and medium entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta, seeing SDGs as a development goal will affect their operational business strategy, especially related to economic variables. Keywords: business performance, business strategy, poverty alleviation, small and medium enterprise (SMEs), SDGs

Operation Strategy and Matching of Supply and Demand of CCHP System with Various Building Types

Operation Strategy and Matching of Supply and Demand of CCHP System with Various Building Types

Process Intensification of Gas–Liquid Separations Using Packed Beds: A Review

The gas–liquid multiphase process plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, and the utilization of packed beds enhances separation efficiency by increasing the contact area and promoting effective gas–liquid interaction during the separation process. This paper primarily reviews the progress from fundamental research to practical application of gas–liquid multiphase processes in packed bed reactors, focusing on advancements in fluid mechanics (flow patterns, liquid holdup, and pressure drop) and the mechanisms governing gas–liquid interactions within these reactors. Firstly, we present an overview of recent developments in understanding gas–liquid flow patterns; subsequently we summarize liquid holdup and pressure drop characteristics within packed beds. Furthermore, we analyze the underlying mechanisms involved in bubble breakup and coalescence phenomena occurring during continuous flow of gas–liquid dispersions, providing insights for reactor design and operation strategies. Finally, we summarize applications of packed bed reactors in carbon dioxide absorption, chemical reactions, and wastewater treatment while offering future perspectives. These findings serve as valuable references for optimizing gas–liquid separation processes.

Implementation of Controlled Floods for Sediment Management on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon Under Aridification

ABSTRACTIn addition to supplying water for agriculture, cities, and industry, the Colorado River traverses the Colorado Plateau, including several of the most unique and valued National Parks and Recreation Areas in the United States. Although the water needs of these landscapes were not considered at the time water allocations were first negotiated, these needs were recognized in subsequent legislation and policy. Management goals address a range of aquatic and riparian resources, including fine sediment (sand, silt, and clay) which, in Grand Canyon, is important for ecological, cultural, and recreational resources. Over ~30 years, stakeholders, resource managers, and scientists collectively developed operational strategies for sediment management to meet goals outlined by an adaptive management program. However, prolonged drought, or “aridification,” resulting in declining runoff and the lowest reservoir storage elevations in decades has challenged those strategies. The paradigm for sustainable sediment management relies on (1) sand accumulation on the bed of the Colorado River during periods of sediment‐rich tributary floods from summer/fall thunderstorms, and (2) dam‐released controlled (artificial) floods, referred to as High‐Flow Experiments (HFEs), to redistribute the accumulated sand to rebuild eroded bar and floodplain deposits. The management protocol, which specifies narrowly defined sand accumulation periods and HFE implementation windows, is based on implementing HFEs in late fall during the period of greatest sediment enrichment, before higher winter releases for hydropower erode the accumulated sand from the riverbed. Low dam releases associated with drought, however, have changed the pattern of sand accumulation and low reservoir elevations have prevented HFE implementation in the defined window. An alternative strategy for HFE planning and implementation was tested opportunistically in April 2023 following lower‐than‐normal winter dam releases. We present findings from this HFE indicating that sand enrichment and sandbar building equaled or exceeded that of HFEs conducted under the established management protocol. These findings show that management goals for sediment under conditions of prolonged drought may be achievable but will likely require substantial changes in dam management strategies.