Operation Of Power Lines Research Articles

Analysis of the Condition and Monitoring of Emergency Power Outages in 10 kV Overhead Lines of the Oryol Region

Efficiency improvement of modern production is associated with uninterrupted power supply to consumers. Power supply reliability to consumers is ensured by reliable operation of power lines. The number of outages depends on their condition and operation quality. An increase in the number of outages affects the further degradation of power line state, significantly reducing the resource of lines and equipment; and it takes a lot of time to find faults and eliminate them. Monitoring of power outages in overhead power lines will reduce the time of emergency elimination.1

Algorithm for determining the tilt of support of electric power supplies by methods of deep learning with video data

The uninterrupted operation of power lines can only be ensured by constant monitoring of the state of power lines. The most promising direction in the automation of the diagnostics of power transmission lines are robotic systems, such as UAVs with video cameras mounted on them or robots crawling through wires, used for a detailed analysis of the state of power transmission line elements. The video data received by them is further analyzed by the methods of machine vision and neural networks. One of the defects of power line elements is the deviation of the supports from the vertical. Despite the fact that in a number of works the state of power transmission line supports was determined (fallen supports or not), the angle of inclination of the supports was not calculated. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm for calculating the angle of inclination of power transmission line supports for the module of the diagnostic system of the CableWalker complex, which is an unmanned aerial platform with the ability to land on a wire and move along it. The YOLO v3 neural network was used to select objects in images. To identify the slope of concrete supports in the obtained bounding rectangles, machine vision methods (Canny, Hough Line, GrabCut algorithm) were used. The algorithm has been developed to identify the objects contained in the image using the YOLO v3 neural network and determine the edges of the supports by building straight lines along them. The angles between the found edges of the support and the horizon (the lower edge of the image) have been calculated as the arctangent of the ratio of the coordinates of the point on the edge of the support. The algorithm has passed laboratory tests which have shown its suitability for use in the diagnostic system of the CableWalker complex. The application of the algorithm reduces the image processing time from several days (in the case of an expert) to several minutes and eliminates the error associated with the human factor.

Design and Test of Self-Rescue Safety Belt for Power Line Operation at Heights

The self-rescue ability of electric power workers is of great significance to the safety of workers. However, the current use of safety belts can only ensure that operators do not fall to the ground, but it is not convenient for operators to carry out independent rescue and return to the wire. In this paper, a new type of safety belt design scheme is proposed to improve the self-rescue ability of electric power workers. The biggest difference between this new type of safety belt and the current one is that it integrates a new type of buffer bag, which integrates pedal belt and can help operators change their posture and climb up. Through the test of the safety belt with the new buffer bag, it is found that the new safety belt not only has the basic safety protection ability, but also can effectively assist the operators to carry out self-rescue, which greatly improves the safety protection level of the workers of power lines.

PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION LINES AND ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES ON GENERAL SUPPORT IN CITY CONDITIONS

In the development of the energy industry in Russia, there has been a steady growth in the demand for electrical energy. Moreover, a significant increase in electricity consumption accounts for large cities. In rural areas, electricity consumption is mainly decreasing, which can be explained by the tendency of the outflow of the working-age population from the village and villages to the cities due to the lack of permanent work. However, when investing in the agro-industrial complex, with the development of farms, the demand for electricity also increases in villages. In addition, it is necessary to note the large-scale introduction of digital television and modern means of communication in holiday villages and villages. Thus, in the last decade, the demand for electricity throughout the country has increased significantly, which has led to an increase in communications and communications services, as well as consumers of these services. Since the easiest and most cost-effective way to provide consumer services and power supply is to lay down overhead lines and overhead power lines, it often happens that new customers are connected to already existing old (sometimes heavily worn out) lines. In addition to possible overloads of lines, a “tangle” of wires is formed at the intersections of overhead communication lines (VLS) and overhead transmission lines (VLE), which makes it difficult to carry out subsequent installation and repair work. The appearance of such a "tangle" creates an additional risk of injury to the worker when working at height. In order to reduce the complexity of maintenance and increase safety during operation, installation and maintenance of communication lines and power lines, a constructive solution has been proposed in junction intersections in the form of a traverse, which allows, firstly, to provide a greater number of attachment points and, secondly, to separate communication lines and power lines on different planes.

APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC PHASE SHUNTING FOR SUPPRESSION OF THE SECONDARY ARC IN PAUSE PAIRS OF EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES

One of the main causes of equipment failure in the main electrical network is a overvoltage, that is, increase the value of the operating voltage above the maximum value according to the technical requirements. This is because the relatively small insulation reserve provides for the components of the electricity grid because of its high cost for a given voltage. Generally, cost of power systems insulation is a significant factor in capital expenditures. Internal overvoltage appears through resonance, due to coincidence of the parameters of the circle. In order to increase the reliability and efficiency of extra-high voltage power lines, a single-phase automatic reclose is applied when a single-phase short circuit occurs. During the operation cycle of a single-phase automatic reclose, a secondary arc arises, which receives supplying from the capacitive connections of the unconnected phases of the line. In turn, the success of a single-phase reclosing cycle depends on the characteristics of the secondary arc. The aim of the article is the development and application of an effective measure of suppressing a secondary arc in the form of automatic shunting of the disconnected phase. To achieve this goal, an approach has been developed to determine the characteristics of the repeated arc of the current of the disconnected phase, based on the matrix method of analysis of power line elements. To assess the degree of influence of automatic phase shunting on the aperiodic component of the charge arc current, the equivalent circuit of the disconnected damaged phase was compared. Based on the developed approaches, the effectiveness of the use of automatic phase shunting to increase the efficiency of operation of extra-high voltage power lines in o-phase operation modes was proved.

Research on the direction of aviation power operation capability improvement

In the current rapid development of the power grid and the complex internal and external environment, the traditional method of manual inspection of the line can not meet the development requirements of the power grid, and the aviation power operation has the advantages that traditional manual power operation does not have. Therefore, the grid company should combine the advantages and capabilities of the aviation power operation with the power line operation and maintenance business itself, improve the cooperative inspection capability of aviation power operations, the intelligent inspection capability of aviation power operations and the emergency of aviation power operations. Repair ability, etc.

Technical support of the power lines design - as a linear structure in difficult mountain conditions

The article highlights the process necessary at the present stage of organizing the scientific and technical support of projects for the construction of overhead power lines (OPL) in difficult mountain conditions. The development of mountain areas is associated with overcoming various technical, technological and organizational difficulties, sometimes reducing the expected economic, environmental and social benefits. In order to obtain the maximum effect from the activities carried out during the construction of power lines, the article substantiates the method of scientific and technical support - an expert opinion of a scientist on the safe operation of power lines, which will provide economic and social benefits to society.

IMPACT OF SIGNAL RADIATION LEAKAGE ON POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Power Line Communication (PLC) is the usage of electrical power supply networks as a transmission medium for the transfer of various telecommunication services. However, PLC associated with the major cause of harmful interference (radiation leakage) to other users in transmission of information affects the full development and success of PLC. There is the need to develop a proper standard and regulations that will eliminate this problem globally. This study therefore, studies the impact of signal radiation leakage on Power Line Communication systems using Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC) method and field measurement to measure spacing along the power line and for measuring distance between the system frequencies in the power line. The result shows that the spacing between the wires on the power lines has effect on the radiation leakage. As wire spacing increases and external cancellation degrades, radiation escapes similar to those of long wire antennas. The result also shows that the frequencies of power line operation lies between 444 kHz and 482 kHz. In general the PLC electric field along and near the power line decay with distance from the device but in at least one case, the electric field actually increased with increasing distance from the PLC device. Therefore, high levels of radiation suppression can be achieved only if the wires are very close together in terms of wavelength and balanced signals. Keywords : Power Line Communication(PLC) , Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC), Field Measurement, Electrical Power Network, Radiation Leakage, Frequency. DOI : 10.7176/MTM/9-8-02 Publication date : August 31st 2019

Conditions of The Electric Power Line Operation in the Afforestation Regions

The article views the impact of natural factors (snow, icing, trees falling on the wires, etc.) on the safety of overhead electric power line. The authors suggest technological clearance plan for electric power line. Power lines (transmission lines), as well as wired communication lines in some areas pass through forest plantations (this can be a forest, forest Park areas, forest belts along roads, etc.). Clearing of overhead lines is an integral part of the annual repair program and successful preparation of the electric grid economy for the next autumn-winter period. All work is carried out either with the use of small-scale mechanization, or with the help of mulcher complexes.

Evaluation Study of Potential Use of Advanced Conductors in Transmission Line Projects

Transmission networks recently faced new technical and economic challenges. The direct use of advanced technologies and modern methods could solve these issues. This paper discusses the potential application of straightforward technology such as high-temperature low-sag conductors (HTLScs) as an additional measure for the protection and effective operation of overhead power lines. An evaluation was conducted to determine an approach for selecting the cross-sectional area and type of conductor with respect to a fault current limitation. It showed the potential benefits of using HTLScs based on an assessment of the throughput capacity and up-front capital costs. A case study considered two scenarios: the construction of a new power line and reconductoring of the existing one. The data for a real project with two overhead power lines were used. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed in detail in this paper.

Design of Intelligent Inspection System for Distribution Network Based on Circular Multi-Agent Structure

With the rapid development of power system, distribution network inspection is becoming more and more important. The inspection work of the distribution network can effectively monitor and master the operation of power lines and power equipment, find equipment defects and hidden dangers, and propose specific maintenance plans to ensure power supply reliability. In the past, the distribution network inspection was generally carried out by manual means, which was inefficient and heavy in operation. In order to improve the efficiency of inspection, this paper proposes an intelligent distribution network inspection system based on the circular multi-agent structure. Firstly, the structure of the circular multiagent is analysed, and then the macro structure of the intelligent inspection system for distribution network is designed. Finally, its micro architecture with different modules is designed. The proposed intelligent inspection system can effectively improve the inspection efficiency and enhance the intelligence level of the power system.

Providing safety at the presence of arc flash hazard risk in the high voltage equipment

The hazards of electric arcs in Bulgarian norms, as the Regulations on Health and Safety at work in electrical installations of electrical and thermal power stations and electric power lines and Ordinance №9 on the technical operation of power stations and electric power lines mainly govern the safety at work with high-voltage equipment, are not subject to a special section. NFPA 70E Standards for electrical safety in the Workplace requires to assess whether there are arc-dangers; to calculate the energy released by the arc; to define the permissible arc protection boundaries; to provide adequate personal protective equipment and to label the equipment. The aim of the paper is to summarize the Bulgarian requirements connected somehow with the flash hazard, to compares similarities can be found in approaches to ensuring electrical safety with those of international standards.

Design of ANFIS for Hydrophobicity Classification of Polymeric Insulators with Two-Stage Feature Reduction Technique and Its Field Deployment

Hydrophobicity of polymeric insulator plays a vital role in determining the insulation quality in outdoor overhead electrical transmission and distribution lines. Loss of hydrophobicity increases the leakage current and leads to flashover. Monitoring hydrophobicity becomes a fundamental requirement to ensure continuity of power line operations. Hydrophobicity of polymeric insulator is classified according to STRI (Swedish Transmission Research Institute) guidelines. This paper proposes an intelligent ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) based classifier to determine the hydrophobicity quality using the digital image of the insulator. Ten statistical features are extracted from the digital images. Two stages of feature reduction are employed to reduce the number of features. Pre-design stage uses PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and reduces the number of features to six from ten and the post-design stage analyzes the accumulation effect to reduce the number of features to four. Various ANFIS classifiers are trained using these reduced features extracted from the image. The performance of these ANFIS classifiers is evaluated in both field and laboratory specimens. Results indicate classification accuracy of 96.4% and 93.3% during the training and testing phase when triangular membership function with linear output function is employed in ANFIS. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) has also been designed to facilitate the use of the proposed system by field operators.

Optimal Planning of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Coupled CCHP

With the widespread attention on clean energy use and energy efficiency, the integrated energy system (IES) has received considerable research and development. This paper proposed an electricity-gas IES optimization planning model based on a coupled combined cooling heating and power system (CCHP). The planning and operation of power lines and gas pipelines are considered. Regarding CCHP as the coupled hub of an electricity-gas system, the proposed model minimizes total cost in IES, with multistage planning and multi-scene analyzing. Renewable energy generation is also considered, including wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. The numerical results reveal the replacing and adding schemes of power lines and gas pipelines, the optimal location and capacity of CCHP. In comparison with conventional separation production (SP), the optimization model which regards CCHP as the coupled hub attains better economy. At the same time, the influence of electricity price and natural gas price on the quantities of purchasing electricity and purchasing gas in the CCHP system is analyzed. According to the simulation result, a benchmark gas price is proposed, which shows whether the CCHP system chooses power generation. The model results and discussion demonstrate the validity of the model.

Forecasting of stresses in overhead power lines running through area affected by the mining damage

The article presents the methodology of determining the impact of subsidence resulting from underground mining activity on the operation of overhead power lines. Exemplary results of calculations of stress in conductors has been presented. Also the method of defining the influence of factors that can mitigate the effects of land deformation, such as inclination of insulator chains and elastic deformation of overhead line towers and their crossarms, has been discussed.

Системный подход к оценке состояния линий электропередачи с применением программного комплекса в целях предотвращения техногенных опасностей

It has been shown as a combination of theoretical positions for technogenic safety’s systemology and modern information technologies’ capabilities can help prevent dangerous technogenic impacts. Have been revealed systemological method’s main terms and concepts needed to investigate the problem of technogenic safety. Have been presented descriptions of an overhead power line as a collection of complex technogenic system and technogenic impacts created by this system’s components. Has been given the general characteristics of the «Diagnostics +» software complex for the electrical equipment’s status assessment based on processing of current information’s large volumes. Have been provided examples for representation of overhead power lines in the program complex, and types of their tests in accordance with the directive documents. It has been stated that equipment status prediction aids prevent an occurrence of dangerous technogenic impacts that may accompany the operation of overhead power lines.

Formula omitted] footprint reduction and efficiency increase using the dynamic rate in overhead power lines connected to wind farms

Since the first wind farms began operating in the early 1980s, several important factors have changed in the overall picture of energy politics worldwide.The total renewable wind energy capacity of Spain currently accounts for more than 20% of the total installed capacity, which makes integration into the grid challenging for wind farm owners as well as electricity transportation and distribution companies. The smart-grid concept, which focuses on real-time monitoring and dynamic rating operation of power lines, is an important component in the solution to these new challenges.This paper explains how a more efficient operation of energy-generating activities via dynamic rating of the electric grid due to a better knowledge of the main parameters contributes to more clean, renewable energy and decreases the CO2 footprint.The dynamic rating operation of a Spanish overhead power line is analysed, and different scenarios are studied. The dynamic rate achieved in 2015 has saved more than 1100 tonnes of CO2 and has generated over 240,000 € of extra income. This dynamic rating operation also increased the actual annual energy generated from 231.5 GW h to 834.7 GW h with only a 2% greater loss along the line due to Joule and magnetic effects.

Automatic fusion of visible and infrared images taken from different perspectives for diagnostics of power lines

Power transmission lines are ones of technical structures that are needed to be diagnosed regularly. Inspections very often are performed with use of various types of cameras, primarily vision and infrared (IR) ones. The author of this paper proposes an approach to automated fusion of visible and IR images that were taken from different perspectives. Such an operation enables automated merging and matching of such a pair of images as well as returning needed information about a potential failure presence and its location in a single image. The algorithm is based on Speeded Up Robust Features detection and is scale- and rotate-invariant. The method has brought satisfying results since the vast majority of considered cases of pairs of images were merged properly and a failure, visible as a hot spot, was additionally highlighted and spatially localised in resulting images, which hence facilitates interpretation of results of inspection with respect to analysis of the separate images. This approach enables automation of detection, localisation and visualisation of a failure or abnormality in operation of power lines. It can be applied for the purposes of diagnostics of power transmission lines as well as other industrial applications, e.g. inspections of buildings, bridges, pipelines, etc.

Virtual reality training system for maintenance and operation of high-voltage overhead power lines

The maintenance of high-voltage overhead power lines involves high-risk procedures; the accidents involving live lines maintenance can be lethal. This paper presents the architecture and main featu...

Evaluation of Three Designs for a 35-kV Class Superconducting Reactor

With the expansion of the grid, continuous reactive power compensation is vital for efficient operation of long transmission power lines or cables. Yunnan Electric Power Grid Company is planning to develop superconducting controllable reactors for 500-kV long-distance ac transmission lines. As the second stage of the development plan, a 35-kV class superconducting reactor will be designed and verified by experiments. In this paper, three design proposals, including the racetrack-core type, the three-limb-core type, and the D-core type, for the 35-kV class superconducting reactor are given. Then, their technical and economic feasibility is evaluated. This paper shows that the racetrack-core saturable reactor is a good choice from a technical and economic point of view.