Operation Of Passenger Transport Research Articles

Determinants of irregular demand for regional rail passenger services – case study of High Tatras in Slovakia

AbstractThe demand for public transport by tourists increases significantly in tourist-attractive destinations. This is in addition to regular passengers commuting to school and work. The level of irregular demand is influenced by several factors related to the characteristics of the day of the week, the period of the year, and the current weather. The main goal of the paper is to verify which factors most influence the irregular demand for transport in a tourist-attractive area to ensure operational planning of public passenger transport. Thanks to this, it is possible to ensure sufficient capacity and, at the same time, the efficiency of the operation of public passenger transport. The paper analyzes the main determinants of the irregular demand for regional public rail passenger transport in the High Tatras region of Slovakia. Multiple linear regressions were used to model the number of irregular passengers. The variables representing the day of the week, the attractiveness of the period, and the holiday were found to be the most significant. The variables describing the weather such as maximum daily temperature, precipitation, clouds, and wind had less influence. The obtained mathematical models for forecasting the irregular demand for public passenger transport can help optimize the timetable’s operational setting and the train sets’ size.

Probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens in long-distance passenger transport

This paper presents a description of the methodology developed for estimation of pathogen transmission in transport and the results of the case study application for long-distance passenger transport. The primary objective is to report the method developed and the application for case studies in various passenger transport services. The most important findings and achievements of the presented study are the original universal methodology to estimate the probability of pathogen transmission with full mathematical disclosure and an open process formula, to make it possible to take other specific mechanisms of virus transmission when providing transport services. The results presented conducted an analysis on the mechanisms of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens during the transport process, to examine the chain of events as a result of which passengers may be infected. The author proposed a new method to estimate the probability of transmission of viral pathogens using the probability theory of the sum of elementary events. This is a new approach in this area, the advantage of which is a fully explicit mathematical formula that allows the method to be applied to various cases. The findings of this study can facilitate the management of epidemic risk in passenger transport operators and government administration. It should be clearly emphasised that the developed method and estimated values are the probabilities of pathogen transmission. Estimating the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is not the same as the probability of viral infection, and more so the probability of contracting COVID-19. Viral infection strongly depends on viral mechanisms, exposure doses, and contact frequency. The probability of contracting COVID-19 and its complications depends on the individual characteristics of the immune system, even with confirmed viral infection. However, it is undoubtedly that the probability of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogen is the most reliable measure of infection risk, which can be estimated according to the objective determinants of pathogen transmission.

Problems and Logistics of Atmospheric Air in the City of Almaty

The logistics of a modern city attracts the attention of both scientists and authorities. In this regard, many articles are devoted to the study of transport policy and its impact on urban logistics. The observation data from the newsletter of RSE «Kazhydromet» on the composition of harmful substances in the atmosphere of the city were analyzed from the pollution of the air basin of the city of Almaty. Observations were carried out four times a day (1, 7, 13 and 19 hours local time). The list of controlled substances consists of six components: dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide phenol and formaldehyde. The following table shows the limited values for impurities observed in Almaty. Meteorological parameters determining the distribution of suspended substances in the atmosphere were also observed, and the atmospheric pollution index was calculated. Logistics of the city and the factors influencing its change: the development of new technologies, economic factors, real environmental, social factors, external risks. The article lists the problems and changes in the logistics structure of the city that will occur in the near future. In the issue of regulating the logistics ecosystem of the city, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all stakeholders: manufacturers, carriers, logistics operators, consumers, passenger transport operators, municipal and regional authorities, etc. the latter should be ready for future changes and actively act, and not try to understand what happened after the facts.

How a Game Theoretic Approach Can Minimize the Cost of Train Passenger Services: An Intermodal Competition between Rail and Road Transport

Game theory models provide very powerful tools for evaluating strategies that are beneficial to both rail and road operators competing for passengers on parallel routes. This study examines how game theory can help rail operators who are incurring losses on passenger transport to identify strategies that can minimise costs, using the methodology of dual linear programming to analyse strategies. In identifying the best strategies for minimising costs for the railway operator, the best strategies for maximising profits for the road operators are also identified. The game model is set up between two passenger transport operators (rail and road) and is based on the income earned by the road operators from passengers. This study illustrates the following: how the strategies of the two competitors (rail and road) are determined; the formation of the payoff matrix and the presentation of the mathematical problem for the two competitors; and the results and verification of the best strategies for both competitors. The Leonid Hurwicz criterion was used to verify the optimal strategies.

Technological Aspects of Tendering in Rail Passenger Transport in Slovakia

The market for rail services in EU countries has long been inaccessible to the private sector. Transport services were provided by national operators, which led to the prevention of participation in fair and non-discriminatory competition in the provision of rail transport services. It is necessary to analyse the overall development in the operation of rail passenger transport, including the entry of private operators into the rail infrastructure. Based on the knowledge of the current situation, it is necessary to take measures to achieve compliance with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007. The paper characterizes the current state and the process of organizing public tenders in the Slovak Republic based on a case study and their process and proposes the gradual steps of the public tender in the form of a schedule. An important point of the whole process of the organization of the public tender is the correct setting of competencies, determination of the subject of the public tender and to propose a uniform methodology of the public tender, which may, however, vary in individual states due to the conditions of national legislation. Part of the unified methodology is the determination of the phases of the public tender process, which are part of the schedule of the public tender. The schedule of the public tender shows the entire cycle, resp. the duration of each phase of the tender for each proposed group of measures taken.

Analysis for models of interaction between road passenger transport operators

Introduction. The authors consider the current models for the organization of urban passenger road transport, the structure of each of the models and their characteristics. The reason for writing the work was the poor study of the factors that determine the break-even transportation of passengers and, as a result, the construction on this basis of a system of interaction between transport authorities and transport operators. Thus, the purpose of the study is to create models of interaction between subjects and objects of passenger road transport. The working hypothesis of the study is to overcome the existing fragmentation of models through the development of additional blocks, the content of which is a scientifically based choice of models for the interaction of participants in the transport process in the system of passenger road transportation.Methods and materials. Three existing models for organising the work of passenger road transport are analysed. Their influence on the economic efficiency and safety of the transport process is considered. The prerequisites for the creation of algorithms for the transition from one model to another and for evaluating their effectiveness are determined.Results. According to the authors, this study will be useful for both the organizers of passenger road transport and carriers. From a practical point of view, this study will be useful to improve the efficiency and break-even of passenger road transport, as well as to maximize the ‘transparency’ of financial interaction between participants in this market.Conclusions. Further direction of research on this topic will be carried out in the direction of developing a methodology for switching models between themselves, i.e. when and how it is expedient to apply one or another model of passenger road transportation.

СЕКТОРАЛЬНЫЙ МЕТОД ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАРШРУТНОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

. The key to success in ensuring sustainable mobility of the population is the reliable operation of route passenger transport (RPT). One of the indicators of the effectiveness of the RPT is the amount of passenger transportation costs. The greatest contribution to these costs is made drivers' wages, which generates interest in improving the efficiency of using their working hours. To reduce the level of unproductive costs on the basis of the proposed model, a spectral method has been developed, presented in the article.

Comparison of Transport Services Plan on the Line Košice – Prešov – Plaveč – (Muszyna)

Abstract The operation of railway passenger transport is characterized by high economic costs and also high requirements for personnel and vehicle means. Existing rail transport operators aim to provide transport services as modern, efficient and cost-effective as possible, while meeting all safety and quality standards. In the case of public service obligations, they must also respect the requirements of the contracts. Currently, a significant transformation of the railway passenger transport operation throughout Slovakia is being prepared in order to increase its efficiency, sustainability and quality. This primarily concerns public service obligations. The line Košice - Prešov - Lipany - Plaveč - (Muszyna) (line No 188) will also be affected. Transport services on this line will be significantly modified and intensified, inter alia, because of the introduction of an integrated transport system in the relevant region. The Route 188 service plans were prepared in two different Transport Service Plans (TSPs). The first one was prepared by the Prešov and Košice Regions. In parallel with the first TSP, a second TSP was prepared by the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic (MT&C SR) for the entire Slovak railway network, which also includes line No 188. There are several differences in the proposlas included in TSPs for the line in question. The main objective of this paper is to compare the traffic service proposals in the individual TSPs developed for Line No. 188 based on a comparison with the status quo and a comparison of selected operational indicators, as well as to determine the basic advantages and disadvantages.

Measures to Improve the Operation of Passenger Transport and Urban Mobility

The article discusses the types of urban electric transport used in Belarusian cities, gives a detailed classification and comparison of available vehicles. Various options for increasing the share of environmentally friendly transport through the use of electric buses and trolleybuses are considered, an assessment and a comparative analysis of the options are given. Features of the drivers' work planning and drawing up of the schedule taking into account safety requirements are considered. A methodology for assessing the efficiency of urban passenger transport has been developed, taking into account the development of electric vehicles.

МЕТОДИКИ И МОДЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ЭКОСИСТЕМУ СИМБИОТИЧЕСКОГО ГОРОДА

The article discusses methods for environmental assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of transport measures for sustainable mobility (on the example of Polotsk and Novopolotsk – symbiotic cities of the Republic of Belarus), including the reduction of CO2 emissions from transport activities, improving the operation of urban passenger transport, reducing the number and the severity of the consequences of traffic accidents. Guidelines and research methodology have been developed to monitor the effectiveness of the implemented measures for sustainable mobility in the city of Polotsk and Novopolotsk, including the reduction of CO2 emissions, studies of the mobility of the population of these cities have been carried out. An assessment of the environmental impact of road transport on the urban ecosystem and forecasting of this impact for the future (depending on the proposed scenarios) was carried out.

Methodological approach to substantiating the economic sustainability of combined passenger transport operators

The article presents the author's approach to determining the actual scientific and practical task of developing a methodology for justifying the economic stability of a passenger transportation operator operating in a combined system based on interaction with adjacent modes of transport when organizing an effective route. The introduction presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of passenger transport activity on inland waterways. There is a trend of increasing demand for combined passenger transportation routes in regional and interregional communications. Scientific research on the issue under consideration and existing methods for determining the level of economic sustainability of transport companies are analyzed. Based on the author's analysis, an approach has been developed to substantiate the economic sustainability of combined passenger transport operators in the form of a tree of properties of the evaluation model and key indicators and coefficients, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of the river transport

APPLICATION OF ANTI-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MEASURES AND COVIDAUTOMAT IN PUBLIC WATER TRANSPORT

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the reduction of services, including transport services. Companies operating in public water passenger transport were not prepared for the implementation of restrictions because, in some countries, the general procedures for the safe operation of regular public water passenger transport were not known. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss the implementation of the current system of safe operation of regular public water transport services in the Netherlands and Spain to a generally applicable model for transport companies. This article links these measures with the general plan for the release and tightening of measures of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic known as COVIDAUTOMAT.

Comparison of Czech and Slovak Railway Infrastructure in the Context of Basic Operational Indicators

Abstract The level of development of railway transport is one of the indicators of the economic development of the state. If the state regularly invests in large volumes in railway infrastructure, it creates conditions for the operation of quality passenger and freight rail transport. Analytical comparison of railway infrastructures is key to understanding the increasingly abysmal differences between the quality of railway infrastructure in the two countries. The comparison will be made mainly from the Network Statement of both countries.

Innovations in passenger transport aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and the problems associated with their implementation

The problem of environmental pollution from passenger transport is one of the endless problems of our time. The present study identifies 5 groups of passenger transport polluting the environment: road, rail, air, sea and river transport. This study has identified the current amount of pollution caused by the operation of passenger transport. The issue of financing, which ensures the renovation of passenger transport systems to make them more environmentally friendly, was identified as a problematic aspect. As a consequence, a comparative analysis of prospective solutions to improve passenger transport has been carried out. Thus, the methods used revealed that switching to biofuel and introducing electric energy into passenger transport mechanisms would minimise emissions into the environment, which is the aim of this study - to identify the most promising innovations in public passenger transport designed to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА С ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ КАЧЕСТВА ПЕРЕВОЗОК НА РЕГУЛЯРНЫХ МАРШРУТАХ МЕЖМУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК

The article establishes the relationship of factors affecting the efficiency of technical operation of the car, which in turn affects the quality indicators of intermunicipal passenger transportation. Quality indicators are formed in such a way that they can be used to judge the activities of carriers in the field of improving the quality of the transportation process, and thus separate quality indicators that depend and do not depend on their activities. The analysis made it possible to establish modern features of the functioning of passenger transportation on intermunicipal routes and to outline ways to improve the quality of transportation and the efficiency of operation of pas-senger motor transport, of which, first of all.

IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR MONITORING PASSENGER TRAFFIC ON PUBLIC LAND TRANSPORT

Data on passenger trips per shift on public land transport is important information for planning and analyzing its work in general, evaluating the effectiveness of the existing route network, as well as the need to update it. The previously existing periodic field observations currently do not meet the modern requirements of passenger transportation management due to the low reliability of the results, the duration of their receipt and the high cost. In recent years, digital passenger identification systems have been used on public passenger transport, which make it possible to obtain data with high accuracy almost immediately after observations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the optimal method for determining passenger traffic on passenger transport using modern passenger identification systems. (Materials and methods) During the study there were used methods of data generalization from various services that control the operation of public passenger transport, analysis of the practical application of the passenger identification system by the operator of ground urban passenger transport in Moscow. (Results and discussion) The incompleteness of the data, the high error in the identification of passengers on public transport significantly complicates the assessment of its activities. The existing digital passenger identification systems discussed in this article allow us to evaluate the optimal way to identify passenger flows. The article presents a comparative characterization of existing models and methods of passenger traffic monitoring. (Conclusions) Based on the results, the article proposes the most suitable methods for determining passenger flows that meet the modern requirements of their assessment, contributing to solving the tasks of monitoring the entire transport system of the city in real time, and proposes method of calculating passenger traffic based on the information received.

Development of multimodal transportation in the cross-border communication between Ukraine and Europe.

Modern conditions for the development of the national economy are characterized by the intensification of Ukraine's foreign economic relations with European countries, strengthening mutual understanding between our countries in the business sphere. The European direction, the policy of which is aimed at expanding the capabilities of the Ukrainian transport system in foreign economic activity, needs special consideration. The issues of the current state of multimodal transport in Ukraine in cross-border communication between Ukraine and EU countries are considered. Attention is paid to infrastructure objects as participants in the implementation of multimodal connections. It is characterized by multimodal transportation as one of the ways to organize the delivery of passengers and goods «door to door» to the destination in a much shorter time on the road. They are one of the most promising ways to develop transportation, which allows you to deliver passengers and goods with optimal use of the opportunities involved in the scheme of transport. The essence and necessity of development of transport hubs on the territory of Ukraine as points of cargo handling and storage are revealed. Recommendations for improving the functioning of the multimodal scheme in cross-border communication are given, priorities in foreign economic cooperation are identified. The purpose of the article is to prove the feasibility of introducing mixed multimodal transportation in cross-border traffic between Ukraine and EU countries on the main formation of the transport and logistics hub (HUB) in the Transcarpathian region. Conclusions. The result of the study is to prove the need to optimize the operation of passenger and freight rail transport in the western region on the basis of the formation of transport and logistics hub at the station Mukachevo. Improved approaches to providing transport services using the latest digital technologies are proposed.

Strategy and Business Survival during Disruptive Times: A Survey of Passenger Transporters in Harare, Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Business leaders must be strategic about their operations to ensure success in different operating environments. The COVID-19, which emerged as a public health pandemic that affected businesses in different sectors differently. Passenger transport businesses were directly affected after the movement of people was banned for extended periods, during the lockdowns. The lockdowns represented a disruption in the operating environments. The study sought to assess the effect of strategic management on the survival of passenger transport operators during the COVID-19 induced lockdown disruptions in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data were collected using survey questionnaires distributed to representatives of 100 passenger transporters in Harare, from which questionnaires were returned. Results showed that 84 percent of the passenger transport operators have formal organizational structures of which about 73 confirmed the practice of strategic planning. Therefore, there is high adoption of strategic management by passenger transport operators in Harare. The most effective strategies for enhancing business survival in disruptions are diversification and competitive strategies. The logistic regression model results showed that the existence of a formal structure minimized the negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown disruptions on the survival of passenger transport operators in Harare.

Structure of Passenger Transport Service Utility for Population

Purpose. The research is aimed at the development of scientific and technological bases for determining the utility of passenger transport services for the population in the conditions of formation of phased quality management. Methodology. The structure of the utility of passenger transport services for the population is determined on the basis of developing a systematic representation of the characteristic impact of the perception of management decisions effectiveness for improving the quality of transport services on mobility. The account of complex system properties of city public passenger transport is realized by construction of interlevel interrelations and establishment of methodical regulations for coordinating the parameters of quality management of public transport service with the indicators of its utility perception. Findings. The presented logical sequence of population mobility formation is based on reproduction of the general conditions of increasing transport service utility due to step-by-step realization of control actions that makes it possible to establish conditions of their expediency and parameterization. A model of marginal utility has been developed to qualitatively assess the technological utility of urban public passenger transport. It is presented in the form of a category that reproduces the relationship between the result of changes in the quality of transport services, consumer utility of transport services and the level of resources used. Originality. The procedure for assessing the consumer utility of urban public passenger transport has been formalized, which, in contrast to the existing ones, is based on the established impact of technological parameters of routes on the formation of population mobility and ensures accounting of transport service quality indicators in determining the technological utility. Practical value. The application of the theory of utility in improving the operation of urban public passenger transport in general contributes to the development of the theory of passenger traffic management and can significantly increase the effectiveness of the choice of rational management measures to improve technological processes and the quality of transport services. The conditions for the formation of a positive impact of consumer utility of urban passenger transport on the mobility of the urban population are established. Based on the selected connection, it is possible to form a system of parameters for assessing the quality of public transport services.

The Successes and Challenges of Kenya’s Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Transport Operations: A Special Reference to the Users

This article examined the successes and challenges of Kenya’s standard gauge railway for users in transport operations. The constrained operations in Kenya’s existing colonial railway system have contributed to connectivity barriers and inefficiencies in the transport sector. Standard Gauge Railway’s construction aimed to address these gaps and facilitate cargo and passenger transport operations in Kenya and across borders. This study used a descriptive research design in the form of a survey and adopted a mixed research method of qualitative and quantitative data with primary data collected through questionnaires and interviews. The population of interest was the train users (passengers and cargo transporters). The findings suggested that the railway has generally enhanced transport operations for passengers and freight through reduced travelling time, improved transport safety and security, and improved mobility and accessibility. While the SGR has led to reduced travel costs for passengers, the cost of freight transport remains relatively high.The SGR has provided an alternative for freight and passenger transport, but there are challenges such as logistical and administrative challenges in cargo clearance, ticketing issues, and passengers' “First mile and Last mile” challenges. While the improvement of physical transport infrastructure and connectivity is significant, these challenges should be transformed into enablers to realize the railway’s full potential. This research, therefore, recommends for; effective transfer of the cargo clearance and forwarding paperwork from Mombasa to Nairobi; development of a transport link between the railway and the two major cities to solve the “first mile” and “last mile” transport challenges for passengers, and to audit the ticketing system to identify and sanction cartels involved in ticketing malpractices. The overall conclusion is that generally, the railway has added value in Kenya’s transport sector; passengers now have a cheaper, reliable and safer mode of transport while cargo is transported in a more reliable and safer way. The SGR is thus a transformative infrastructural project for Kenya; it symbolizes a country on a pressing need to transform herself into a middle-income economy supported by modern infrastructure.