Open Drainage System Research Articles

The use of geotextiles as drain envelopes in France in connection with mineral clogging risks

The use of geotextiles as drain envelope materials in France is considered in this paper, with a particular reference to the determination of the resistance to water penetration. Drain envelopes are usually suited to fine sandy soils, but there is a need for fabrics suitable for fine particles (silt). For this purpose, a permeameter flow test is performed to establish the best soil/envelope combinations. The main problem with thin non-woven geotextiles is resistance to water penetration, i.e. wetting problem of the fabrics, that could deeply disturb the drainage system operation. A relevant test is implemented to quickly check the wetting quality of drain envelopes.

Septic complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: Evaluation of a new closed drainage system

In a consecutive study of 49 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent preoperative percutaneous transhepatic drainage, the incidence of bacteria in bile at the time of insertion of the drainage catheter was 29 percent. Patients drained with a conventional open drainage system showed an increase to 100 percent positive cultures after 20 days drainage. In this group, there was also a high incidence of episodes of bacteremia preoperatively and postoperatively and a high incidence of positive wound cultures. An antiseptic barrier incorporated into the drainage system reduced the incidence of positive bile cultures during the drainage period although this did not afford a significant reduction in bacteremic episodes and positive wound cultures. Using a new closed drainage system, the acquisition of environmental organisms to the bile was eliminated which allowed a significant reduction in septic complications both preoperatively and postoperatively. This new closed drainage system increased the value of preoperative decompression of the obstructed biliary tree by preventing exogenous bacterial contamination and reducing associated septic episodes.

Antimicrobial irrigations in the prevention and treatment of catheter-related urinary tract infections

The use, development, efficacy, and adverse effects of antimicrobial irrigation solutions for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients are reviewed. Bacteriuria occurs rapidly in catheter systems where urine is collected in an open vessel. With newer drainage systems, where the urine is collected in a closed catheter tubing-receptacle system, the incidence of bacteriuria is reduced substantially. Prophylactic continuous irrigation with various solutions has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing the incidence of bacteriuria in open catheter drainage systems, especially for 10 days or less following catheter insertion. Prophylactic irrigation of closed catheter systems has not been demonstrated to prevent bacteriuria. Treatment of urinary tract in catheterized patients through use of an antifungal irrigation has been demonstrated to be effective in Candida cystitis. Prophylactic antimicrobial irrigations in closed catheter systems appears to be unnecessary and may promote infection with organisms resistant to the irrigating solution. Strict adherence to proper catheter care procedures is the most important factor in reducing catheter infection rates.

Prophylaxis of Indwelling Urethral Catheter Infection: Clinical Experience with A Modified Foley Catheter and Drainage System

AbstractWith the application of the oligodynamic bactericidal property of silver ions, modification of the urinary catheter and drainage system has been found effective in the prevention of urinary tract infections owing to prolonged bladder catheterization. The newly devised catheter and open drainage system were used in 102 patients for bladder catheterization postoperatively or in those with urinary retention for periods ranging from 4 to 77 days. During the period of indwelling catheterization usually no antibiotics were administered and no patient had overt bacteriuria (more than 10

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES OF PRECISION FARMING IN IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART FARMING PRIORITY OF RUSSIAN

Science and technology progress in the agribusiness is impossible without digital technology application in precision agriculture (PA), being a key segment of "smart agriculture". At the meantime, PA development requires perfect methodological and instrumental framework of the information support of innovative technologies. Earth remote-sensing (ERS) instruments and methods are the major resource of the information support of the modern agricultural systems. The new methods, algorithms and actual scientific directions of the remote sensing progress are presented and discussed on the Second All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation “The Use of Remote Sensing of the Earth in Agriculture” conducted at Agrophysical Research Institute on September 26-28th, 2018. Currently domestic software and mathematical tools for studying the impact of soil complexity and contrast on productivity of the various agricultural crops cultivated with digital technologies application of PA have been developed and tested. The analysis of the received results has shown, that the only variable rate nitrogen fertilizer application lead to yield enhancement on 29 %, and fertilizer saving on the average 26 %. The significant role of unmanned aerial vehicles highlighted in solving following problems: determination of closed drainage system location, the damage localization; the degree evaluation of an open drainage system clogging; the vulnerable to water erosion area delineation. Further development of ERS methods will be substantially related with the developing of the resources provided by the IKI-MONITORING common use center and the organization of the network of specialized test polygons for ground-based observations and the calibrated and verified information acquisition about total arable lands treatment, the area and crop canopy state, their predicted and actual productivity.