Operations In Ukraine Research Articles

Russia and Far Abroad: Specificity Migration Processes

The study analyzed modern specifics of non-CIS migration processes in Russia. In the Soviet and post-Soviet period of the country's development, five emigration waves have been identified. The study examined the factors explaining the dynamics of migration exchange between the Russian Federation and non-CIS countries. Of particular importance at the present stage are the geopolitical, ethnic, socio-economic, moral and psychological factors of external migration. We analyzed the migration dynamics between the Russian Federation and non-CIS countries using specific statistical. The main recipient states of Russian emigrants include Germany, Israel, and the USA. We considered the essence, causes and consequences of the "brain drain" for the economy of the Russian Federation and the selective selection of immigrants from the former Soviet republics of the USSR in the USA, as well as in the states of the European Union. We have identified and examined the fifth migration wave associated with the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine and the unprecedented sanctions policy imposed by the West. The study found a significant reduction in irrevocable emigration from Russia and immediate prospects for establishing a positive migration balance with all countries with a developed market economy.

CZECH PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: FIRST RESULTS

The article discusses the features of the Czech presidency of the EU Council, which took place in the second half of 2022. The author draws attention that program documents was due to both external factors (special military operation in Ukraine) and internal (coming to the power of the liberal-democratic government of P. Fiala). The new Cabinet, following the rhetoric of a return to the Havel course, focused on promoting a value policy. This approach has led the Czechs to prioritize helping Ukraine and combating energy dependence on Russian natural resources. In turn, the extremely urgent goals of post-pandemic recovery were not properly articulated. The author analyzes the results of the previous Czech presidency and concludes that the topics raised 13 years ago have penetrated the European agenda by 2022, becoming current trends in the development of the EU. The continuity of the two presidencies is also indicated. The paper notes that the current chairmanship can hardly be considered as a tool for promoting the long-term national interests of the Czech Republic due to the possible deterioration of the country’s socio-economic situation.

THE MODERN ARCTIC: GLOBAL BIPOLARITY OR BIPOLAR DISORDER?

After February 2022, the situation in the Arctic begins to acquire some features of a hybrid war, which speak of new negative trends taking place in the region. Many large European and Asian companies from unfriendly countries have left or declared their intention to leave economic projects in the Russian Arctic. Interaction with the foreign scientific community in the field of Arctic research has almost ceased. The well-established algorithm of the Arctic Council’s activities was violated (in March, the participation of Western countries in the events of the chairmanship of the Russian Federation in the Arctic Council (2021–2023) was terminated; in June, the activities of the Council were resumed, but without the participation of Russia; the European Union is trying to increase its influence on Denmark, Sweden and Finland, which are founding members of the Arctic Council). In the summer, a conflict arose and was partially resolved in the Arctic related to the blocking by Norway of Russian cargo sent for Russians and employees of the Arktikugol trust in the village of Barentsburg on Spitsbergen under the pretext of implementing EU sanctions. Under these conditions, Russia is working out additional specific steps to ensure state interests in the Arctic in the socio-economic and defense spheres. According to the authors, a sharp increase in tension is possible in the Arctic after the successful completion of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine.

Фінансова безпека ринку цінних паперів в умовах війни

Abstract. Introduction. The article examines the functioning of the stock exchange during martial law in the country. Measures taken by the state to secure the national securities market are analyzed. Paid attention to the issue of the origin, issuance, and redemption of a "new" type of domestic state loan bonds for Ukraine, the so-called "military bonds". Has been studied the issue of stopping the circulation of financial instruments and carrying out transactions as a justified mechanism only for a short and planned period, in particular, to minimize the influence of residents of the aggressor state, which in modern conditions of digitalization does not require significant technical efforts, but only the political will of the regulator. Purpose. The issues of the functioning of economies and the securities market have already become the subject of research by many researchers. In addition, economists are focused on the global impact of the war on the world economy, the leading financial markets, and the cost of energy carriers - on the threats of the world food crisis. However, due to the locality and relatively small volume of the Ukrainian securities market, the issue of influence on it during military operations in Ukraine did not find interest among scientists. Results. Were considered the level of sufficiency of the grounds for stopping the circulation of state securities in war conditions and the mechanisms for reducing risks by the state were analyzed, as well as the interests of the owners of state securities in preventing the price of domestic debt securities from falling in connection with the war. Was briefly investigated the question of the impact of Russia's war against Ukraine on the world securities markets, as well as a historical overview of the impact of previous wars on the securities markets, was made. The consequences of the current restrictions on the circulation of financial instruments and current activities of institutional investors in capital markets and certain sectors of the economy are highlighted. Conclusions. It was found that the permission to circulate only a small part of state securities, so-called "military bonds" is insufficient for investment activities, diversification of risks of financial portfolios, and satisfaction of the demand of individuals and legal entities, which under such a framework can resort to investments in assets that are beyond regulatory limits or not regulated by law.

European energy transition: what are the perspectives?

The article analyzes the prerequisites and prospects of the energy transition in the EU. The author identifi es two key factors that dictate the need to transform the European energy system –requirement to reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and desire to tackle the climate crisis. Special attention is paid to the REPowerEU plan, which is a comprehensive response to the hardships and global energy market disruption caused by Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine. The main idea of the plan is that Europe potentially gets more opportunities to abandon Russian fuel faster by acting as a Union. It is found that the measures in the Plan can help to respond to this ambition, through energy savings, diversifi cation of energy supplies, and accelerated rollout of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels in homes, industry and power generation. The green transformation may not only strengthen economic growth and security in Europe and its partner countries, but also make a significant contribution to the fi ght against climate change. The ways of implementing the energy transition and scenarios for the development of European energy are considered in detail. It is concluded that regardless of the development scenario, the main need of the EU will be covered by renewable energy sources in a long-term perspective. Because they include biomass, biomethane, biofuels, wind, solar and geothermal energy, the demand will de facto be covered by diff erent sources. In practice, this means redefi ning the structure of the European energy market towards diversifi cation. Since there used to be a dominant energy carrier, it is a unique phenomenon in the history of the European energy industry.

АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ САНКЦИЙ ПРОТИВ РОССИИ НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНУЮ ТОРГОВЛЮ

The special operation in Ukraine and the subsequent sanctions imposed by Western countries against the Russian Federation create a risk for conducting foreign economic trade in commodities. The current situation is reflected in a significant increase in food prices and may lead to even higher inflation and weak global growth. In addition, the sanctions imposed have forced many countries to abandon trade with Russia, which can lead to disruption of key supply chains. The scale of the economic consequences cannot be estimated, and they will depend directly on how the future situation in Ukraine will develop and how it will affect foreign trade. In this article, we will look at the consequences of the impact of sanctions on export activities in the Southern Federal District and ways to overcome them.

Challenges of Dispute Settlement through International Court of Justice (ICJ): the Case of Ukraine v. Russian Federation, the Decision on Provisional Measures on Alleged Violation of Genocide Convention

This article aims to discuss the challenges faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the international dispute resolution processes by analyzing the case of Ukraine v. Russia emphasizing the decision of the court on the claims of provisional measures to stop the Russian military operation in Ukraine. To pinpoint the challenges faced by ICJ, the article uses a qualitative approach using both primary and secondary sources, however, the article stresses the latest pending case that Ukraine claims application for proceeding and provisional measures. It is obvious ICJ is the judicial organ of the UN however, the finding of this research shows that ICJ has been facing challenges and the problem is visible in Ukraine v. Russia pending case. Regardless of the marvelous effort state parties are quitting the jurisdiction of ICJ by rejecting the principle of international law of treaties. Such a move by the states like Russia damaged trust in the role of ICJ. Besides, the lacuna in the institutional independence in the process of election of judges has involved veto power of the Security Council which is a political organ. Even more, the election of ad hoc judges is based on motive of the national representation. To this effect, the verdict on claim of Ukraine’s provisional measure is decided by a split vote and the judges’ individual independence in decision-making power has been influenced by national interest, the political orientation of judges, ideology, and, diplomatic relations of states. However, the decision has failed to be enforced. The enforcement organ Security Council’s structural posture caused failure to execute decisions. Favoritism and intervention by unilateral sanction are also other problems. Therefore, the writer has concluded the court should deserve a radical change to preserve the intended object. The ICJ needs to empower independence from any organ of UN that would enhance its effectiveness. It is necessary to have a reform action plan to revise the election process of judges and presidents and the overall structural and functional capabilities of the court.

KEPENTINGAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL RUSIA DALAM SERANGAN MILITER TERHADAP UKRAINA TAHUN 2022

ABSTRACT This study wants to find out how the background that influences Russia to carry out a military attack on Ukraine in 2022 and study Russia's national security interests against Ukraine. Russia is making changes to its military policy in Ukraine by increasing the number of military equipment and soldiers and carrying out military attacks in 2022. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence or become the background of Russia in carrying out military attacks and their relationship to its national interests. The theoretical framework used in this research is the concept of national interest described by H.J Morgenthau, and foreign policy from Morgenthau. The concept of national interest and foreign policy is used to explain the factors that influence Russia in carrying out its 2022 military attack policy in Ukraine and its relationship with its national interest in selfdefense. In its policy, Russia is increasingly intensive in sending military personnel and equipment to support military operations in Ukraine. Russia, then also changed its strategy in the operation where in its operation Russia was more offensive and Russiaalso divided the area of operation between the North and the South. From the results of the author's analysis using the theoretical framework, it can be concluded that Russia's military policy related to the political crisis in Ukraine is caused by internal factors, the existence of national interests that must be protected and external factors in the form of the source system behind it. These national interests are related to defense, economy, politics and the military. While the external factor is the existence of a source system where there is a pattern ofinteraction or alliances that exist in the Eastern European region and the security of the country is threatened. The author finds that Russia is trying very hard in carrying out its military policy in order to protect its nation. Keywords: Russia, Ukraine, National Interest

Challenges of Dispute Settlement through International Court of Justice (ICJ): the Case of Ukraine v. Russian Federation, the Decision on Provisional Measures on Alleged Violation of Genocide Convention

This article aims to discuss the challenges faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the international dispute resolution processes by analyzing the case of Ukraine v. Russia emphasizing the decision of the court on the claims of provisional measures to stop the Russian military operation in Ukraine. To pinpoint the challenges faced by ICJ, the article uses a qualitative approach using both primary and secondary sources, however, the article stresses the latest pending case that Ukraine claims application for proceeding and provisional measures. It is obvious ICJ is the judicial organ of the UN however, the finding of this research shows that ICJ has been facing challenges and the problem is visible in Ukraine v. Russia pending case. Regardless of the marvelous effort state parties are quitting the jurisdiction of ICJ by rejecting the principle of international law of treaties. Such a move by the states like Russia damaged trust in the role of ICJ. Besides, the lacuna in the institutional independence in the process of election of judges has involved veto power of the Security Council which is a political organ. Even more, the election of ad hoc judges is based on motive of the national representation. To this effect, the verdict on claim of Ukraine’s provisional measure is decided by a split vote and the judges’ individual independence in decision-making power has been influenced by national interest, the political orientation of judges, ideology, and, diplomatic relations of states. However, the decision has failed to be enforced. The enforcement organ Security Council’s structural posture caused failure to execute decisions. Favoritism and intervention by unilateral sanction are also other problems. Therefore, the writer has concluded the court should deserve a radical change to preserve the intended object. The ICJ needs to empower independence from any organ of UN that would enhance its effectiveness. It is necessary to have a reform action plan to revise the election process of judges and presidents and the overall structural and functional capabilities of the court.

Opportunities for cooperation and the use of China's experience in automotive industry in current Russian conditions

The current economic situation in Russia is characterized by significant instability due to the large sanctions burden provided by the countries of Europe and the United States because of the special military operation in Ukraine. In the emerging conditions, which caused an increase in inflation, currency volatility, the closure of a large number of companies in various market segments, and, consequently, unemployment, almost all economic activity has become very difficult. Thus, domestic automobile production was also affected. One of the latest measures aimed at destabilizing the Russian automotive industry within the framework of the next package of sanctions in March 2022 was a partial ban on the supply of high-tech products to the country and support for the IT-infrastructure of enterprises. Because of the withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, production facilities such as: Volvo Cars, Jaguar, Land Rover, General Motors, Mitsubishi and others has stopped. The number of Russian car dealers by May has decreased significantly compared to the beginning of the year. Thus, about 70 dealer contracts were terminated. One of the largest car plants in Russia Avtovaz has already stopped its operation several times, and soon the French car concern Renault is going to transfer its share to the Central Automobile Research Institute FGUP NAMI with a buy-out option in 56 years and the production of most models of Renault will be stopped. The situation is also complicated by the already existing crisis in the industry due to the global shortage of semiconductors and other automotive components and newly emerged problems with logistics. There is an obvious need to conclude new deals, find new markets for purchasing raw materials and materials, intensify cooperation with friendly countries and use their experience, which can be done on the basis of uniting Russian clusters and foreign technological platforms, namely the TP of China is being considered.

Network solidarity as a response to collective trauma (on the example of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine)

Network solidarity as a response to collective trauma (on the example of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine)

Personnel policy of the Russian Navy and issues of social security

The relevance of the problem of this article lies in determining the current content of the issues of the personnel policy of the Russian Navy and its most important components such as social security, social security of military personnel and their families. The profession of a military sailor today is associated with many restrictions, the need to be constantly ready to take up combat duty, especially in the situation of the Russian Federation conducting a special operation in Ukraine. The requirements for professional training and personal qualities of the military personnel of the Navy are increasing in the most serious way. The solution of the goals and objectives of naval activity today is impossible without a quality personnel policy, the provision of social guarantees and social protection. The article defines the goals and objectives of the study. Official documents of the level of presidential decrees, scientific articles of a theoretical and methodological nature, and specialists — practitioners of the Russian Navy were used as an empirical and information base for the study. It is shown that the modern state policy in the field of maritime activities for the period up to 2030 is determined by a number of state documents of a legal, doctrinal, strategic and planning nature. At the highest political level — the presidential Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2017 N 327, the content of the social security sphere of the Navy is determined and a number of social guarantees are fixed for military personnel and their families, civilian personnel of the Navy and federal security service agencies. The author made conclusions and recommendations.

De-dollarization of the russian economy in the XXI century

Dollarization is a process of replacing a local currency with a foreign currency as a form of savings, means of payments and measure of value. According to these functions of money dollarization can be broken into three types: fi nancial dollarization, dollarization of payment and real dollarization. The subject matter of this article is the fi rst two types, since there no systematic data or information about real dollarization. We used the loss by the dollar of the position of prevailing form of savings and means of payments in Russia as a criterion of successful dedollarization. To assess the level and speed of dedollarization annual averages and linear trends were calculated in 25 directions of dedollarization. In 24 directions dedollarization proceeded with a trend ranging from –4,2 to –0,8 % per annum. The speed was higher in those directions where the government and the Bank of Russia aimed at reducing the share of the dollar assets and liabilities. In 11 directions the dollar’s share was below 50 %. In 12 directions the dollar remained an absolute leader. Here the role of the dollar was defi ned not so much by the authorities as by households, banks, and non-fi nancial fi rms on the basis of their perceptions of which currency is the best form of savings,balance sheets and payments. At the time of completion of the article, the statistics available to the author did not take into account the impact of the special military operation in Ukraine.

Reactions in Global Online Media to Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine: A Statistical Analysis of Media Trends

Reactions in Global Online Media to Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine: A Statistical Analysis of Media Trends

THE NEW GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY AND GERMAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS. UKRAINIAN FACTOR. PART 3

The Russian special military operation in Ukraine has had a negative impact not only on German-Russian relations in the political and economic sphere, but also in the field of scientific, educational, cultural and humanitarian cooperation. The decision to terminate cooperation with the Russian Federation was made both at the level of the structures of the German government, and at the level of individual non–governmental organizations and institutions – leading scientific societyes, universities and colleges. It affected hundreds of existing joint programs, including international ones. The participation of the Russian Federation in scientific projects-lighthouse projects – the construction of a laser in Hamburg and an accelerator in Darmstadt, where it is one of the most important partners, has been frozen. An exception was the International Space Station, the operation of which was impossible without Russia. Since the end of February this year in Germany spread «denial of Russian culture» by leading German media. Representatives of Russian culture who did not condemn the SVO received a «professional ban» in the Federal Republic. Belonging to «Russian» turned out to be poisonous. Many representatives of the German establishment have massively declared their contribution to the development of German-Russian cooperation in recent decades to be wrong. The author analyzes the current situation in the field of cooperation between Germany and the Russian Federation in the field of science, education and culture and gives a forecast for its further development.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION – SPRING 2022: DANGEROUS CHANGE OF MOOD

Changes in the current rhetoric of the European Commission (EC) have been revealed by reviewing the content of its press releases and measures taken to respond to the Russian special operation in Ukraine. The author of the article considers these changes dangerous, undermining the ideological foundations of European integration – openness and partnership, as well as standards and norms of the functioning of the Internal Market. An explanation of the current activity of the EC is offered: official Brussels uses the Ukrainian crisis to activate the economic conjuncture, as well as to increase the effectiveness or cover up the miscalculations of its policy in other areas such as green transition, strategic autonomy, global leadership. The EC's attempt to introduce criminal liability through European legislation for circumvention by European companies and countries of anti-Russian sanctions adopted at the EU level was tracked (the corresponding proposal was made on May 25). Two hypotheses have been formulated. First: the EC, whose existential goal is to expand its powers, de facto sees itself not only as a market regulator, but also as an EU power structure, increasingly coordinating the real European law enforcement agencies Europol, Eurojust and Frontex, which seems to be an equally dangerous trend for the future of European integration. Second: activation of the conjuncture and economic growth in the EU are impossible in conditions of a decrease in the resource and market base.

Martial law: grounds for putting into operation in Ukraine

The research is devoted to the legal regulation of the peculiarities of martial law in Ukraine. The norms of the Ukrainian legislation as to the imposition of martial law in Ukraine are studied. The concepts and grounds for the decision to declare martial law are given. It is determined, that the grounds for the imposition of martial law in Ukraine are armed aggression, attack threat, and the danger of violating Ukrainian territorial integrity. Proposals for amendments to the legislation, governing the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine, have been identified. The Law of Ukraine On Defense of Ukraine and the Constitution of Ukraine is proposed to be supplemented with provisions that provide that martial law may be imposed only in the case of a declaration of war. The necessity of enshrining in the Law of Ukraine On the Legal Regime of Martial Law an exhaustive list of grounds for martial law has been proved. Armed aggression, the threat of attack, and the threat to the territorial integrity of Ukraine are recognized such grounds. The term "threat of attack" should be understood as conducting military exercises by another state near the borders of Ukraine, dangerous flight or maneuvering by an aircraft of another state within the territory of Ukraine, obstruction of navigation in the Kerch Strait, Black or Azov Seas in violation of international law. The term “threat of violation of territorial integrity” should be understood as the participation of citizens of other states in mass riots with demands for the withdrawal of certain regions from Ukraine, decision-making by the city, district, and regional council on announcing a referendum on the proclamation of a new state entity or withdrawal from the state. In this case, martial law may be imposed in certain areas of Ukraine. It is necessary to distinguish the grounds for the imposition of martial law throughout Ukraine and in some areas

Information and communication technologies in agricultural sector

The goal is economic modeling of the activities of small agricultural entities using factorial and statistical analysis, as well as to provide recommendations for the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in AIC of the region. The article uses the following scientific methods - bibliometric, questioning, statistical, factorial, analytical. Results - the coronavirus pandemic and Russian sanctions imposed due to the implementation of a special operation in Ukraine continue to have a negative impact on diversification of the national economy. An economic assessment is given and the reasons for a rather low level of development of the agri sector are determined. A literary review of the achievements of foreign scientists in the field of digitalization of agro-industrial production has been prepared. The degree of use of digital processes in the economy and prerequisites for the implementation of investment projects are shown. The main indicators of production of products of small market entities in the Almaty region based on the use of ICT are analyzed. A questionnaire was compiled for small farms, a statistical model of the region was built on the basis of the SmartPLS application program to obtain objective information on the feasibility of implementing digital platforms, and the importance of electronic methods in the activities of agricultural entities was justified. Conclusions - the results of modeling are summarized in terms of identifying the level of information knowledge of management of small businesses. Problems are revealed and recommendations are developed for adapting small businesses to digital systems in agribusiness. There are positive trends in their advancement in terms of new opportunities and promising areas that should be combined into a single information network of digital agricultural economy of Kazakhstan, which is managed at the state level, which will reduce the existing backlog from developed countries.

THE FOOD SECURITY DOCTRINE FIASCO

The article is devoted to topical, including little-studied aspects of the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. The price "shock" in the consumer market at the end of 2020 provoked a situation of food insecurity and confirmed the need to rethink the priorities and goals of the Doctrine and focus on ensuring access to adequate nutrition for all groups and strata of the Russian population. Along with methodological questions regarding the criteria, goals and objectives of ensuring food security laid down in the Doctrine, the article raises the problems of practical implementation of this document and concludes that there are no relevant tools and levers of economic policy in the subject area. The article concludes with a concise summary of practical recommendations for making changes and additions to the Doctrine, as well as to strategic planning documents and regulations that ensure its implementation. The external reaction to the first results of the special operation in Ukraine confirms the need to strengthen food sovereignty in practice, not limited to import substitution. Further special studies in this direction are needed with the fixation of their results in the updated version of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation for the medium term.

Current changes in social media and the digital environment during a special military operation in Ukraine

The article analyzes the changes taking place in the global social network space under the conditions of a special military operation in Ukraine. The authors draw attention to the difficulties encountered in maintaining the planned pace of development of the national project «Digital Economy» and to the consequences of blocking a number of information channels and social networks both in Russia and abroad. At the same time, they emphasize the growing demand for Russian developments in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the increase in the digital culture and literacy of citizens in circumventing blockages in search of the necessary information or contacts. Particular attention is paid to the problem of abundance and difficulties of verification of information flows that are an integral part of the global information warfare. The article is based on analytical reviews and data from sociological studies of the transformation of media space in 2022.is noted to have a prominent scientific potential and a high scientific-practical demand in the future.