Operating System Concepts Research Articles

Technical Brief: Safeguardability Analysis of a Molten Salt Sampling System Design

Abstract Challenges with safeguarding molten salt reactor (MSR) designs have prompted the search for enhanced safeguards technologies and revised safeguards materials control & accountancy (MC&A) approaches. A molten salt sampling system is a subsystem being developed to help support facility MC&A in future MSRs by removing salt samples from the primary fuel and/or coolant salt loop of an MSR for chemical and isotopic analysis. To consider the safeguards implications of this molten salt sampling system early in the design process, we employed a safeguards by design approach during the development of a prototype molten salt sampling system. Specifically, we identified and tailored a checklist approach to systematically evaluate the design against recognized safeguards and security attributes. This technical brief describes the molten salt sampling system design and operational concept upon which we applied the safeguards by design methodology, conveys the methods we used to employ the safeguards by design approach on the molten salt sampling system design, and discusses the preliminary results and design insights gained from this safeguards by design assessment.

METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM

This academic article introduces a pioneering methodology for the comprehensive assessment of air defense systems, addressing existing shortcomings in evaluation approaches. The subject of this study revolves around the development and implementation of an advanced methodology for assessing air defense systems. еThe primary aim is to rectify existing evaluation shortcomings by introducing a holistic model that significantly enhances both efficiency and effectiveness in the evaluation of air defense systems. This methodology incorporates critical elements such as system description, mission, objectives, combat environment, threat, and concept. By explicitly considering factors like system flexibility, survivability, and operational concepts, the study surpasses traditional evaluations, providing a nuanced understanding of the capabilities inherent in air defense systems. The methodology places particular emphasis on the importance of threat analysis, addressing uncertainties related to enemy forces and tactics. Additionally, the study introduces an innovative evaluation model employing tactical scenarios to assess system reliability, availability, and durability, integrating combat environment factors and potential adversary combat options. The research contributes to the academic discourse by providing a systematic and thorough approach to air defense system evaluation, tailored to the complexities of modern warfare and in alignment with the evolving military and technological landscapes. The article suggests avenues for future research to delve into nuanced criteria selection and aggregation methods, aiming to further refine the proposed evaluation methodology.

Комплексное влияние сетевых эффектов, критической массы и стандартизации на конкуренцию на рынке операционных систем

The competition policy mechanisms in specific sectors of the economy work out, provided that balanced protection tools are used, and incentives are maintained to launch a new product or technology onto the market. However, strong network effects lead to the presence of a small number of manufacturers or even a single player, which hinders the spread of alternative products and contributes to a single product network formation. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to competition analysis in the software market affected by the network effects. The purpose of this review article is to justify the need for a compound impact analysis of network effects, critical mass and standardization as an assessment optimization tool of the competition state in the two- sided software market, specifically in the operating systems markets. The object of the research is an operating system itself, and the subject is the influence of network effects, critical mass and standardization on competitive processes in the operating systems market. The following issues were performed: the results systematization of theoretical studies and approaches to econometric modeling of network externalities, the strategies identification for analysis of standards and installed base of users and sales, introduction of the operating system and software concepts, the development of recommendations for analysis of the phenomenon of network effects with an emphasis on the standardization process in the furtherance of competition and industrial policy. Analysis of the examined phenomena impact shows that the introduction of a generally accepted network effects definition at the legislative level, distinction between the direct and indirect network effects, consideration of this phenomenon as a barrier to entry into the market, and concord of the network effects and standard setting theory can decrease the possibility of type I and II errors in the law enforcement practice.

Probing cosmic inflation with theLiteBIRDcosmic microwave background polarization survey

AbstractLiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) selected LiteBIRD in May 2019 as a strategic large-class (L-class) mission, with an expected launch in the late 2020s using JAXA’s H3 rocket. LiteBIRD is planned to orbit the Sun–Earth Lagrangian point L2, where it will map the cosmic microwave background polarization over the entire sky for three years, with three telescopes in 15 frequency bands between 34 and 448 GHz, to achieve an unprecedented total sensitivity of $2.2\, \mu$K-arcmin, with a typical angular resolution of 0.5○ at 100 GHz. The primary scientific objective of LiteBIRD is to search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery or ruling out well-motivated inflationary models. The measurements of LiteBIRD will also provide us with insight into the quantum nature of gravity and other new physics beyond the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. We provide an overview of the LiteBIRD project, including scientific objectives, mission and system requirements, operation concept, spacecraft and payload module design, expected scientific outcomes, potential design extensions, and synergies with other projects.

Operating System: A Review on Basic Concepts of Operating System

Operating System: A Review on Basic Concepts of Operating System

Deep Learning for B5G Open Radio Access Network: Evolution, Survey, Case Studies, and Challenges

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) alliance was recently launched to devise a new RAN architecture featuring open, software-driven, virtual, and intelligent radio access architecture. O-RAN architecture is based on (1) disaggregated RAN functions that run as Virtual Network Function (VNF) and Physical Network Function (PNF); (2) the notion of RAN controller that runs centrally RAN applications such as mobility management, users’ scheduling, radio resources allocation, etc. The RAN controller is in charge of enforcing the application decisions by using open interfaces with the RAN functions. One important feature introduced by O-RAN is the heavy usage of Machine Learning (ML) techniques, particularly Deep Learning (DL), to foster innovation and ease the deployment of intelligent RAN applications that are able to fulfill the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the envisioned 5G and beyond network services. In this work, we first give an overview of the evolution of RAN architectures toward 5G and beyond, namely C-RAN, vRAN, and O-RAN. We also compare them based on various perspectives, such as edge support, virtualization, control and management, energy consumption, and AI support. Then, we review existing DL-based solutions addressing the RAN part. We also show how they can be integrated/mapped to the O-RAN architecture since these works were not initially adapted to the O-RAN architecture. In addition, we present two case studies for DL techniques deployment in O-RAN. Furthermore, we describe how the main steps of deployed DL models in O-RAN can be automated, to ensure stable performance of these models, introducing ML system operations (MLOps) concept in O-RAN. Finally, we identify key technical challenges, open issues, and future research directions related to the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled O-RAN architecture.

A Comprehensive Study of Kernel (Issues and Concepts) in Different Operating Systems

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependable, compatible, safe, and easy to use. Furthermore, modern developments in issues resulting from the advent of emerging technology and the growth of the cell phone introduced many features such as high-speed processors, massive memory, multitasking, high-resolution displays, functional telecommunication hardware, and so on.

Comparative Study of Operating System Quality Attributes

An Operating System is an interface between a user and computer hardware. It’s a piece of software that handles hardware devices and acts as a bridge between an application software and hardware of the computer. Everything the user does is done in the user mode and what the system does is done in the kernel mode. The kernel is a computer program at the heart of the operating system, with absolute control of everything. Operating system concepts have been developed by many manufacturers over the years and a few quality ones to match with user demand and preferences. This paper helps compare operating systems by their quality attributes and using four of the most influential operating systems – Windows, Linux, Mac and Android OS, along with other technical details in assuring user guide when deciding what operating system to choose based on their requirements. The research uses factor analysis to obtain aggregate score based on selection criteria, with first choice at 50%, second choice at 42%, third choice at 6%, fourth choice at 2%. Windows 10 has highest GUI, Hardware Compatibility, Portability and Process Management features. Also it has high Memory Management, Text Mode Interface and file system features. However, Security feature on Windows 10 was least only 2% as fourth choice. Mac OS X has high percentage for Memory Management, GUI, Security and Architecture features. However, Hardware compatibility, Text Mode Interface, File System and Portability features was least only 2% as fourth choice. Linux Ubuntu 17.4 has highest Security, Text Mode Interface, Architecture and File System features. Also having high Portability and Process Management features. However, GUI and Memory Management was least only 2% as fourth choice. It was observed for latest version of operating system all have quality attributes but selecting most preferred choice of operating system would require proper analysis of the user. Windows with a percentage of 37% was first choice, followed by Linux having 33%, Mac with 23% and finally Android with the lowest score of 7%.

OS-Learn: Mobile Learning Application for Operating System with Augmented Reality

Theoretical subjects or courses are often disliked among students due to its massive load of information which often lead to misconception or confusion. As a result, most students would resolve to rote learning instead. The refore, the purpose of this research is to design and develop OS - Learn, a mobile appli cation created to help students in learning theoretical subjects such as operating systems concepts . The core element of OS - Learn would be active engagement, such as the use of visualization and improving memory retention. OS - Learn use AR elements as part of its visualization technique . ADDIE m odel was selected as the framework to design and develop the application. U ser acceptance testing w as performed after the development phase to obtain feedback from potential users whic h are university students. Thirty students were selected to evaluate the mobile app based on its design, navigation, and content. Each respondent was given set of tasks and were required to complete a questionnaire based on their experience using the app li cation . The outcome was mostly positive where most respondents were satisfied with the overall design of the mobile application . F eedback and suggestions were also collected then reviewed to make necessary adjustments to the application before being deployed.

Operating System-Concept and Comparison

Operating system is essential to operate computers. Normally, computers came with preloaded operating systems. The purpose of this paper is to discusses about the functionality of Operating Systems with their specialization in their field and how different OS are present with UI and hardware support for software tuning. Most of the OS are UNIX based or support UNIX like features. This discusses the pre-installed OS’s which are installed in many PC’s, Laptops and Mobile Phones and about most famous Linux distributions. Keywords: operating system, technology, UNIX, UI (User Interface), hardware Cite this Article: Vatsal Gupta, Nidhi Tyagi. Operating System-Concept and Comparison. Journal of Operating Systems Development & Trends. 2020; 7(2): 24–30p.

EFFECTIVENESS OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM LEARNING IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Modern Techniques are introduced in teaching and learning process frequently one such technique is Flipped Classroom learning. Where the pupils are asked to learn the contents given to them at their home from the available sources and they review the topics in their classroom. Since every student collect information from various sources like YouTube, Video lessons, different types of educational apps, Magazines and sources from elders etc. the collection will be excellent to review and collective ideas can help them to learn better than routine blackboard chalk and talk method by doing. So, they learn effectively and their doubts are cleared through discussion with peers in the presence of teacher. The teacher can conclude the teaching learning process by giving extra information left untouched by the students. The researcher is a computer science teacher so she took a lesson from Eleventh Standard Computer Science text book of State board in the 4th Chapter of Volume - I, "Theoretical Concepts of Operating System" and she prepared a video lesson, that video lesson is utilized by the students to learn the contents allotted to them. The Conclusion of her studying, she found that flipped classroom learning is effectively impact in the course content to the students.

Experiences from turning Linux into an instructional operating system

AbstractThe curriculum proposal for degrees related to Computer Science from the two main professional associations worldwide in information and communication technologies dedicate a considerable number of hours to operating system (OS) concepts, and so do the curricula defined by most universities. Nevertheless, the practical teaching of OS at an undergraduate level is currently a controversial issue. Some universities consider that the use of a real OS implies too steep a learning curve and its complexity can prevent an appropriate learning of the main concepts. Other universities consider that the use of an educational OS or the development of a simplified one from scratch are activities too far away from the reality that students will encounter in their professional lives. This paper presents a solution adopted at the University of Vigo, that tries to get the advantages of both approaches and avoid their drawbacks. It is based on combining small lab practices to acquire theoretical concepts and a medium‐sized project to deal with the complexity of a real OS. We designed a new laboratory environment for teaching OS, which greatly facilitates the development of applications to test features both provided by Linux and developed by students, minimizing the effort required to create testing scenarios, and hiding, as far as necessary, less important OS details. We also show the results of the evaluation process carried out during the last academic years.

The smart power cell concept: mastering TSO–DSO interactions for the secure and efficient operation of future power systems

This article describes a novel power system architecture and operational concept which is founded on the idea of organising sets of distributed generators, loads, storages and multimodal interfaces at distribution level in supervised and controlled grid subsections called smart power cells, which are controllable entities intended to enforce the stability of the transmission network and participate in its operation. Further, the article addresses a control scheme which can be implemented within a smart power cell to control its active and reactive power exchange with the transmission network following set points provided by a superimposed control system, and thus participate in the operation of the transmission grid (e.g. participation in congestion management, system optimisation, balancing of generation and load). The dynamic behaviour of a future power system under consideration of the proposed system architecture including several smart power cells controlled with the developed control scheme is demonstrated through time-domain simulation using a combined transmission–distribution power system model.

Using TOST in Teaching Operating Systems and Concurrent Programming Concepts

Using TOST in Teaching Operating Systems and Concurrent Programming Concepts

System Configurations and Operational Concepts for Highly Efficient Utilization of Power-to-Heat in A-CAES

The increasing share of renewable energies requires the installation of large-scale electricity storage capacities in addition to grid expansion. Significant contribution to reach this goal is provided by adiabatic compressed air energy storage power plants (A-CAES), key elements in future electricity transmission systems. This technology allows efficient, local zero-emission electricity storage on the basis of compressed air in underground caverns in combination with thermal energy storage systems and, in contrast to pumped storage power plants (PSPP), it demands no overground geological requirements. Despite the achieved success of A-CAES systems in terms of efficiency and cost, further improvements in dynamics and flexibility are needed. One promising solution to fulfil these dynamic requirements is based on the integration of an additional power-to-heat element (P2H) operating during the charging periods. This modification allows increased power plant flexibility and further cost reductions due to increased thermal storage densities but is simultaneously associated with concept-dependent decreasing total round trip efficiencies. For the identification of suitable configurations, adequate concepts must be elaborated, and the influence on round trip efficiency as well as on cost reduction potential must be investigated. For this purpose, a system model for a two-stage A-CAES configuration is established and used for large simulation studies related to P2H locations and power, thermal energy storage systems, and central process variables. Therefore, time-efficient model reductions with well-justified assumptions are conducted, offering a simplified transient implementation of thermal energy options in the system simulation. On the basis of a promising P2H configuration including high potentials for cost reduction and moderate losses in round trip efficiency, an alternative concept is presented offering high exergetic utilization and additional cost reductions, which can be treated as a base for upgrading the existing CAES power plants and for modifying operational concepts.

유·무인 복합전투체계 운용개념 및 발전방향:지상전을 중심으로

유·무인 복합전투체계 운용개념 및 발전방향:지상전을 중심으로

Development, Implementation (Pilot) and Evaluation of a Demand-Responsive Transport System

This paper presents the partial results of the first phases of the BOOLEAN (Bürgerorientierte Optimierung der Leistungsfähigkeit, Effizienz und Attraktivität im Nahverkehr) research project. The demand-responsive transport and operating systems as well as virtual vehicle concepts are developed in a “real-world laboratory” in Schorndorf. The demand-responsive transport system is implemented as a part of the existing public transport system and will be tested for nine months. The paper focuses on the derivation of system requirements for the operating system and vehicle concepts. The virtual vehicle concepts developed within the project are specifically designed according to the needs of demand-responsive transport systems and are based on automation technologies and electric propulsion. An inter- and transdisciplinary approach integrates perspectives from the social, technical and computer sciences and various local stakeholders (operators, municipality, politics and citizens of a medium sized town in Southern Germany). Transformative processes are induced, supported and scrutinized during and beyond the pilot phase.

An Architecture Framework for Orchestrating Context-Aware IT Ecosystems: A Case Study for Quantitative Evaluation †.

With the emergence of various forms of smart devices and new paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, the IT (Information Technology) service areas are expanding explosively compared to the provision of services by single systems. A new system operation concept that has emerged in accordance with such technical trends is the IT ecosystem. The IT ecosystem can be considered a special type of system of systems in which multiple systems with various degrees of autonomy achieve common goals while adapting to the given environment. The single systems that participate in the IT ecosystem adapt autonomously to the current situation based on collected data from sensors. Furthermore, to maintain the services supported by the whole IT ecosystem sustainably, the configuration of single systems that participate in the IT ecosystem also changes appropriately in accordance with the changed situation. In order to support the IT ecosystem, this paper proposes an architecture framework that supports dynamic configuration changes to achieve the goal of the whole IT ecosystem, while ensuring the autonomy of single systems through the collection of data from sensors so as to recognize the situational context of individual participating systems. For the feasibility evaluation of the proposed framework, a simulated example of an IT ecosystem for unmanned forest management was constructed, and the quantitative evaluation results are discussed in terms of the extent to which the proposed architecture framework can continuously provide sustainable services in response to diverse environmental context changes.

Interaction of Automation Visibility and Information Quality in Flight Deck Information Automation

An empirical study evaluated key human factors issues related to automation visibility and information quality, based on a refined definition of information automation. Next-generation air transportation system operational concepts will dramatically affect the types and amount of information available on flight decks. Information automation systems collect, process, and present information to support pilot tasks and awareness. The definition of flight deck information automation was refined to differentiate it from other types of automation. Pilots interacted with an example information automation system to investigate the premise that automation visibility will have an impact on the ability of pilots to detect problems resulting from poor information quality. Poor information quality appeared to be difficult for pilots to detect, even when presented with high automation visibility. Pilots tended to over-trust automation, so when reporting high workload and information was missing, they chose the top plan suggested by the automation even though it was not the best. Trust in automation was reduced by low information quality, but compensated for by increased automation visibility. Added information to help pilots understand information automation state and outputs, given a level of information quality, should be balanced against potential increases in pilot workload due to the time and attention needed to process the extra information.

A Comparative Study on PBRR CPU Scheduling Algorithm for Different Time Quantum and Priority

CPU Scheduling is one of the fundamental concepts of Operating System [4]. Most CPU scheduling algorithms concentrate on maximizing CPU utilization and throughput and minimizing turnaround time, waiting time, response time and number of context switching for a set of requests. Some of the popular CPU scheduling algorithms are First-Come-First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), Priority Based (PB) and Round Robin (RR). Round Robin is the most popular choice in time shared system, but it may not be suitable for real time systems because of larger waiting time, turnaround time and more number of context switches [7, 8]. As processor is the important resource, CPU scheduling becomes very important in accomplishing the operating system (OS) design goals [5]. In this paper we have discussed scheduling criteria, viz.; CPU Utilization, Throughput, Waiting Time, Turnaround Time and Response Time and different types of scheduler, viz.; short-term, mid-term and long-term scheduler. We have also discussed the working principles of existing scheduling algorithms, viz.; FCFS, SJF, ED and RR. In this paper we have discussed CPU scheduling algorithm called PBRR (Priority Based Round Robin), which is based on traditional RR algorithm. We have also done a comparative analysis on the performance on scheduling criteria for PBRR scheduling algorithm through twenty five different cases where we take five different time quantum, such as 1ms, 2ms, 3ms, 4ms and 5ms under the five different priority ranges for each time quantum. At the end we have analysed the changes of average waiting time, average turnaround time and number of context switches over different time quantum.