Operational Situations Research Articles

ЩОДО ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРАВОВОЇ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЇ ПРИМУСУ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВЧОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

The article formulates proposals for improving the legal regulation of coercion in the SCES of Ukraine. The need to amend the provisions of national legislation aimed at regulating “extreme” forms of coercion, such as the use of firearms in the penitentiary system, which will ensure full compliance with international human rights standards in the penitentiary system. In particular, it is necessary to make changes and additions: to Art. 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which in order to comply with the provisions of Part 1, Clause 64 of the European Penitentiary Rules must be supplemented with provisions on the use of coercion only as a “extreme measure”, to item 7 h. 2 Art. 18 of the Law of Ukraine “On the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, which should be supplemented by similar provisions; to the Law of Ukraine “On the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, which should be supplemented by a separate section designed to clearly regulate the grounds and procedure for the application of coercion to convicts and detainees, etc. The article also substantiates the need to improve the legal regulation of combating the circulation of prohibited items (things) in pre-trial detention centers and penitentiary institutions, made a proposal to amend the text of Part 2 of Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in order to cover the transfer of cold steel to the penitentiary institution and pre-trial detention center, namely to supplement its text with the term “transfer” and to state it in the wording: “2. Carrying, handing over, making, repairing or selling daggers, ending with knives, brass knuckles or other cold steel weapons without a legal permit.” It is concluded that as a result of amendments to the legislation, one can expect not only an improvement in human rights in the national penitentiary system, but also a stabilization of the operational situation in penitentiary institutions and pre-trial detention centers, increasing the overall effectiveness of combating and preventing prison offenses. Key words: сoercion, legal regulation of coercion, national penitentiary system, the rights of convicted and detained persons, circulation of prohibited items, criminal liability for the transfer of prohibited items, SCES.

Security Situation Assessment for Terminal Area Control System Operation Based on BN-ISSA-ELM

Performing an operational safety situation evaluation of the terminal area control system is crucial for enhancing safety management and ensuring operational safety in the terminal area. We use a combination active–passive risk source identification method to thoroughly identify the safety features of the terminal area control system, and then establish a related indicator system. After that, the system’s secondary and primary indicators are used as input and output vectors for an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). This creates an ISSA-ELM-based risk probability prediction model for the primary indicators, which gives us the predicted values of the primary indicator risks. Bayesian theory merges the output results to determine the overall safety status of the terminal area control system. The evaluation results indicate a distinct correlation between the secondary and primary indicators in a terminal area of North China. The ELM, which has been improved by the Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA), correctly displays this mapping and predicts the operational risks. The improved model is able to make predictions that are more than 80% accurate. A comparison of the model’s evaluation results with the actual operational conditions during the same period demonstrates consistency, suggesting that this method may consistently evaluate the operational safety status of the terminal area control system.

Enterprise Ecological Strategic Investment Under the New Situation of Global Economy Take Xiaomi Group as an example

In recent years, great changes have taken place in the international political and economic situation. Many enterprises are affected by the overall economic environment and face many risks and worries in enterprise operation and corporate governance. Not only that, many medium-sized and large enterprises are also facing new challenges in industrial upgrading and consumer goods manufacturing reform. This study mainly focuses on the corporate ecological strategic investment under the development and change of global economic environment in recent years. The author chooses Xiaomi as a case company, analyzes its deployment and benefits of ecological strategic investment, and summarizes the plan suitable for the current enterprise strategic investment. These programs can help enterprises improve their core competitiveness, so as to present a stable operating situation in the rapidly changing market environment.

Professional Military Ethics. The Essential Foundation For Educating Future Officers In Law of Armed Conflict

Abstract This research paper examines the critical role of professional military ethics in educating future officers in the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). The author argues that LOAC cannot be taught in isolation, the principles of military ethics representing the bedrock of forging and instilling a specific ethos in future officers that can help them transcend the cold letter of law in operational situations. By examining how military ethics is taught in various countries, the paper analyses the challenges in implementing a military ethics program and proposes a structured approach to military ethics education in the Romanian Land Forces Academy.

Experimental investigations of the impact of third-generation biodiesel and its blends on diesel fuel filter

Purpose Biodiesel in engines can reduce net carbon dioxide emissions and boost renewable energy. Despite the benefits of biodiesel engines, little is known about their effects on fuel filters. Filterability hinders the broad use of sustainable biodiesel, as filter clogging and deterioration can lead to engine damage and further hinder the widespread adoption of biodiesel. This study aims to investigate algae biodiesel (Chlorophyta) and diesel fuel filtration and filter deterioration to fill this gap. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the effects of different biodiesel blends on diesel fuel filter parameters, namely, filter blocking tendency (FBT), tensile strength of filter medium upon immersion and other physiochemical properties. In total, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel (B20) was chosen for its common use as a commercial blend, 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel (B40) for mid-level biodiesel content and 100% biodiesel (B100) for pure biodiesel testing. Testing these concentrations allowed us to determine the effect of increasing biodiesel content. B20 biodiesel emerges as the most suitable blend, providing the best balance of performance and durability with a low FBT (1.0) and a 6.9% increase in tensile strength over diesel. B40 and B100 had higher FBTs of 1.53 and 7.57, respectively, and lower tensile strength, resulting in increased filter clogging and material deterioration. SEM results demonstrated that B20-immersed filters had little structural changes as compared to B40 and B100; the colour darkened noticeably suggesting deposits, including sterol glucosides, indicating material deterioration and clogging. Findings The results from current study concluded that when compared to B40 and B100, the B20 biodiesel blend provides the best balance of performance and longevity, with less filter blockage, improved tensile strength and lower maintenance requirements. However, its performance in harsh settings, such as colder climes, high-pressure systems and engines requiring more power output, may require augmentation and more study. While higher blends may be more appropriate in some applications, B20 remains the most adaptable solution for a wide range of general operational situations. Originality/value The study concludes that the B20 biodiesel blend provides optimal performance, longevity and maintenance for compression ignition engines, exceeding other blends. While B40 and B100 may be appropriate in certain situations, B20 remains the most practical and versatile option, combining environmental benefits with engine compatibility, making it a superior alternative to standard diesel fuel.

Research on the Development Dilemma and Path of the Commercial Operation Mode of High-Level Sports Events in China under the Background of New Quality Productivity

This paper deeply discusses the development dilemma and the potential breakthrough path encountered by the commercial operation mode of high-level sports events in China under the background of the emerging concept of new quality productivity. Through detailed analysis of the core essence of new productivity and its diversified application in the sports industry, such as information technology in live broadcast and data analysis, biotechnology in the scientific application of athletes training and recovery, and new material technology in sports equipment innovation, this paper comprehensively examines the present situation of high level sports commercial operation in China. On this basis, the paper further analyzes the current challenges in policy environment, management experience, product development and profit distribution, and at the same time also reveals the new opportunities brought by new quality productivity for the commercialization of sports events. Finally, in view of the above difficulties, this paper puts forward a series of forward-looking and operable optimization paths, aiming to promote the commercial operation mode of high-level sports events in China to a more mature and efficient direction.

Design of a downhole dynamic recorder based on flash memory

Abstract In response to the current demand for drilling cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and drilling safety in the drilling process, it is necessary to collect a large amount of real-time downhole measurement data to achieve real-time monitoring of wellbore pressure, drilling tool efficiency,and drilling speed.Nowadays,traditional while drilling measuring instruments have disadvantages such as small storage capacity, large volume, and easy loss of power due to power failure.Therefore, designing a downhole dynamic recorder based on NAND (Non-And) large capacity memory, using a small, low-power, and fast reading NAND flash memory, combined with a high-performance processor microcontroller, can achieve high-speed data access.Through calculating its theoretical storage value,removing the influence of bad blocks, the storage capacity can be increased by more than three times compared to before optimization. Data reading, writing, and erasing can be significantly improved too, and it has non volatility due to power failure. This product can record real-time data such as triaxial vibration, pressure, rotational speed, and stickiness during the drilling process, which helps to understand the situation of downhole drilling operations, optimize parameters, analyze wellbore instability and drilling tool failure, improve drilling efficiency, reduce well construction costs, and provide important reference basis for intelligent drilling operations.

Block method of mining quarry fields as a tool to reduce environmental impact in conditions of intensification of production

Relevance. The intensification of open-pit mining in the coal basins of the Russian Federation is accompanied by an increase in negative impact on the environment. Directly in Kuzbass, the environment is exposed to the impact of the coal industry, especially when conducting open-pit mining using deep mining systems, with external dumping, which is accompanied by the withdrawal of a large amount of undisturbed land. The block method of mining quarry fields, well known in mining, has been rarely implemented in existing and planned quarry fields. The general line of its application is the lack of a unified approach to the design of block parameters, including environmental and economic assessment of the impact of this technological solution on the environment. Aim. Reduce environmental payments of mining enterprises with justified parameters of blocks for the development of quarry fields of promising inclined and steeply dipping coal deposits. Methods. Systematic generalization of the actual situation of mining operations in open-pit mines using the block method of mining quarry fields, the method of options and technical and economic modeling using spreadsheets. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the ecological and economic criteria for assessing the application of the block method of quarry field development. This allows us to study the patterns of change in environmental indicators. Using the example of the Krasnobrodskoe open-pit mine, the costs of environmental payments for the use of land resources, emissions and dusting are calculated for two options different from the design documentation. Based on the calculation results, the authors proved the efficiency of applying the block procedure for developing promising coal deposits, allowing us to reduce the costs for environmental impact by 22.5 and 63%, respectively, when changing the length of the initial block along the bottom from 2.2 to 1.4 km. From which it follows that the combined ecological and economic indicators allow us to fully assess the feasibility of applying the method for calculating block parameters, which is generally reflected in reduction in the costs for negative impact on the environment.

The role of immuno-mediated dysregulation in the progression of allergic pathology in military personnel under occupational stress

In order to identify clinical and immunological predictors of the progression of allergopathology in military personnel participating in special operations under conditions of professional stress, 43 military personnel participating in special operations divided into two groups were examined. Group 1 consisted of officers with allergopathology or who first debuted symptoms of allergic diseases during or within 6 months after participating in special operations (n = 13, average age 36.4±4.5 years). Group 2 included officers participating in special operations who did not have symptoms of allergic diseases (n = 13, average age 36.4±4.5 years). The analysis of complaints and medical documentation were carried out. Clinical and laboratory examination was performed without exacerbation of somatic pathology. The immune status was assessed by the expression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+, HLA-DR+, intracellular FoxP3 content in CD4+CD25+T cells, granzyme B in CD3-CD16+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes using appropriate monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter) and taking into account the results on the cytofluorometer “FC 500”. Immunological monitoring was performed before participation in hostilities and 6 months after return. A comparative assessment of the cellular and humoral state of military personnel of both comparison groups before leaving for an area with an unfavorable operational situation revealed the following differences. In the group of military personnel with allergic manifestations, significantly fewer CD4+ lymphocytes were noted, as well as significantly fewer CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory lymphocytes and an increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes were recorded. When dynamically monitoring the parameters of the cellular and humoral immune response in military personnel participating in hostilities, 6 months after returning from a business trip to areas with an unfavorable operational situation, unidirectional changes in the immune status were recorded in the form of a violation of the differentiation processes of the T cell link of the immune system. In the group of servicemen suffering from allergic diseases, the revealed changes were accompanied by a weakening of the processes of physiological immunosuppression in the form of a persistent decrease in the content of regulatory T lymphocytes in the dynamics of observation for 6 months.

Using Eye-Tracking to Evaluate Novel Augmented Reality Applications for Maritime Operations

This paper presents the developments across a multi-year collaborative industry-academia R&D project designing and testing novel Augmented Reality (AR) solutions for differing maritime operations and work tasks. We describe the step-wise approach taken in our Human Factors testing program exploring the effects of AR on maritime operators. This paper focuses specifically on our empirical simulator laboratory experiments using differing data collection designs, tools and operational scenarios to investigate operator Situation Awareness, cognitive workload, performance and usability. Moving from comparatively rudimentary measures using static scenarios, desktop data collections and post hoc video analysis to implementing eye-tracking and automated object identification in dynamic scenarios and full-mission simulated environments, we present an overview of how our testing program has evolved and lessons learned. Further, we discuss ongoing research and future plans to better understand the effects of AR on maritime end-users to implement human-centred solutions more effectively in maritime settings.

Air Route Design of Multi-Rotor UAVs for Urban Air Mobility

UAVs will present significant air traffic in the urban airspace in the future, which brings new challenges to urban air traffic management and control. This paper presents an air route design scheme for multi-rotor UAVs in urban airspace to enable UAV operations at orderly levels. The air routes include legs and intersections, which are the three-dimensional channels of UAV flight. Based on the concept of structured and layered urban airspace, the cylindrical pipeline flight leg is designed, and the operation concept, characteristic parameters and flight procedures of along-road and roundabout intersections are proposed. By defining UAV conflict risk and intersection service level metrics, the operation situation of UAVs is quantitatively evaluated. Taking an urban transportation scenario as a case, the proposed route design scheme is simulated in different scale UAV operating scenarios. The results show that the number of UAVs at the intersection is positively correlated with the conflict probability, the number of crossing routes is negatively correlated with the intersection passing rate, and the UAV arrival rate is positively correlated with the intersection average passing time. The along-road type intersection is suitable for the area with fewer crossing routes and sparse UAVs, while the roundabout type intersection is adapted for the area with more crossing routes and dense UAVs. This research provides a new idea for urban UAV air route design, which is helpful in promoting the standardized management of UAVs and accelerating the integration of UAVs into urban airspace.

Nothing Comes Without Its World – Practical Challenges of Aligning LLMs to Situated Human Values through RLHF

Work on value alignment aims to ensure that human values are respected by AI systems. However, existing approaches tend to rely on universal framings of human values that obscure the question of which values the systems should capture and align with, given the variety of operational situations. This often results in AI systems that privilege only a selected few while perpetuating problematic norms grounded on biases, ultimately causing equity and justice issues. In this perspective paper, we unpack the limitations of predominant alignment practices of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for LLMs through the lens of situated values. We build on feminist epistemology to argue that at the design-time, RLHF has problems with representation in the subjects providing feedback and implicitness in the conceptualization of values and situations of real-world users while lacking system adaptation to real user situations at the use time. To address these shortcomings, we propose three research directions: 1) situated annotation to capture information about the crowdworker’s and user’s values and judgments in relation to specific situations at both the design and use-time, 2) expressive instruction to encode plural values for instructing LLMs systems at design-time, and 3) reflexive adaptation to leverage situational knowledge for system adaption at use-time. We conclude by reflecting on the practical challenges of pursuing these research directions and situated value alignment of AI more broadly.

CAPACITY OF AN AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING CHECKPOINT UNDER VARIOUS OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

The equipment of airport security screening checkpoints undergoes frequent modifications due to technological or organizational changes. New solutions complement or replace existing ones to improve the effectiveness of the equipment or formal requirements. An example of this process is the replacement of the walk-through metal detection gate with a newer solution: the body scanner. The present study aimed to analyze the capacity of an airport security checkpoint under different operational conditions, depending on the equipment used. For this purpose, a previously created model (implemented as a colored, timed, stochastic Petri net) was used. Simulation studies were performed in four real-world operational scenarios, and their results were compared to those of a nominal scenario. The results show that, in terms of capacity, it may be advantageous to redirect a more significant stream of passengers to a station equipped with a specific device, depending on the specific operational situation. The results demonstrate the necessity of analyzing the applied strategy of operation with each change in the operational environment. In particular, for an airport with characteristics similar to Katowice Airport, using older technology is beneficial under nominal conditions and after increasing the staffing so that both genders work simultaneously. In other cases, the more intensive use of Body Scanner-equipped security screening checkpoints is advantageous.

Испанские оборонительные мероприятия на Канарских островах в контексте британских планов овладения Макаронезией в 1940–1942 годах

This article is devoted to the efforts of Francoist Spain to ensure the defense of the Canary Archipelago in 1940–1942. The obviousness of British plans to conquer Macaronesia forced the Spaniards to take measures to preserve sovereignty over the islands. The goal was achieved in conditions of resource scarcity and the threat of a naval blockade. In this situation, the leadership of the defense resorted to emergency measures. A partial mobilization of people and resources was carried out on the archipelago. The metropolis found reserves of weapons and military equipment, which made it possible to equip thecreated group. Thescarcity of the material base limited thecapabilities of thecontingent, but its presence made it possible to prevent the primary plans of a potential enemy. The article concludes that the Spanish military preparations, along with the political and operational situation, prevented the planned British expansion against the Iberian archipelagos.

Comprehensive assessment and energetic-exergetic performance optimization of a new solar thermal electricity system based on Scheffler-type receivers combined with screw-type volumetric machines

This study explores the potential of a novel solar-powered cascade Rankine cycle system based on Scheffler-type receivers combined with screw expanders. Specifically, in this solar power system, steam is generated in the Scheffler-type receiver, which proves to be well performing compared with other technological solutions to exploit solar energy, due to satisfactory efficiency of the focal receiver that is able to curtail heat losses, even at high evaporation temperatures. Subsequently, steam expands in the screw machines which, unlike conventional steam turbines, are specially fitting in energy conversion with vapor-liquid mixes in the field from tens to hundreds of kW. In the present study, comprehensive assessment of this renewable energy power system is thoroughly conducted in a large range of operating states. For this purpose, specific numerical models and basic criteria fixed for the screw expanders and Scheffler receivers part-load behavior are combined with thermodynamic formulations established for energetic-exergetic performance optimization of the entire solar thermal electricity plant. Hence, parametric optimization of the major thermodynamic factors involved at part-load operating situations is conducted to enhance the energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the designed solar thermal power system.

Research on the Legal Protection of Green Credit in China under the Dual Carbon Goals

Green credit is an important means of financial support for green and low-carbon transformation and promoting sustainable development, and is an important means to achieve the dual carbon goals . At present, China's green credit is mainly promoted by various green credit policies, but there are problems such as the lack of legislation, the lack of a mandatory constraint mechanism, and the imperfect supervision system. The imperfect legal system is not conducive to the stable development of green credit, and thus cannot provide strong support for achieving the dual carbon goals . This study starts from the legal issues of green credit in my country and focuses on the legal issues existing in the current development of green credit in my country. First, the concepts of green credit and related fields are defined and analyzed, the characteristics of green credit are discussed from the perspective of economic law, and the main theoretical basis for studying green credit is explained. Secondly, the legal issues existing in the implementation of the green credit system in my country at this stage are analyzed, and the development status of the green credit system in major foreign countries is explained. Finally, drawing on foreign legal practice experience and combining the overall situation of my country's economic development and social operation, countermeasures and suggestions for solving my country's green credit legal issues are proposed, providing perfect legal support for the long-term development of my country's green credit, thereby promoting the development of green finance and green economy and achieving the dual carbon goals.

Factors Affecting Control Room Operator Situation Awareness and ITS Fuzzy Logic Model

Factors Affecting Control Room Operator Situation Awareness and ITS Fuzzy Logic Model

A Novel Self‐Reconfigurable Battery Pack Design with and without Active Cell Balancing

In electric vehicle industry, rechargeable multicell battery packs commonly with fixed configurations are adopted. Such fixed battery configurations have several drawbacks, including limited fault tolerance during unusual operating situations, poor cell state variation management, etc. Thus, this article proposes a self‐reconfigurable battery pack design considering two scenarios: with and without active cell balancing. Herein, the issue of cell state variation is mostly solved by the proposed configuration mode, and further monitoring, control, and protection can be easily appended to accomplish other functionalities, for example, meeting dynamic voltage requirement. Each proposed design is validated by simulation results for a six‐cell polymer lithium‐ion battery pack. The proposed design can maximally utilize the battery's capacity and help to protect cells from over‐charging and over‐discharging as well. This research could be further extended to other application scenarios involving wide‐range dynamic voltage requirements.

Prediction of human initial operation situation in confined space with a multi-task deep neural network

Most large manufacturing fields still rely on manual operations, requiring operators to enter the Confined Space (CS) to conduct assembly and maintenance tasks. The ergonomics analysis combined with the Digital Human Model (DHM) can provide valuable suggestions and guidance for product structure design and process planning. Due to the particularity of CS, the current algorithms applied to DHM operation planning are not suitable for CS operations. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach to predict the initial operation situation in CS. The Restriction State Expression Model for Bi-Directional Confined Space (RSEMfBDCS) is introduced to quantify the restricted degree, and a novel multi-task deep neural network, as the Human Operation Situation Prediction Network in CS (HOSPNiCS) is developed to predict the initial operation situation in CS, which includes operation reachability, the initial OPI, and the initial OPII of the operators. Training and Verifying by the data collected from the real operation cases, HOSPNiCS distinguishes whether the manual operation is reachable with an average accuracy of 0.996, and the average accuracy for initial OPI prediction can reach 0.957. For initial OPII prediction, HOSPNiCS has an average distance error of 0.036 m and an average angle error of 0.395°. Based on the proposed approach, the engineering designers can swiftly ascertain operation reachability and get the initial OPI and OPII of DHM with the help of the prediction results. In light of this, the human operation simulation would be more practical for future human factor analysis.

Construction and application of static stability intelligent evaluator for large power grid from the perspective of knowledge graph

Abstract Relying on information technology such as artificial intelligence, knowledge analysis on a large amount of high-dimensional real-time measurement and simulation information, and deep excavation of stable operation situations in the power grid are the core of real time intelligent security defense of large power grid. In this paper, from the perspective of the knowledge graph, considering the stability state evaluation index and optimizing control strategy information of different operation scenarios of power grid comprehensively, using the integration mechanism of information system and knowledge graph, the functional framework of intelligent evaluator for static stability in power grid is proposed, and an evaluator including static evaluation and decision-making, and general intelligent algorithm is designed. Introducing knowledge graph automation engine technology, visual display of intelligent evaluator for large power grid static stability is realized. An application case in a real power grid is given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research work is helpful to regulate and control operators to grasp the operation situation and improve the efficiency of evaluation and decision-making of the power grid. It has positive exploration application value to improve the construction of intelligent active security defense systems online in large power grids.