Operating Revenue Research Articles

Compensatory growth and production economics of Silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801), fingerlings stunted by feed and space deprivation

The effect of stunting by feed and space deprivation on compensatory growth (CG) in Silver pompano,Trachinotus blochii, was investigated. A commercial pellet feed (45% protein and 10% fat) was fed two times a day, throughout the entire experiment. The 270-day experiment consisted of an initial 60-day stunting phase and a 60-day post-stunting phase carried out in 4 × 2 × 2 m3galvanized iron (GI) rectangular cages, and a 150-day grow-out phase carried out in 3-m diameter circular GI cages. During the stunting phase, the normal fish (in triplicates) were stocked at lower stocking density (17 fish/m3) and fed at 10% of body weight (BW), while stunted fish (one replication) were stocked at about three times higher stocking density (56 fish/m3) and fed at a three times lower feeding rate (3% of BW). The stunted and normal fish were reared in triplicates during the post-stunting phase, at uniform stocking density (15 fish/m3) with feeding at a higher rate (10% of BW) for stunted fish and normal feeding rate (8% of BW) was adopted for normal fish. During the grow-out stage, each replication from the post-stunting phase was shifted to 3-m circular cages with the same feeding rates. The lag in growth in stunted fish (5.56 g against 9.43 ± 0.13 g of normal) during the stunting phase was compensated during the post-stunting phase (36.88 ± 2.23 g against 38.13 ± 1.48 g of normal) by higher feeding rate. There were no significant (p> 0.05) differences in final harvest, biometry, morphometry, dressing yield, carcass nutritional composition, and serum biochemical markers at the end of grow-out stage. Because of the significant difference (p< 0.05) in the total feed provided (5.2 kg for stunted fish against 22.8 kg for normal fish) and the lesser unit cost for the production of stunted fingerling (USD 0.087 for stunted fish against USD 0.106 for normal), the farming of stunted fish brought about a higher net operational revenue and benefit:cost ratio.

A Distributed Pricing Strategy for Edge Computation Offloading Optimization in Autonomous Driving

The increase of on-vehicle applications has brought explosive computation demands to autonomous vehicles and overwhelmed their limited onboard resources. Edge computing can offload application load and effectively alleviate this problem. However, the introduction of edge computing faces significant challenges, including the considerable amount of resource contention due to the scarcity of edge resources and the competition among edge computing resource providers to earn users' services requests. We notice that the problem is not purely technical as solutions for these two problems can become conflicting to each other. In this paper, we propose a distributed pricing strategy to achieve full use of computing resources at the edge and maximize the revenue of service operators, both with guaranteed quality-of-service of on-vehicle applications. More specifically, we first use the multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game theory to model the pricing of on-vehicle task offloading under edge computing. Next, we propose a distributed pricing strategy to enable edge servers to adjust their local price distributions so that edge servers can bargain with offloading requesters independently. Experimental results confirm that the proposed distributed pricing strategy can provide more optimized server computing resource utilization while guaranteeing the performance of in-vehicle applications.

Characteristics of short-term acute care hospitals that experienced a ransomware attack from 2016 to 2021.

As cybercrime increasingly targets the health care sector, hospitals face the growing threat of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that prevents users from accessing their electronic systems-demanding payment to restore access. In response, momentum is gathering to enact policy that will help hospitals strengthen their cybersecurity defenses. However, to design effective policy, it is crucial to understand the characteristics of hospitals associated with the risk of ransomware attack. In this paper, we compare the characteristics of ransomware-attacked and non-attacked short-term acute care hospitals in the United States. Using data from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey and the Healthcare Cost Report Information System, we found that ransomware-attacked hospitals were larger, had higher net operating revenue, were more likely to be financially profitable, and more likely to provide trauma, emergency, and obstetric care than non-attacked hospitals. Measures of information technology sophistication did not vary between ransomware-attacked and non-attacked hospitals. These results can be used to tailor policy interventions in order to most effectively respond to and prevent cybercrime in health care.

Feasibility Analysis of GSM-R System for Railways in Indonesia: Case Study of Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train

High-speed railway technology development necessitates the development of a communication system that supports various components of train operation facilities, such as train control, safety communication, and others. The construction of fhigh-speed railway in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung area uses the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Level 3 signaling system, which makes the Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway (GSM-R) a wireless signaling network system. Because there are already existing GSM-based public telecommunications services, known as public GSM, on the same frequency used by a number of cellular operators in Indonesia, the use of GSM-R poses implementation challenges. This will result in reduced service quality and revenue for protected cellular network operators due to the use of these frequency bands to support the operation of high-speed railway services in Indonesia. In this study, an evaluation was carried out to look for other potentials from using the GSM 900 MHz frequency band, which can be used as an option to be implemented on high-speed trains in Indonesia. The research begins with calculating the estimated potential loss of revenue from using telecommunications network operators. This data will be analyzed in terms of the economic feasibility of several other frequency band choices for implementing the GSM 900 MHz frequency band on high-speed trains in Indonesia, so that it is hoped that this will become a new consideration that can become a solution and recommendation in the application and use of GSM-R technology in Indonesia.

Airlines Operating Cost and Revenue: The Case of the Cameroon National Airline

This paper attempts to provide a unique opportunity to calculate Cameroon domestic air transport operating cost and revenue. I explicitly introduce in my cost function the route distance of the domestic network in which carriers provide their services. Due to the declined in the domestic air transport routes in Cameroon, I proposed a hub-and-spoke network which influenced the operating revenue. My results, therefore, indicated that only two out of eleven routes are profitable. Consequently, to prevent huge shortfall in airlines revenues, I argued for the creation of the Domestic Network Sustainability Trust Fund.

Reaching Universal Coverage of Water and Sanitation Services: Is Regionalization a Sustainable Path for Developing Countries?

Achieving universal access to water and sanitation services in developing countries requires a coherent legal, political, and institutional environment, along with a clear financial strategy. Regionalizing utilities may be crucial for addressing disparities, economic inequalities, and governance challenges. Regionalization offers economies of scale, resource efficiency, knowledge sharing, and collaboration. The cornerstone will be ensuring the financial-economic viability of regional utilities, considering their social impacts in terms of affordability. A case study of the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil) is assessed. In the case of Santa Catarina, only four regional utilities currently generate sufficient revenue, without factoring in necessary investments, indicating the need to review design parameters to improve operational efficiency and increase revenues. Additional financial support may be required to ensure universal access. Tariff adjustments must strike a balance between cost effectiveness and affordability for families.

THE APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS WITHIN BUSINESS OPERATIONS: THE CASE OF NGEBUTS ELECTRIC BIKES

This paper explores NGEBUTS electric motorbikes and examines how their manufacturers exemplify a sustainable innovation approach in their business operations. The study applies a five-stage sustainability mapping framework to understand NGEBUTS's emergence in the Indonesian EV market and their use of sustainable innovation. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating sustainability into business models, products, technologies, and processes to enhance competitiveness. The research reveals that sustainability initiatives can reduce operational costs and increase revenues, benefiting both the bottom line and the top line. NGEBUTS demonstrates how they seize innovation opportunities, leverage regulations, and apply circular economy techniques to create a sustainable business model. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential of Indonesia's natural resources for renewable energy and job creation. While the study acknowledges the limitations of measuring long-term success, it concludes that NGEBUTS's vision, innovative ideas, and utilization of local resources position them as a leading example for companies to prioritize social and environmental factors to thrive in the current competitive landscape.

The Effects on the Hot Pot Industry Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic’s Outbreak in China

This article illustrates influences to catering industry especially hot pot industry during COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences of the economy from this event were undoubted severely and unfamiliar to all businesses. These firms were difficult to make profits since they had expanded too many offline restaurants and they could not afford the spending on a huge number of stores during the pandemic. In the process of exploring this situation, figures such as operation revenue and total liability are essential factors to having the results. There are two public hot pot companies, and this article applied their figures from annual reports. After collecting these data from the specific restaurants, the formula used for calculating year-on-year rate (YoY) is necessary to judge the consequence of pandemic. Besides these direct changes, both of these two corporations develop own methods to assist them to profit, and they can be seen that it is useful for these companies to survive in market. This essay can not only contain the negative effects of the pandemic to hot pot industry, but it also brings creative services to customers and benefits to entrepreneurs.

Impact of the Influence Factors for the Operating Profit of Companies from Romanian Agri-Business Sector

Abstract The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the influence factors for operating profit obtained by Romanian agriculture companies that have accessed bank loans in two consecutive years with major differences in results. The analysis was done for the year 2019 which was a very good one in term of production at national level and 2020 when the agriculture activity was affected by severe drought. The influence factors taken in consideration are turnover, equity and interest expenses. The purpose is to determine where a company is earning its profits or where is losing money and to predict the movement of the financial results considering that internal or external factors can change substantially. The research was carried out on a sample of 2220 companies from the Romanian agri-business sector. The size of the sample differentiates the study within the specialized literature. The relationship between variables was determined using a descriptive quantitative method and the multiple regression test using the SPSS software. The specialized literature is dominated by studies in which indicators are used in the form of rates, but the present study only uses indicators in absolute values. The operational income depends on the operational revenues and costs, but it is more important to observe the impact factors which can reflect the behavior of the shareholders as the level of equity or the interest expenses which can be influenced by external factors like inflation. According with the results obtained, the interest expenses have a significant influence on the operating profit and the negative effect can be amplified by decreases in turnover or equity. The effect of this relationship should be anticipated especially in the recession periods of the economy when the decrease in turnover can appear at the same time with the increase in interest cost.

Realizing the Benefits of Tanzania’s Standard Gauge Railway Flagship Project. A Marketing Mix Perspective

The Government of Tanzania has invested heavily in Flagship Projects specifically the nation's transport infrastructures to ensure that every part of the country is accessible. These include road and railway infrastructures, especially the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) which has been heavily invested in recently. Although many strategic options lead to the realization of the SGR project gains in terms of the number of passengers and freight carried, total operating cost, revenues, and high customer satisfaction, a marketing mix lens which involves the application of specific controllable marketing variables, leaves much to be desired. This study involved an intensive review of the literature and interviews with railway experts to determine and assess potential marketing mix benefits during the operations of the SGR project. Data were collected using an interview guide and analysed using the contents analysis technique. The study found that Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) must properly align the SGR service and overall corporations’ operations along the marketing mix elements of product, price, promotion, place, people, processes, and physical evidence for the realization of indirect benefits of SGR project. This can be possible through preparing marketing plans, communication, and marketing strategies to integrate the stated elements within the railway organizational setting.

Effect of Long-Term Absenteeism on the Operating Revenues, Productivity, and Employment of Enterprises

(1) Background: Previous studies have shown that absenteeism is negatively associated with employee-level performance, but we do not know how exactly absenteeism affects enterprise-level performance. To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigate how average long-term absenteeism affects Norwegian enterprises’ operating revenues and productivity. Also, we investigate if absenteeism decreases employment and whether operating revenues mediate the association. (2) Methods: We performed an enterprise-level dynamic unconditional quasi-maximum likelihood fixed-effects panel regression. (3) Results: The average share of long-term absenteeism nonlinearly decreases operating revenues and overall productivity at an increasing rate. The nonlinear effect may indicate deteriorating value creation among the share of employees largely not absent, but their productivity actually increases at an increasing rate. Thus, the overall findings indicate that the least productive employees first tend to opt out of the workforce, and as absenteeism increases, those subsequently opting out are otherwise increasingly productive. In parallel, those remaining in the workforce are increasingly productive. Absenteeism, moreover, decreases employment the following year, which is partly explained by revenue losses. However, enterprises cut their workforce due to factors beyond the impact of absenteeism on revenues.

ANALISIS PENGARUH NON-PERFORMING FINANCING, BEBAN OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL, CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, DAN FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA 13 BANK UMUM SYARIAH PERIODE 2013-2017

This study aims to examine the influence of Problematic Financing to Total Financing, Operational Costs to Operational Revenue, Capital Adequacy Ratio, and Financing to Deposit Ratio on Probability which is proxied by Return on Asset Ratio of Sharia Banks’ in Indonesia during 2013-2017. The sample that was used in this research is the population of Sharia Banks which had already registered at The Financial Services Authority during periods of 2013-2017. The method is used in this research is Panel Data Regression Analysis, and it is processed by the application of Eviews 10. The result of this research shows that Problematic Financing to Total Financing has a significant influence and negative on Return on Asset Ratio, Operational Costs to Operational Revenue has a significant influence and negative on Return on Asset Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio does not have any influence on Return on Asset Ratio, and and Financing to Deposit Ratio does not have any influence on Return on Asset Ratio.

ROLE OF WADIAH DEMAND DEPOSITS AND OPERATING INCOME ON THE NET INCOME PERFORMANCE OF SHARIA CENTRAL ASIA BANK (BCA)

This study looks at how operational revenue and wadiah demand deposits affect Bank Central Asia's (BCA) Syariah's net profit between 2016 and 2021. A total of 72 data points from monthly financial data reports from this time period make up the sample. The analysis uses the data analysis method known as Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Examining the connections between wadiah demand deposits, operating income, and net profit at BCA Syariah was the goal of this study. Customers who use wadiah demand deposits entrust their money to the bank for safekeeping as a particular kind of Islamic banking deposit. On the other side, operating income indicates the revenue from BCA Syariah's primary operational activities. The study offers important insights into the relationship between these variables by using SEM-PLS analysis. The findings show that wadiah demand deposits do not considerably affect net profit, proving that changes in these deposits do not significantly affect the profitability of the bank as a whole. But the study shows a statistically significant link between operational income and net profit. This result implies that variations in BCA Syariah's operating income have a direct impact on the company's net profit.

Application research on energy storage in power grid supply and demand regulation based on differentiated electricity prices

To solve the problem of safe and stable grid operation caused by the uncontrollability of renewable energy power generation with a high proportion, this paper focuses on the method of energy storage participation in grid supply and demand balance regulation based on differentiated electricity prices. From the perspective of demand-side and regulable resources, the paper investigates the method of using differentiated electricity prices to improve demand-side responsiveness and expand energy storage operation revenue, so as to explore and activate the potential of regulable resources in the grid. Firstly, the necessity and feasibility of considering differentiated electricity prices are analyzed. Secondly, a demand-side response and energy storage regulation model based on differentiated electricity prices is established, and the supply–demand balance regulation method considering differentiated electricity prices is proposed. Then, the supply–demand balance regulation process under two conditions before and after the implementation of differentiated electricity prices is compared and analyzed through case simulation. Finally, via the practical example, the effectiveness of the method is verified, and the proposed method is able to reduce the demand for energy storage by half in rated power and reduce the rated capacity of the energy storage to 8.66%.

Deep reinforcement learning for wind and energy storage coordination in wholesale energy and ancillary service markets

Wind energy has been increasingly adopted to mitigate climate change. However, the variability of wind energy causes wind curtailment, resulting in considerable economic losses for wind farm owners. Wind curtailment can be reduced using battery energy storage systems (BESS) as onsite backup sources. Yet, this auxiliary role may significantly weaken the economic potential of BESS in energy trading. Ideal BESS scheduling should balance onsite wind curtailment reduction and market bidding, but practical implementation is challenging due to coordination complexity and the stochastic nature of energy prices and wind generation. We investigate the joint-market bidding strategy of a co-located wind-battery system in the spot and Regulation Frequency Control Ancillary Service markets. We propose a novel deep reinforcement learning-based approach that decouples the system’s market participation into two related Markov decision processes for each facility, enabling the BESS to absorb onsite wind curtailment while performing joint-market bidding to maximize overall operational revenues. Using realistic wind farm data, we validated the coordinated bidding strategy, with outcomes surpassing the optimization-based benchmark in terms of higher revenue by approximately 25% and more wind curtailment reduction by 2.3 times. Our results show that joint-market bidding can significantly improve the financial performance of wind-battery systems compared to participating in each market separately. Simulations also show that using curtailed wind generation as a power source for charging the BESS can lead to additional financial gains. The successful implementation of our algorithm would encourage co-location of generation and storage assets to unlock wider system benefits.

Optimization of High-Speed Rail Express Transportation Plan Considering Products’ Variable Time Requirements

The global express market has expanded significantly in recent years. High-speed rail express freight transportation has been implemented between multiple cities in China, significantly improving transportation efficiency and effectively meeting demand. In this paper, an optimization model for HSR (high-speed railway) express transport plan is constructed using a space-time-state network, and an improved adaptive genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. Reasonable transport schemes could be arranged for each cargo flow with the objective of maximizing operational revenue. The numerical experiment based on the Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway in China verifies the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model. The results show that for HSR operators, appropriate transport strategies can be planned in terms of delivery priorities and transportation mode selection to make full use of the remaining capacity of HSR trains and increase operational revenue.

PENGARUH CADANGAN KERUGIAN PENURUNAN NILAI (CKPN), JUMLAH KREDIT YANG DIBERIKAN, DAN KONDISI PERMODALAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS

This research aims it know allowance for impairment losses as measured by loan loss provisioning, credit which given as measured by credit propotion, condition of capital as measured by the capital adequacy ratio, eficiency aperational as measured by operating Expenses to Operating Revenue and Liquidity as measured by loan to deposit ratio to profibility as measured by return on assets incompanies banking listed on OJK the for years 2018-2022. The sampling technique used in this research in purposive sampling method and obtain 28 banks. Types of data used was secondary data obtained from www.ojk.go.id analyzing data used a statistical data processing sofware EVIEWS 12.00 for windows. Based on the result of mutiple regression analyzing with a aignifiance level of 5%, the result of the study conclude: (1). Allowance for impairment losses has no effect on profitability on companies of banking listed on OJK with the ? coefficient is negative amounted to -0.033 and significant value 0.127 > 0.05, (2). Credit which given has a significant on profitability on companies of banking listed on OJK with the ? coefficient positive is -0.113 and significance value 0.127 < 0.05. (3). Condition of capital has on effect on profitability on companies of banking listed on OJK with the ? coefficient -0.113 and significance value 0.033 > 0.05.

Less-Crowded Tourism as Applied to Reviving Tourism Post-Covid-19 in Taram Village, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra through Asset-Based Community Development

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry. The decrease in the number of visitors has affected the revenue of tourism operators and the economy of the village community, especially in the tourism sector of Taram Village. The Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach is used to rebuild the tourism sector in the new normal era by optimizing the potential of Taram Village's outstanding tourism resources. Community support results in diversifying tourist destinations by adding variations and increasing the number of attractions, such as corn-based educational tours targeting the school-aged market segment. These support efforts have also been able to enhance the local economy through the optimization of the added value of sweet corn, transformed into pilus and gelamai products, which are culinary specialties of Taram Tourism Village. Implementing the ABCK application serves as a medium for developing Taram Tourism Village, thus achieving sustainable and resilient tourism development in Taram.

Feasibility Analysis Of Gsm-R System For Railways In Indonesia: Case Study Of Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train

High-speed railway technology development necessitates the development of a communication system that supports various components of train operation facilities, such as train control, safety communication, and others. The construction of fhigh-speed railway in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung area uses the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Level 3 signaling system, which makes the Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway (GSM-R) a wireless signaling network system. Because there are already existing GSM-based public telecommunications services, known as public GSM, on the same frequency used by a number of cellular operators in Indonesia, the use of GSM-R poses implementation challenges. This will result in reduced service quality and revenue for protected cellular network operators due to the use of these frequency bands to support the operation of high-speed railway services in Indonesia. In this study, an evaluation was carried out to look for other potentials from using the GSM 900 MHz frequency band, which can be used as an option to be implemented on high-speed trains in Indonesia. The research begins with calculating the estimated potential loss of revenue from using telecommunications network operators. This data will be analyzed in terms of the economic feasibility of several other frequency band choices for implementing the GSM 900 MHz frequency band on high-speed trains in Indonesia, so that it is hoped that this will become a new consideration that can become a solution and recommendation in the application and use of GSM-R technology in Indonesia.

The Technological Innovation Efficiency of China’s Renewable Energy Enterprises: An Estimation Based on a Three-Stage DEA Model

The advantages of clean, ecologically friendly, and renewable energy have drawn considerable attention from all nations in the world. The growth of the renewable energy industry has frequently been elevated to the status of national policy. By evaluating the technical innovation effectiveness of China’s renewable energy sector, the energy crisis may be alleviated, and the innovation potential of renewable energy can be boosted. At present, the research content of domestic renewable energy enterprises mainly adopts DEA and Cobb–Douglas production functions. Moreover, there is limited literature on the factors impacting efficiency, and most research results center on efficiency assessment. This study employs a three-step DEA method to determine the technological innovation efficiency for China’s A-share renewable energy firms from 2016 to 2020. To investigate the factors influencing technological innovation’s effectiveness, the panel Tobit model is then developed. In light of the empirical data, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows: First, despite a slow but steady improvement, Chinese renewable energy companies still need to increase their technological innovation efficiency. Pure technical efficiency is the main factor contributing to low innovation efficiency. Second, environmental laws such as reliance on global commerce, industrial structure, and local science and technology affect the innovation effectiveness of listed renewable energy enterprises. After excluding environmental factors, the comprehensive technical efficiency of listed renewable energy companies has decreased. Finally, the innovation and technological efficiency of renewable energy firms are positively impacted by government subsidies, top operational revenue, and enterprise scale.