Opening Date Research Articles

Variability in somatic growth over time and space determines optimal season-opening date in the Oregon ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) fishery

Growth variability is a key contributor to the dynamic productivity of populations. Thus, better understanding and accounting for variation in growth can improve both tactical and strategic management. Using ocean shrimp ( Pandalus jordani) from the U.S. West Coast as a case study, we demonstrate interactions between growth and optimal fishery opening dates. While the fishery opens on 1 April, industry often delays fishing to minimize catches of small shrimp. Understanding drivers of size-at-recruitment can help managers optimize opening dates and shrimpers plan their participation in this and other fisheries. Using three decades of fishery-dependent sampling, we built a spatially, temporally, and environmentally explicit Bayesian state-space model for shrimp size-at-age. Model outputs were then used to parameterize a revenue-per-recruit model and explore how variability in size-at-recruitment impacted optimal opening dates. Shrimp recruited at smaller sizes farther north. Delaying opening would likely benefit shrimpers in areas and years with smaller shrimp and higher fishing mortality. Broadly, choosing when to open the fishery is a complex decision requiring understanding of growth, but also recruitment, economic incentives, and life history.

Predicting Edwards Lifesciences Stock Prices Using Machine Learning Model

Predicting stock prices in the stock market is difficult work because the price can fluctuate up and down throughout the trading day, influenced by so many factors. However, the researchers can also use some advanced algorithms to capture the trajectory of the stock market as much as possible. This paper chooses the adjusted closing price as the stock price and aims to predict it for the next trading day based on opening prices, highest prices, lowest prices, volume, and date. Exploratory data analysis is conducted to explore hidden relationships in our stock data. Then, four machine-based learning models: linear regression, K-nearest, support vector machine, and random forest are applied to make predictions for our outcome: adjusted closing price. By comparing the root mean squared error, the model with the best performance is selected and treated as one of the candidates for future stock price prediction. Although these models are relatively fundamental and may not fully capture the complexities of stock prices, they provide a solid foundation for future work.

Selection favours high spread and asymmetry of flower opening dates within plant individuals

Abstract Natural selection on traits expressed repeatedly by individuals is usually investigated with a focus on mean values, although within‐individual trait distributions often differ also in other aspects, such as their spread and shape. In plants producing multiple flowers during a season, there might not be a single optimal flowering time, but rather an optimal distribution of flower opening dates. This optimal distribution might depend on both resource allocation patterns and interactions with the abiotic and biotic environment. In this study, we quantified mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of 495 individual flowering schedules (5287 flowers) over 3 years, and assessed phenotypic selection on these aspects of the within‐individual distribution of opening dates in the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. We also explored how selection on within‐individual variation in flowering schedules was related to effects on two fitness components: fruit set and the proportion of seeds escaping pre‐dispersal predation. Within‐individual variation in phenology was larger than, or at least similar to, among‐individual variation in all years. We found phenotypic selection on several aspects of individual flowering schedules. In 1 year, selection favoured plants with higher variance in opening dates, and this coincided with a higher fruit set in plants with an increased spread of the flowering schedule. In two of the study years, selection favoured a higher asymmetry of the flowering schedule, and plants with more right‐skewed distributions had higher fruit set and higher proportions of seeds escaping predation. Both fruit set and seed predation increased with an earlier mean flowering, resulting in no net selection on mean flowering date. Synthesis: Our results suggest that phenotypic selection on the spread and shape of flower opening date distributions might be at least as important as selection on the mean flowering date. In a broad sense, this implies that we should consider the entire trait distribution if we aim to understand the evolution of traits that are expressed multiple times within individuals.

Incidence and Outcomes of Hypertensive Phase After Glaucoma Drainage Device Surgery

To describe the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and long-term outcomes of a hypertensive phase (HP) after glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation. Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: Eyes that underwent implantation of their first GDD from January 2010 to October 2020 at a tertiary care center. HP was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg occurring at 2 consecutive visits in the first 90 days after the date of surgery for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) or in the first 90 days after tube opening for Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI). Generalized estimating equations and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate risk factors for HP and risk factors for failure of GDD surgery after occurrence of a HP. Incidence and risk factors for HP. Overall surgical success rates, defined as the absence of failure criteria: IOP >21 mmHg, ≤5 mmHg, or <20% reduction below baseline IOP after 3 months for 2 consecutive visits, with or without adjunctive ocular hypotensive therapy; additional glaucoma surgery; or loss of light perception. Among 419 eyes of 360 patients that underwent GDD implantation, 42 (10.0%) eyes developed HP. Onset of HP was 20.8±10.5 days after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve and 11.7±20.3 days from the date of tube opening after Baerveldt implantation. Mean IOP during HP was 26.5±3.2 mmHg with peak IOP of 30.0±5.9 mmHg. Median follow-up duration was 21.5 months after onset of HP. Younger age and neovascular glaucoma were significant risk factors for HP occurrence in a multivariable model. Resolution of HP occurred in 32 eyes (76.2%) after a mean duration of 48.0±53.0 days. Additional surgery with a second GDD or cyclophotocoagulation was performed for 12 eyes (28.6%). The overall success rate among eyes with a HP was 52.6% at 2 years, which was significantly lower than that observed among control eyes that did not experience HP (76.3%), P<0.01. The incidence of HP was 10.0%. Younger age and neovascular glaucoma were significant risk factors for HP in the multivariable model. The risk of surgical failure after HP is significantly higher compared to eyes that did not experience HP.

Cingulotomy for Intractable Pain: A Systematic Review of an Underutilized Procedure.

Pain management is a critical aspect of cancer treatment and palliative care, where pain can significantly impact quality of life. Chronic pain, which affects a significant number of people worldwide, remains a prevalent and challenging symptom for patients. While medications and psychosocial support systems play a role in pain management, surgical and radiological interventions, including cingulotomy, may be necessary for refractory cases. Cingulotomy, a neurosurgical procedure targeting the cingulate gyrus, aims to disrupt neural pathways associated with emotional processing and pain sensation, thereby reducing the affective component of pain. Although cingulotomy has shown promise in providing pain relief, particularly in patients refractory to traditional medical treatment, its use has declined in recent years due to advancements in non-destructive therapies and concerns about long-term efficacy and patient suitability. Modern stereotactic methods have enhanced the precision and safety of cingulotomy, reducing associated complications and mortality rates. Despite these advancements, questions remain regarding its long-term efficacy and suitability for patients with limited life expectancy, particularly those with cancer. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, aimed at providing insights into the efficacy, potential benefits, and limitations of this neurosurgical procedure in managing intractable pain. An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted with open database coverage dates. The review focused on outcomes such as pain intensity and quality of life. The inclusion criteria encompassed human studies of any age experiencing intractable cancer or non-cancer pain, with cingulotomy as the primary intervention. Various study designs were considered, including observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews focusing on pain and cingulotomy. Exclusion criteria included non-human studies, non-peer-reviewed articles, and studies unrelated to pain or cingulotomy. This review highlights the efficacy of stereotactic anterior cingulotomy in managing intractable pain, particularly when conventional treatments fail. Advanced MRI-guided techniques enhance precision, but challenges like cost and expertise persist. Studies included in this review showed significant pain relief with minimal adverse effects, although the optimal target remains debated. Neurocognitive risks exist, but outcomes are generally favorable. Expected adverse events include transient effects like urinary incontinence and confusion. Reoperation may be necessary for inadequate pain control, with a median pain relief duration of three months to a year. A double stereotactic cingulotomy appears to be safe and effective for refractory pain.

Trends of Opening and Closing date for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route in the Light of Changes in Ice Cover on the Seas of the Siberian Shelf in the Years 2008-2022

Trends of Opening and Closing date for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route in the Light of Changes in Ice Cover on the Seas of the Siberian Shelf in the Years 2008-2022

Examining the effect of salinity on dolphin mortality using Lagrangian particle tracking in a hydrodynamic model

Numerous dolphins are found dead on beaches and waterways of the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi Sound every year. In 2019 an unusual mortality event (UME) occurred when 337 deceased bottlenose dolphins were stranded between Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. According to NOAA, based on observations of skin lesions or distinct ulcerative dermatitis and other internal pathologic findings and the environmental conditions during that period of time, the identified cause of this UME was determined to be protracted exposure to low salinity waters. Dolphin carcasses are often found stranded on beaches days after they die. Consequently, their initial place of death is unknown. In this study, an existing 2D hydrodynamic model (EFDC+ 11.2) of the Mississippi Sound simulated by Armandei et al. (2021) was used to track dolphin carcass movement and to simulate salinity at the time and location of each predicted dolphin's death. Particles within the Lagrangian particle tracking module were used to represent the movement of 19 dolphin carcasses. A large number of particles (virtual dolphin carcasses) were seeded throughout the model domain and tracked for five days. These results were used to hindcast each dolphin's original location of death. The results indicate that the most likely place of death for 12 dolphins stranded on the beaches of Mississippi, along with the two found on Ship and Horn Islands, was west of their stranding location., For both of the dolphins stranded on Dauphin Island, the most likely place of death was in the Mobile Bay area north of where they were found. The remaining three dolphins found dead on barrier islands, most likely originally died in close proximity to their stranding locations. The average simulated salinity of all the dolphins' most probable original place of death was below five except for two cases. These results are compared to the salinity of the Mississippi Sound during Bonnet Carré spillway opening and non-opening dates. The results highlight the significant impact of the spillway's opening on the reduction of salinity and its association with dolphin mortality.

Oral Chemotherapy Adherence in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Report from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Protocol 16-001

Background: Successful treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) requires 2 years of risk-directed therapy, much of which is built on a backbone of oral chemotherapy including 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and dexamethasone (DEX). Studies conducted in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) demonstrate that poor adherence to 6MP during the maintenance phase confers increased relapse risk; however, little is known about the rates of 6MP adherence in non-COG ALL regimens. DFCI ALL Consortium protocols utilize 3-week cycles including 14-day pulses of 6MP with weekly intravenous or intramuscular methotrexate. This treatment approach requires more frequent contact between families and healthcare providers and reduces the number of oral chemotherapy agents prescribed. Whether this higher-touch regimen might reduce the frequency of non-adherence as compared to published COG data is not known. Additionally, there remains a paucity of data investigating incidence of non-adherence to DEX, 6MP, and to any medications during the first year of therapy. Methods: Oral chemotherapy adherence was prospectively evaluated as an embedded ancillary study on the DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 16-001. Eligible participants included English-, Spanish-, or French-speaking caregivers of patients (&amp;lt;22 years) receiving 6MP and DEX (both liquid and tablet formations) and did not utilize a pillbox. Adherence to 6MP and DEX were measured using Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS) caps, which record the date and time of medicine bottle opening. MEMS caps were used to measure adherence for three consecutive cycles during the first year of therapy, and again for three consecutive cycles during the second year of therapy. Caregivers completed surveys reporting sociodemographic determinants of health (SDOH), medication-taking behaviors, and chemotherapy comprehension. MEMS-based medication adherence rates were calculated as a percentage based upon the ratio of the number of days with MEMS cap openings to the number of days 6MP and/or DEX were prescribed. Adherent patients were defined as those with ≥95% adherence based on prior COG trials that observed an excess risk of relapse below this threshold (Bhatia JAMA Onc 2015). Results: Between 2018 - 2022, 252/429 (59%) eligible patients consented to study participation, and adherence data was successfully collected for 207 (82%). Sixty-six (26%) participants were enrolled from Canadian hospital centers, and 186 (74%) participants were enrolled from US hospital centers. Participant age included 159 (77%) &amp;lt;10 years of age, 31 (15%) 10 - 14 years, and 17 (8%) 15 - 21 years (see Table 1). Thirty-four (16%) patients identified as Hispanic, 13 (6%) non-Hispanic Black, 18 (9%) non-Hispanic Other, and 142 (69%) non-Hispanic White. 57 (31%) patients relied on public insurance at time of diagnosis, 61 (34%) patients reported a primary household language other than English, and 36 (20%) patients lived in lone-parent households. A third, 61 (34%) and 62 (34%), of caregivers reported being unsure of what would happen if their child stopped taking 6MP or DEX, respectively. Over the course of six cycles, MEMS-measured adherence rates to 6MP (N = 180) and DEX (N = 195) were 73% (range 21 - 100) and 86% (range 10 - 100), respectively. Preliminary data suggest that adherence rates to 6MP improved during year 2 of treatment (cycles 4-6 of monitoring) (Table 2). In unadjusted analyses, there was a non-significant association between patient age and likelihood of adherence to oral medication: adherence to 6MP was 71% in those &amp;lt;10 years, 80% in those 10 - 14 years, and 71% in those 15 years or older (Jonckheere-Terpstra test p = 0.66). Conclusion: Among a diverse cohort of patients treated with a DFCI ALL Consortium regimen, adherence to oral chemotherapy is suboptimal with rates of 73% to 6MP and 86% to DEX. This finding recapitulates published data from COG ALL trials, suggesting more frequent contact with healthcare providers in the DFCI Consortium protocol does not mitigate non-adherence. Numerical differences between age groups suggest patients ages 10 - 14 years (N=31) have higher adherence compared to patients both younger and older. These preliminary findings suggest that there may be a behavioral component when it comes to medication adherence - with barriers among young children differing from those in both younger and older adolescents.

Sex-dependent phenological responses to climate vary across species' ranges.

Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered the flowering times (i.e., phenology) of plants worldwide, affecting their reproduction, survival, and interactions. Recent studies utilizing herbarium specimens have uncovered significant intra- and inter-specific variation in flowering phenology and its response to changes in climate but have mostly been limited to animal-pollinated species. Thus, despite their economic and ecological importance, variation in phenological responses to climate remain largely unexplored among and within wind-pollinated dioecious species and across their sexes. Using both herbarium specimens and volunteer observations of cottonwood (Populus) species, we examined how phenological sensitivity to climate varies across species, their ranges, sexes, and phenophases. The timing of flowering varied significantly across and within species, as did their sensitivity to spring temperature. In particular, male flowering generally happened earlier in the season and was more sensitive to warming than female flowering. Further, the onset of flowering was more sensitive to changes in temperature than leaf out. Increased temporal gaps between male and female flowering time and between the first open flower date and leaf out date were predicted for the future under two climate change scenarios. These shifts will impact the efficacy of sexual reproduction and gene flow among species. Our study demonstrates significant inter- and intra-specific variation in phenology and its responses to environmental cues, across species' ranges, phenophases, and sex, in wind-pollinated species. These variations need to be considered to predict accurately the effects of climate change and assess their ecological and evolutionary consequences.

Medication intake reminders via a smartphone app improve real-world adherence to oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients

Abstract Introduction Treatment with oral anticoagulation (OAC) is one of the main pillars in managing atrial fibrillation (AF). Education and intake monitoring are recommended to improve therapy adherence to OAC. Over the past few years, the importance of smart devices has increased, opening up new potential for patient education and better patient follow-up. Purpose We wanted to evaluate the usage of a medication module of an in-house developed application, AF-EduApp, and its effect on patients’ therapy adherence to OAC. Methods The AF-EduApp multicenter study included 152 AF patients. The educational AF-EduApp contains, besides other modules, a medication module with the possibility to add a medication list. Patients also had the possibility to configure pill intake reminders which they could easily tick off. Adherence was calculated as the proportion of days that the medication was correctly taken, as indicated by the patient. This was compared with adherence measured by the Electronic Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS, Aardex Group, Liège), which formed the primary outcome of this study. The MEMS cap registered the date and time of bottle opening and was used at baseline and after 12 months, each time for a monitoring period of 3 months (M1 respectively M2). Regimen adherence was defined as the proportion of days with the correct number of openings as recorded by MEMS. Results The 152 patients (Age: 68.8 ±6.7 years; Time since AF diagnosis: 5.1 ±6.6 years) used the application on 130.1 ±144.7 days during a mean follow-up of 386.8 ±108.1 days. A total of 137 patients were on OAC, of whom 87 patients set a reminder for the OAC in their medication list. If based on checking off the reminder, patients had a median therapy adherence of only 5.6% (IQR: 0.2-64.3%). This contrasts with a high regimen adherence based on MEMS: in 84 patients who completed both monitoring periods, adherence was 94.5 ±7.0% at M1 and 94.1 ±6.6% at M2 (p=0.266 between M1 and M2). At M1, there was already a trend towards a significant difference in MEMS regimen adherence between patients who did or did not set a reminder (96.3 ±4.8% vs 93.1 ±8.0%, n=84; p=0.067). At M2, patients who set a reminder took their medication significantly better than those who did not (96.2 ±5.3% vs 92.6 ±7.1%; p=0.048) (Fig 1). Conclusion The medication module was used by most of the patients, and 63.5% installed an intake reminder for at least their OAC therapy. However, checking off reminders is rarely done and cannot be used to judge adherence. On the other hand, patients who installed a reminder had a significantly higher real-world regimen adherence for OAC compared to patients who did not set a reminder. Medication intake reminders can contribute to improving adherence to OAC therapy.MEMS based real-world regimen adherence

Creating a dataset of historic roads in Sydney from scanned maps

This study creates a historic dataset of road opening dates in Sydney. A method was developed for map digitization to extract spatial data from historic maps and place them in a collective vector layer. The method includes extensive georeferencing of the maps, as well as editing and cleaning the maps through raster and vector analysis. Preferred methods for map digitization used in the project were identified. For a considerable area of Sydney, in which approximately 52000 road links were included, almost half of the links were identified with an open date by the start of the twentieth century. A further half of these links were confined to opening within a thirty-year period. The project has established a strong foundation for a historic road dataset for Sydney. It has also outlined methods and procedures that can be followed to progress the dataset further.

Registering a proposed business reduces police stops of innocent people? Reconsidering the effects of strip clubs on sex crimes found in Ciacci & Sviatschi’s study of New York City

ABSTRACT Ciacci & Sviatschi’s ‘The Effect of Adult Entertainment Establishments on Sex Crime: Evidence from New York City,’ published in The Economic Journal, concluded that opening new adult entertainment businesses reduces sex crimes, with the most compelling finding that ‘[strip clubs, gentleman’s clubs, and escort services] decrease sex crime by 13% per police precinct one week after the opening.’ We contend that the study’s conclusions speak beyond the data, which cannot support these findings because they do not measure the necessary variables. The study uses the date a business is registered with New York State as a proxy for its opening date, but the actual date of opening comes weeks or months later, after requirements such as inspections, licensure, and community board approval. The study then uses police Stop, Question and Frisk Reports as data about subsequent crimes. As reports created to memorialize forcible police stops based on less than probable cause, 94% of these reports document that the police had an unfounded belief in criminal activity, and the person stopped was innocent of any crime. In effect, what the study has done is measure changes in police encounters with innocent people in the week after an entity has filed the paperwork that will eventually allow it to open as a business. The study lacks construct validity, cannot reject the null hypothesis of its most important finding, and its methods fall short of the rigor necessary to permit replication.

Quantifying Changes in Extent and Velocity of the Hornbreen/Hambergbreen Glacial System (SW, Spitsbergen) Based on Timeseries of Multispectral Satellite Imagery

This study focuses on the Hornsund region in Svalbard, where the temperature has risen by 1.14 °C per decade, six times faster than the global average. The accelerating temperature rise in the Arctic has had significant impacts on the Svalbard glaciers, including the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen system (HH system). The HH system connects Sørkapp Land with the rest of Spitsbergen, and its disintegration will lead to the formation of a new island. This study assesses the annual and seasonal changes in the velocity of the HH system and fluctuations of the position of the termini from 1985 to 2021 and their relationship with environmental factors. Furthermore, an assessment was made of the possible date of opening of the Hornsund strait. The study also investigates the impact of the radiometric resolution of satellite images on the quality of the velocity field and the detection of glacier features. Multispectral imagery was used to assess the velocity fields with Glacier Image Velocimetry (v 1.01) software, which uses the feature tracking method. In addition, the Glacier Termini Tracking plugin was used to acquire data on the fluctuating positions of the termini. The long-term mean annual velocity of the Hornbreen was 431 m a−1, while that of Hambergbreen was 141 m a−1. The peak seasonal velocity and fluctuations of the terminus position of Hambergbreen were delayed by approximately one month when compared to Hornbreen. Overall, air and sea surface temperatures influence the velocities and fluctuations of the termini, while precipitation plays a secondary role. If the recession continues, the Hornsund strait may open around 2053. An increase in the quality of velocity maps from 12.7% to 50.2% was found with an increase in radiometric resolution from 8 bit to 16 bit.

Predictive factors of long-term follow-up attendance in very long-term childhood cancer survivors.

Long-term follow-up (LTFU) clinics have been developed but only some childhood cancer survivors (CCS) attend long-term follow-up (LTFU). To identify factors that influence LTFU attendance. Five-year CCS treated for a solid tumor or lymphoma in Gustave Roussy before 2000, included in the FCCSS cohort (French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study), aged >18years and alive at the date of the LTFU Clinic opening (January 2012) were invited to a LTFU visit. Factors associated with attendance at the LTFU clinic between 2012 and 2020 were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Analyses included different types of factors: clinical (tumor characteristics, cancer treatments, late effects), medical (medical expenses were used as a proxy of survivor's health status), social (deprivation index based on census-tract data relating to income, educational level, proportion of blue-collar workers, and unemployed people living in the area of residence), and spatial (distance to the LTFU clinic). Among 2341 CCS contacted (55% males, mean age at study,45years; SD±10years; mean age at diagnosis,6years; SD±5years), 779 (33%) attended at least one LTFU visit. Initial cancer-related factors associated with LTFU visit attendance were: treatment with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR],4.02; 95% CI,2.11-7.70), bone sarcoma (OR,2.43; 95% CI,1.56-3.78), central nervous system primitive tumor (OR,1.65; 95% CI,1.02-2.67), and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (OR,2.07; 95% CI,1.34-3.20). Late effects (OR,1.70; 95% CI,1.31-2.20), highest medical expenses (OR,1.65; 95% CI,1.22-2.22), living in the most advantaged area (OR vs. the most deprived area=1.60; 95% CI,1.15-2.22), and shorter distance from LTFU care center (<12miles) also increased attendance. Patients who are apparently healthy as well as socially disadvantaged and living far away from the center are less likely to attend LTFU care. Among 2341 adult childhood cancer survivors contacted between 2012 and 2020, 33% attended at least one long-term follow-up visit. Clinical factors related to attendance were multimodal treatment of first cancer (combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy), stem cell transplant, type of diagnosis (bone tumor and central nervous system primitive tumor), late effects (at least one disease among second malignancy, heart disease, or stroke), and highest medical expenses. In addition, the study identified social and spatial inequalities related to attendance, with independent negative effects of distance and social deprivation on attendance, even though the medical costs related to the long-term follow-up examinations are covered by the French social security system.

Muscle MRI patterns for limb girdle muscle dystrophies: systematic review.

Limb girdle muscle dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders comprising more than 20 genes. There have been increasing efforts to characterize this group with Muscle MRI. However, due to the complexity and similarities, the interpretation of the MRI patterns is usually done by experts in the field. Here, we proposed a step-by-step image interpretation of Muscle MRI in LGDM by evaluating the variability of muscle pattern involvement reported in the literature. A systematic review with an open start date to November 2022 was conducted to describe all LGMDs' muscle MRI patterns. Eighty-eight studies were included in the final review. Data were found to describe muscle MRI patterns for 15 out of 17 LGMDs types. Although the diagnosis of LGMDs is challenging despite the advanced genetic testing and other diagnostic modalities, muscle MRI is shown to help in the diagnosis of LGMDs. To further increase the yield for muscle MRI in the neuromuscular field, larger cohorts of patients need to be conducted.

The Effects of Hazelnut Husk Supplementation on Silage Quality, Deterioration, and In Vitro Digestion Parameters in Second Crop Maize

The focus of this research was to investigate the effects of hazelnut husk on the low dry matter maize silage quality, microbial profile, deterioration, fiber components, and digestion parameters. Second crop maize was harvested at the milk stage of maturity (26,61% DM) and ensiled in laboratory silos with or without ground hazelnut husk. A total of 18 jars of silage were made utilizing two treatments (control silage and 15% hazelnut-contained silage), three different opening dates, and three replicates. All silage analyses were completed during all of the opening periods. Hazelnut husk increased (P

Agro-morphological traits assessment of Tunisian male date palms (Phœnix dactylifera L.) for preservation and sustainable utilization of local germplasm

Date palm (Phœnix dactylifera L.) like other crop species in the arid Mediterranean region is being threatened by genetic erosion and climate change. Therefore, the understanding and assessment of the diversity extent of this species is a primary requisite for preserving these crop resources. This study was designed to quantify the potential of Tunisian male date palms using a set of agro-morphological characteristics i.e. flowering traits, inflorescence morphology and pollen quality. The flowering time traits exhibited a trend of precocious phenotype at emergence spathe trait and the dominance of the full-season phenotype at the opening date. At inflorescence morphology, all observed traits expressed wide ranges which reflected the broad variability of the evaluated male genotypes. Significant difference was recorded for the majority of the examined traits with a high significant variation in the tree quantitative traits: Spathe Total Length, Spathe Maximum Width and Length to the brunched part. Pollen viability ranged from 51.10% to 98.75% while the germination rate was between 0.90% and 70.50%. Our phenotypic investigation has allowed the identification of males with desirable agronomic traits which have been genotyped using 18 nuclear SSR markers and a chloroplast minisatellite for preservation and effective utilization purposes.

Malaysian Consumers’ Reliance on Food Date Label

This study investigates Malaysian consumers’ reliance on food date label. Food regulations in most countries adopt food date labelling as indicator of safety, quality, and fitness. Open date labelling approach is used to supply the information to the consumers in making decision to purchase and when to consume the food. Despite its importance, there is yet a study on Malaysian consumers’ reliance on food date label. This study conducted a nationwide survey on 460 Malaysian consumers using convenience sampling technique. The findings of this study help towards the development of food information law and policy in Malaysia. Keywords: Food information, date label; consumers; reliance eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3820

Roads and Bridges Engineering School and Its First Regulation (1862)

Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda kurulan ilk sivil mühendislik okuludur. Okulun açılmasında başlıca etken ülkede yeni yol ve köprülerin inşası ve eskilerinin ıslah edilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan mühendislerin yetiştirilmesi düşüncesidir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak Tanzimat döneminde ülkenin mühendis ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla Ticaret Nezaretine bağlı bir sivil mühendislik okulunun açılması tasarlanmış hatta Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebi adıyla açılması tasarlanan bu okul için 1862’de bir de nizamname kaleme alınmıştır. Ancak sivil mühendislik mektebinin bu tarihte açılıp açılmadığı bilinmemektedir. Ne var ki yaygın görüş Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebinin 1874’te açıldığı yönündedir hatta 1874 yılı Türkiye’de sivil mühendislik eğitiminin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak kaynaklardan 1868’den itibaren Mülkiye Mühendis Mektebi adıyla bir sivil mühendislik okulunun faaliyet gösterdiği anlaşılmaktadır. 1868 ila 1871 arasında faaliyet gösteren ilk sivil mühendislik okulu sadece dört yıl eğitim-öğretime devam ettikten sonra kapatılmış 1874 yılında yeniden açılmıştır. Bu çalışmada arşiv kaynaklarından da yararlanılarak Türkiye’de sivil mühendislik eğitiminin başlangıç tarihine ve ilk sivil mühendislik okuluna dair yeni bazı tespitler yapılmaktadır. Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebinin 1862 tarihli söz konusu nizamnamesi de ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınacak okulla ilgili daha önce hiç temas edilmeyen kaynaklara dayanılarak yeni bilgiler verilecektir.

Multiple price bubbles in global major emission trading schemes: Evidence from European Union, New Zealand, South Korea and China

Emission trading scheme (ETS) is a flagship climate governance tool to achieve social minimum cost emission reduction target through market mechanism. If price bubble exists in the ETS, the achievement of emission reduction target and the resolution of market risks will be negatively impacted. This paper is one of the few, if not the first, to examine whether price bubble exists in fluctuating carbon prices in the global ETSs. In this study, supremum augmented Dickey–Fuller (SADF) and generalised SADF (GSADF) are adopted to statistically test the existence of price bubbles from the opening date to August 31, 2019 in the four ETSs in European Union, New Zealand, South Korea and Shenzhen of China. The time, frequency, severity and reasons of the emergence and termination of price bubbles in each carbon market are also analysed in detail. Results show that, 1) From the perspective of duration, significant differences exist in the duration of price bubbles amongst the four carbon markets. The price bubbles of European Union (EU), New Zealand and South Korea ETSs last for a long time, and most of the price bubbles last for >5 days. The price bubbles in Shenzhen ETS last for a short time, and the duration of all price bubbles does not exceed 3 days. 2) In terms of quantity, 8, 9, 3 and 4 price bubbles are detected in the four carbon markets in EU, New Zealand, South Korea and Shenzhen of China, respectively. 3) With regard to severity, price bubbles in EU ETS are the most serious. The main reason is that the industries being covered are the widest and the participating countries are the most in EU ETS, so EU ETS is easily impacted by industrial changes and policy adjustments in various countries. 4) The problems on price bubbles in the four ETSs are mainly closely related to macro economy, new and renewable energy, energy price and carbon market-related policies.