Open Unemployment Research Articles

Mengupas Kemiskinan di Provinsi Banten: Bagaimanakah Peran Faktor Kependudukan dan Ekonomi?

This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of population and economic factors on poverty in Banten Province for the 2011-2019 period. Population factors include population growth rate, population density, and sex ratio. Meanwhile, economic factors cover the open unemployment rate, HDI, and GRDP. With secondary data from the publication page of Statistics Indonesia in Banten Province, this research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach. To analyze the data, the study used panel data regression analysis. The econometric model was estimated using the Ridge Regression model to overcome the multicollinearity problem between variables in the study. The statistical test results showed that the variables of population growth rate, open unemployment rate, sex ratio, human development index, and GRDP were reported to simultaneously and significantly affect poverty in Banten Province during 2011-2019. Partially, several variables, such as population growth rate, open unemployment rate, and HDI each had a significant negative effect on poverty. Interestingly, other variables, like the sex ratio, had a significant positive effect on poverty. The variables of population density and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) did not affect poverty. This study indicated that to reduce poverty, the Banten Provincial government should focus on improving the quality of human resources. They should improve health, education, skills, and expertise. Thus, people can have the competence to compete and obtain better jobs, which in turn can increase their income and welfare. In this way, they are expected to get out of the poverty cycle.

Business analysis survey of independent campus entrepreneurship through exploration of interests, opportunities and challenges for students at the faculty of teacher training and education Khairun University

Universities as institutions producing graduates have the task of providing competency provisions to students. The number of college graduates has increased significantly over time, while the absorption capacity of the job market is very small. As a result, the open unemployment rate in Indonesia is quite high, reaching 9 - 10% and this includes the educated unemployed, university alumni. To overcome the high level of educated unemployment, it is deemed necessary to foster entrepreneurship among students. There are five main essences in entrepreneurship, namely: (1) a strong desire to work independently, have brilliant ideas, and be optimistic in trying, developing new, unique ideas, of interest to many people, especially in the economic field; (2) the ability to take risks and make decisions; (3) willingness to think and act creatively and innovatively; (4) willingness to work carefully, diligently and productively; (5) work with a spirit of togetherness and healthy business ethics. This research aims for the long term to produce an independent campus business/entrepreneurship model at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Khairun University. The short-term goal is to produce recommendations regarding student entrepreneurship on independent campuses. This research method consists of 2 stages, namely: stage 1) survey of the independent campus entrepreneurship model; stage 2) is dissemination and policy recommendations related to the development of student entrepreneurship on independent campuses, especially Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Khairun University. The research results show that students at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education have an interest in entrepreneurship and have quite strong self-efficacy as young entrepreneurs with an average presentation of 83%. The resulting recommendation is that there is a need for intensive coaching for students to understand and be able to entrepreneurship in accordance with the interests and needs of the times, namely digital entrepreneurship.

Pemodelan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Papua Barat dengan Pendekatan Binary Logistic Regression

Binary logistic regression model is a regression model used to predict the probability of a specific event occurring or not occurring based on predictor variable. In this model, the response variable is binary, meaning it has only two possible categories: a “failure”category and a “success” category. West Papua is included in the list of seven provinces that are the main focus of efforts to combat extreme poverty. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the factors that need to be considered in order to prevent an increase in the poverty rate. To identify the factors influencing the poverty rate in Papua Barat, the research method used is binary logistic regression modeling, which assesses the influence of independent variables on the poverty rate in West Papua. So the results obtained from this study are from three variables, namely the open unemployment rate, average per capita expenditure, and gross regional domestic product have a significant effect on the poverty rate in West Papua with a classification accuracy of 100%.

The Effect of Political and Economic Dimensions on Poverty in Indonesia

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence poverty of 33 province in Indonesia at 2010-2019. In this study using panel data regression using the Random Effect Model (REM). The independent variables used in this study consisted of the Indonesian Democracy Index (IDI), Economic Institutions, Regional Minimum Wage, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Open Unemployment Rate, Mean Years School and Life Expectancy. The results of the study show that simultaneously all independent variables have a significant effect on poverty variables in Indonesia and partially economic institution variables, mean years school, life expectancy, have a negative effect and open unemployment rate variables have a positive effect on poverty in Indonesia in 2010-2019. In addition, IDI, Regional Minimum Wage, GRDP have no significant effect on poverty in Indonesia in 2010-2019.

Analysis of the Factors That Influence the Level of Open Unemployment in the Province of Bali

This research was conducted against the background of the fluctuating open unemployment rate in Bali Province. The unemployment rate is very important to measure the success rate of economic development in a region. A high unemployment rate in a region indicates low economic growth in the region. The increase in the unemployment rate is also influenced by the minimum wage. Therefore, this study wants to analyze the relationship between the district or city minimum wage, economic growth, dependency ratio, and employment opportunities and the open unemployment rate in Bali Province. This research was conducted in the regencies and cities of Bali Province from 2011 to 2022, with 108 observations. The data collec tion method used is a literature study with secondary data. This research uses panel data models and multiple linear analysis techniques. The panel data model selected in this study is the Random Effect Model (REM). The results of this study indicate that district/city minimum wage, economic growth, dependency ratio, and employment opportunities simultaneously affect the open unemployment rate in Bali Province. Partially, district/city minimum wage, economic growth, and dependency ratio have a negative and significant effect on the open unemployment rate in Bali Province. Partially, employment opportunities have a positive and insignificant influence on the open unemployment rate in Bali Province.

Analysis Determination Open Unemployment in Cities/Regencies East Java Province

This study aims to analyze variables that affect the open unemployment rate in East Java Province for the period 2017 – 2022, including Economic Growth, Inflation, Wage Rate, and Education. This research uses quantitative methods with data collection methods from a number of publications of related agencies, namely BPS East Java Province. The specification that the data used in this study is panel data for the period 2017 – 2022 with details of the number of observations as many as 5 cities/regencies in East Java Province. The results of this study show that simultaneously Economic Growth, Inflation, Wage Rate and Education have an influence on Open Unemployment. However, partially the variables Inflation and Education do not have an influence on the variable Unemployment, while Economic Growth and Wage Rate have an influence on the variable unemployment. The results of this study show that to reduce the open unemployment rate can be done by increasing the rate of economic growth, consistently increasing the wage level

POVERTY PANEL DATA MODELING IN SOUTH SUMATERA

Poverty is still a major problem on Sumatra's island, despite abundant natural resources potential, such as mining and plantation products. Sumatra Island consists of 10 provinces divided into three regions: Northern Sumatra, Central Sumatra, and Southern Sumatra. The island of Sumatra has the highest number of poor people in the Southern Sumatra region, which reaches 2.88 million people. Poverty is an integrated concept with five dimensions: poverty, powerlessness, vulnerability to emergencies, dependency, and alienation, both geographically and sociologically. One method that can be used to analyze poverty data problems is panel data regression analysis, which combines two data, namely cross-sectional data and time series data. It is expected to produce more in-depth and comprehensive information, both the interrelationships between the variables and their development within a certain period. The panel data was related to poverty and included 60 districts in the southern Sumatra region from 2018 to 2020. This study aimed to model poverty panel data in Southern Sumatra. Three estimation methods were used in the panel data regression, including the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM. The results of the model specification test show that the best model for estimating the percentage of poor people in the Southern Sumatra region is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), with a value of R2 = 75.57%. The results of the significance test show that the variables that significantly influence the percentage of poverty in the Southern Sumatra region using the FEM model are the open unemployment rate (), life expectancy (), and the average length of schooling ().

Robust Spatial Durbin Model Untuk Pemodelan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Unemployment is still a very crucial problem faced by the Indonesian state. The Central Bureau of Statistics noted that the number of unemployed in Indonesia in 2019 was 4.44 percent, an increase of 2.04 percent in 2020. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of the spatial pattern and modeling the open unemployment rate in Central Java Province. Removing outliers in spatial analysis can change the composition of the spatial effects on the data. One method of solving due to outliers in the spatial regression model is using spatial robust regression. Robust Spatial Durbin Model method which is one of the methods used when spatial outliers occur. The results showed that there are spatial pattern characteristics and modeling for each dependent and independent variable which are different from the independent variables which are mutually correlated. In addition, the RSDM model is a better model than the OLS and SDM models in modeling the Open Unemployment Rate in Central Java Province in 2021 because it has an R2 value of 49.85% and the smallest AIC value of 22,563.

SPATIAL MODELING IN DATA PANELS WITH LEAST SQUARE DUMMY VARIABLE TO IDENTIFY FACTORS AFFECTING UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA

Unemployment is a serious issue that must be addressed. Unemployment has a negative impact on the national economy, making economic growth unpredictable. In 2015, Indonesia was ranked third with the highest unemployment rate in ASEAN. It is estimated that the unemployment rate in each province of Indonesia is influenced by the surrounding provinces. Therefore, spatial modelling on panel data with Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) is needed to identify factors that influence unemployment in Indonesia. The data used is Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) data and influencing factors are population, average length of schooling, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) rate, and Human Development Index (HDI) in 34 provinces of Indonesia from 2015 to 2020. Spatial model on panel data with appropriate LSDV for OUR data are Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM). The SAR model with fixed effects has an value of 90.289%, which is greater than the SEM model with fixed effects (82.708%) and LSDV model (87.864%). The root mean square error value for SAR model with fixed effects is 0.58951, less than SEM model with fixed effects (0.78669) and LSDV model (0.65903). The best model is the SAR model with fixed effects. Based on this model, the factors that influence OUR in Indonesia from 2015-2020 are obtained, namely the rate of GRDP and HDI.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Upah Minimum Dan Pengangguran Terbuka Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Sarolangun

Poverty occurs when a person or group is unable to achieve a level of economic prosperity that is considered the minimum requirement for a certain standard of living. Poverty is born with the limitations of certain people in meeting their needs. The author identifies the problems of this study as follows: Education affects the poverty rate in Sarolangun Regency, Minimum Wage affects the poverty rate in Sarolangun Regency, and open unemployment affects the poverty rate in Sarolangun Regency. Sample determination in quantitative research The total population is 298,091 people, the population is obtained from the total population data of Sarolangun Regency in 2022 Sarolangun Regency. The number used was obtained as a result of calculations with the Yamane formula totaling 100 respondents. The results of the study are (1) education has a positive effect on poverty, (2) minimum wage has a positive effect on poverty (3) open unemployment rate has a positive effect on poverty.

GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED RIDGE REGRESSION MODELING AT THE OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN WEST KALIMANTAN

Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression (GWRR) is a development of ridge regression by adding a weighting element as additional information. GWRR is used to overcome spatial data containing local multicollinearity by modifying the ridge regression and GWR. The purpose of this study was to construct the GWRR model and analyze the effectiveness of the GWRR model in overcoming multicollinearity problems in spatial data. The research data used consists of response variables, namely the value of the open unemployment rate $(Y)$ in districts/cities of West Kalimantan Province in 2021 and the explanatory variables used are district/city minimum wage $(X_1)$, population $(X_2)$, percentage of poor population $(X_3)$, labor force $(X_4)$, and average years of schooling $(X_5)$. The analysis process was first carried out by using multiple linear regression modeling and GWR modeling. After that, centering and scaling transformations were carried out on the data, followed by GWRR modeling to overcome the problem of multicollinearity in spatial data. After all the models were obtained, a model comparison was made in terms of the MSE value. Based on the results of the study, 14 GWRR models were obtained by dividing into three regional groups based on the factors that affect the open unemployment rate for each district/city in West Kalimantan Province. In the comparison of the models used, when viewed from the MSE value, the GWRR model has the highest MSE value compared to the linear regression model and the GWR model. Even though the MSE value in the GWRR model is the largest among the three models, in the GWRR model the problem of multicollinearity can be resolved.

The Development of Digital Technology and Its Impact on Indonesia’s Economic Growth

Currently, the world is in the industrial revolution 4.0 (digitalization) phase, which affects the economic conditions of each country. This study aims to analyze the development of digital technology in Indonesia and its impact on Indonesia's economic growth. Descriptive and panel data analysis for 2018-2021 are used to answer the research objectives. The study results show that Indonesia's economic growth in 2018–2021 shows fluctuating conditions. Meanwhile, the development of digitalization in Indonesia tends to increase every year. The study's results also found that the development of digital technology positively affected Indonesia's economic growth. The variables of investment, road length infrastructure, education index, and labor force participation rate also positively affect Indonesia's economic growth. In contrast, the open unemployment rate variable has a negative effect on Indonesia's economic growth Keywords: digitalization, economic growth, infrastructure, panel data, technology

Determinants of poverty and income inequality on the islands of Sumatra and Java

Poverty and inequality are the main problems faced by a country including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the comparison of poverty and inequality levels on the islands of Sumatra and Java and to analyze the effect of the human development index (HDI), gross regional domestic product (GRDP), the level of open unemployment (TPT) and total population on poverty and income distribution inequality in Sumatra and Java. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with multiple regression analysis using panel data with provincial research objects on the islands of Sumatra and Java. Based on the results of the study, if you look at the comparison of the poverty rate on the island of Sumatra and Java, based on the data, it can be seen that the average poverty rate on the island of Sumatra is 10.6%, which is higher than the average poverty rate on the island of Java, which is 8.8%. while the level of inequality in income distribution on average in Sumatra is 0.327, lower than the average income distribution inequality in Java, which is 0.393. The regression results show that on the island of Sumatra the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and inequality, GRDP has a significant negative effect on poverty and poverty has a positive effect on inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. Total population is not significant to poverty and inequality. While the regression results on the island of Java show that the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. GRDP has no significant effect on poverty and inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. And population has no significant effect on poverty and inequality.

Pengaruh Angkatan Kerja dan Investasi terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto di Provinsi Lampung

This study aims to determine the impact of employment, open unemployment, and domestic investment on the economic growth of Lampung Province in Indonesia. The research sample consisted of data from Lampung Province in the first quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2022. The data source was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Lampung. Regression analysis using EViews 10 was used to analyze secondary data and time series in this study. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, which proved to be the most effective method. The results of the study show that the variables of labor, open unemployment, and domestic investment have a significant influence on economic growth. This research is a valuable reference and provides insight for further exploration, helping to understand the impact of employment, open unemployment, and domestic investment on economic growth in Lampung Province.

PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI ANALISIS KORELASI BERBASIS EXCEL (STUDI KASUS: PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN)

The purpose of this research is to develop an Excel-based Correlation Analysis application that can be used by students, lecturers, and researchers as an alternative that can be used to carry out tests by making it easier for users to analyze and draw conclusions. This research was conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method to produce products through a development process with a 4D development model which includes Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate. The instruments used were expert validation sheets and student questionnaires. Based on the assessment of the application developed, the results of the expert validation obtained an average value of 3.80 or a percentage of 94.44% which is included in the very valid category. The results of a limited scale trial of 5 final year students showed results with an average percentage of 93.5% which was included in the very practical category and deserved to be disseminated. Furthermore, the application is implemented directly to real problems with a case study of the effect of population growth on the unemployment rate in the city of Medan and btained the result that the correlation between the effect of population growth (X) and the number of open unemployment (Y) in the city of Medan is very strong, where the rxy value is 0.82 and the effect between the X variable on the Y variable is 66.7377% with a ttable value of 2.78 and tcount of 3 so that the correlation is significant.

Post COVID-19 Pandemic Employment Challenges and Indonesia's Opportunities to Take Advantage of the Demographic Bonus

Human resource development has become a priority for the Government of Indonesia 2019-2024 period with the aim of producing a competent, resilient, productive, and competitive workforce. The Ministry of Manpower has set Nine Big Leaps (9 Lompatan) to achieve this goal, which consists of: 1) BLK transformation; 2) Employment Link and Match; 3) Transformation of Job Opportunities Expansion Program; 4) Development of Young Talents; 5) Foreign Job Markets Expansion; 6) New Vision of Industrial Relations; 7) Labor Inspection Reform; 8) Development of Employment Digital Ecosystem; and 9) Bureaucratic Reform. The COVID-19 pandemic that stormed the world at the end of 2019 and entered Indonesia in the second quarter of 2020 had changed everything. Conditions and structure of the economy were shaken violently, as well as the employment sector, both in Indonesia and globally, experienced quite difficult and challenging times. The open unemployment rate had been increasing in Indonesia, especially for experienced workers, indicating that there had been terminations of employment (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja) due to the pandemic. Even though Indonesia's pandemic conditions have been slowly improving, the impact on the employment sector remains significant. The pandemic condition improvement has opened up opportunities for the Indonesian economy to bounce back, which still remains to be wary of the possibility of a K-shaped recovery, in which the middle to lower economic group will get an economic downturn whilst the middle to the upper economic group will prosper. To prevent this, Indonesia needs to ensure that the recovery that occurs is an inclusive economic recovery that improves the quality, competitiveness, and productivity of its workforce. Education level and job mismatch are still challenges that must be faced. In addition, Indonesia must maximize its demographic benefits by increasing the quality and productivity of its workforce to encourage inclusive economic growth while monitoring potential future demographic and employment threats. This 2023 Employment Outlook was prepared with its primary objective of reviewing employment developments and dynamics in Indonesia from 2019 to 2022; analyzing the issues and challenges faced in employment in 2023, especially in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic which is starting to recede; and formulating Indonesia's employment development strategy for its future.

Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, IPM, dan PDRB terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali Tahun 2018-2022

Purpose: This paper aims to determine the effect of the open response rate, Human Development Index, and GRDP on poverty in the level II regions of Bali Province in 2018-2022.
 Research methods: The research consists of four variables consisting of one dependent variable and three independent variables. The data used are secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and journals. The data processed is quantitative data from 2018-2022 used SPSS ver. 25.
 Results and discussions: 84.20% of poverty is influenced by the open unemployment rate, human development index, and GRDP, while 15.80% is influenced by other variables. Unemployment rate has a positive effect on poverty, human development index has a negative effect on poverty, and GRDP has a positive effect on poverty.
 Implication: This research is limited to independent variables such as the Human Development Index, Open Unemployment Rate, and GRDP. Therefore, the development of this research can still be carried out by including other variables that do not exist in this study. In addition, future researchers can also expand the object of research in the form of regions in Indonesia and use other methods to see the effect of the variables studied.

Politik Hukum Pengalokasian Program Padat Karya Dengan Menggunakan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah di Kota Surabaya

Abstract: The Covid-2019 pandemic has caused Surabaya's economy to experience a slowdown in growth. The poverty rate for the City of Surabaya increased from the previous year in 2020 of 5.02%, increasing to 5.23% or 152,489 poor people in the City of Surabaya (2021) with 314,837 families registered as MBR. One of the programs in the city of Surabaya in facilitating the poor and unemployed to be competitive and independent in improving their welfare is to establish a Work-Intensive Program designed to involve Low-Income Communities (MBR) in managing assets owned by the Surabaya City Government. Purpose: This study aims to provide views and legal accountability in optimizing the implementation of the 2023 Surabaya City Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) through the Padat Karya Program in alleviating poverty and reducing the open unemployment rate in the City of Surabaya. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research methods uses normative juridical research methods based on juridical aspects such as: norms, laws and regulations, and legal theories related to the authority to allocate the education budget obtained from scientific works, books, online media, and so on related to the object the research studied. Findings: Problems arise because development issues or problems in the City of Surabaya are in addition to continuing to handle and recover the economic and social impacts due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the problem of the City of Surabaya is that the fulfillment of employment opportunities and employment has not been optimal in reducing unemployment and poverty rates exists so that a local government policy is needed by establishing the Labor Intensive Program using APBD funds. Originality/Value: This research attempts to discuss the legal reasons for the Surabaya City Government in allocating the Padat Karya program using APBD funds in the City of Surabaya as well as the legal responsibility for the Surabaya City government for allocating the Padat Karya program using APBD funds in the City of Surabaya based on Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019.

Investment, Islamic Human Development Index and Banking Financing on Economic Growth and Their Impact on Labor Absorption

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of investment, the Islamic Human Development Index and banking financing on the economic growth of the districts/cities of North Sumatra province and to analyze the effect of economic growth in mediating the effect of investment, the Islamic Human Development Index and banking financing for employment in the districts/cities of North Sumatra province. The use of the path analysis method with economic growth as the intervening variable results that in total the indirect effect of investment, banking financing and the Islamic Human Development Index through the intervening variable of economic growth on the Open Unemployment Rate is significant, which means that Economic Growth is able to mediate the effect of Investment, Banking Financing and Islamic Human Development Index on the Open Unemployment Rate in Regencies/Cities of North Sumatra Province during 2015-2019. The amount of direct influence between all variables used, namely, Economic Growth to the Open Unemployment Rate is 90 percent, where the magnitude of the direct influence between all the variables used, namely; Investment, Banking Financing and Islamic Human Development Index on Economic Growth is 95.96 percent. Economic growth as an intervening variable is able to mediate the effect of Investment, Banking Financing and the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) on the Open Unemployment Rate and Wage Workers, Banking and Islamic Human Development Index on Workers' Wages, Banking and Islamic Human Development Index on Workers' Wages. The influence of economic growth on the open unemployment rate is positive and significant and the influence of economic growth on workers' wages is negative and significant. The direct influence of economic growth on workers' wages is 89.87 percent.

Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan Pengangguran Terbuka terhadap Jumlah Kemiskinan di Provinsi Bali

Poverty is defined as being trapped in a series of difficult situations that make it difficult to survive and meet the general standards of society. During the last decade, poverty has become a serious discussion both nationally and internationally. In the Province of Bali itself, poverty is something that is classified as a relatively classic problem. In general, the poverty rate in Bali Province has fluctuated both in terms of numbers and percentages. Therefore, this study was to analyze the effect of minimum wages, human development identification and open unemployment on the amount of poverty in Bali Province with the vulnerable years used from 2012 to 2021. The data source in this study is secondary data obtained from The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the Province of Bali and the UNTAB Library. The data analysis technique used in this study is the classical assumption test method, the coefficient of multiple determination, multiple linear regression, t test and F test. The results of the study show that the minimum wage has a partially significant and negative effect on poverty in the Province of Bali. The Human Development Index has a partial and significant negative effect on poverty in the Province of Bali. Open unemployment has a positive and partially significant effect on poverty in the Province of Bali. Minimum wages, human development index and open unemployment have a positive and real effect simultaneously on poverty in Bali Province