Open Source Internet Of Things Research Articles

A Novel Combination of Distributed Ledger Technologies on Internet of Things: Use Case on Precision Agriculture

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an enabling technology for numerous initiatives worldwide such as manufacturing, smart cities, precision agriculture, and eHealth. The massive field data aggregation of distributed administered IoT devices allows new insights and actionable information for dynamic intelligent decision-making. In such distributed environments, data integrity, referring to reliability and consistency, is deemed insufficient and requires immediate facilitation. In this article, we introduce a distributed ledger (DLT)-based system for ensuring IoT data integrity which securely processes the aggregated field data. Its uniqueness lies in the embedded use of IOTA’s ledger, called “The Tangle”, used to transmit and store the data. Our approach shifts from a cloud-centric IoT system, where the Super nodes simply aggregate and push data to the cloud, to a node-centric system, where each Super node owns the data pushed in a distributed and decentralized database (i.e., the Tangle). The backend serves as a consumer of data and a provider of additional resources, such as administration panel, analytics, data marketplace, etc. The proposed implementation is highly modularand constitutes a significant contribution to the Open Source communities, regarding blockchain and IoT.

An Interoperable Access Control Framework for Diverse IoT Platforms Based on OAuth and Role.

Due to the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), IoT platforms that can provide common functions for things are becoming increasingly important. However, access control frameworks in diverse IoT platforms have been developed for individual security goals, designs, and technologies. In particular, current OAuth-based access control frameworks that are widely used in IoT research have not been providing interoperability among IoT platforms even though sharing resources and services is a critical issue for IoT platforms. Therefore, we analyze the main requirements for an IoT access control framework to properly design our framework and propose an interoperable access control framework based on OAuth 2.0 and Role. Our approach describes a new extended authorization grant flow to issue an Interoperable Access Token (IAT) that has a global access scope across IoT platforms using multiple pairs of clients’ credentials. With the IAT and proposed framework, we can access client-specific domains in heterogeneous IoT platforms, then valuable resources (e.g., data and services) in the domains can be accessed by validating the roles, which will greatly simplify permission management. Furthermore, IAT supports a simple token management (e.g., token issuance, refreshing, and revocation) by managing only one token for diverse IoT platforms. In addition, we implement our interoperable access control framework on Mobius and FIWARE, which are promising open-source IoT platforms, and test an interoperability scenario to demonstrate our approach with the implementation. Furthermore, the proposed framework is compared with other IoT access control approaches based on the selected requirements in this paper.

Vehicle Accident Alert System

In today's world, as we know the frequency of road accidents has exponentially increased. Whenever we see the news or read newspaper, we find at least one case of road accident every day. Road accidents are a serious issue all over the world. Recent survey suggests that 650,000 accidents happen around the world on an average, out of which 140,000 occur in India. In every six minutes there is one death in India, due to road accidents. There is no system for quick support, identification and proclamation regarding an accident. In this paper we are providing prime solution to this limitation. The aim of our paper is to detect an accident as soon as it occurs and to contact the emergency services and respective family members and friends so that proper action can be taken in quick time to avoid fatal loss. This system is implemented using the open source Internet of Things (IOT) platform Node MCU. Once the accident has occurred Node MCU gets activated and it sends the location of the accident using Blynk application to the emergency services and provided emergency contacts immediately.

Novus-io: An Internet of Things Platform for Academic Projects

Internet of things (IoT) is based on a global dynamic information network with cloud services where a great number of devices (things) exchange data to provide added-value services and products. There are several commercial and open source IoT platforms available in the market to connect devices to internet; however, they have cost and operational constraints that make them not suitable for academic projects. In this work, an IoT platform, known as Novus-io, is introduced in order to support academic projects for undergraduate students. With this platform and proper training, undergraduate students from different majors (not only from information technology and electronics) are capable to upgrade their school projects with IoT functionalities. The objective of this approach is to provide to any undergraduate student skills and knowledge on IoT, so they will be prepared, in their imminent step toward professionalism, to understand the relevance of digital services in today´s world.

SoEasy: A Software Framework for Easy Hardware Control Programming for Diverse IoT Platforms.

Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications are emerging and evolving rapidly thanks to widespread open-source hardware platforms. Most of the high-end open-source IoT platforms include built-in peripherals, such as the universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART), pulse width modulation (PWM), general purpose input output (GPIO) ports and timers, and have enough computation power to run embedded operating systems such as Linux. However, each IoT platform has its own way of configuring peripherals, and it is difficult for programmers or users to configure the same peripheral on a different platform. Although diverse open-source IoT platforms are widespread, the difficulty in programming those platforms hinders the growth of IoT applications. Therefore, we propose an easy and convenient way to program and configure the operation of each peripheral using a user-friendly Web-based software framework. Through the implementation of the software framework and the real mobile robot application development along with it, we show the feasibility of the proposed software framework, named SoEasy.

An Internet of Things Architecture for Cloud-Fit Professional Media Workflow

Flexibility, agility, and scale are key benefits of moving media production infrastructure to the cloud and/or commodity data center platforms, enabling content providers to respond to changing consumer habits. This includes new formats and new propositions, such as personalized immersive social television. Can a lift and shift approach—deploying existing production tools designed for enterprise computing environments into the cloud—deliver these benefits? This paper presents an alternative architecture that is designed to be cloud-fit, using a software-only approach for deploying dynamic software infrastructure. This paper starts by outlining both the benefits and constraints of cloud-based systems, including issues related to virtualized systems being inherently non-realtime. An architecture that overcomes these limitations is then presented, along with an approach for dealing with security and scaling. This consists of a combination of mainly IT tool sets (e.g., monitoring tools, orchestration engines, cloud application programming interfaces, and automated software deployment) with media-specialist software components. An instance of this architecture has been created using an open source Internet of Things wiring tool. This is being trialed as part of the British Broadcasting Corp. (BBC) Northern Ireland’s internet protocol proof-of-concept activity, working jointly with Streampunk Media and Cinegy through Advanced Media Workflow Association Labs. The lab environment has enabled the testing and measurement of aspects of this approach, including gesture-based control (e.g., via smartphone/tablet), HTTPS media transport, fast networking with consumer devices, and virtual infrastructure replacing traditional hardware solutions—including a virtual video mixer. Results from the lab are presented, along with a description and pointer to the open source tools used to produce the results, further analysis, and next steps.

VITAL-OS: An Open Source IoT Operating System for Smart Cities

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has lead to increased possibilities for novel human-centric services in smart cities. Nevertheless, existing IoT platforms for smart cities do not provide the means for integrating data and services from different IoT deployments, which is a prerequisite for several smart city applications such as holistic urban planning, tracking of city-wide APIs and integration of deployments at the level of neighbourhoods or communities in the cities. Hence, smart city projects tend to be fragmented, leading to disaggregated application silos. In order to alleviate this fragmentation and enable more integrated applications, there is a need to enable city authorities and application developers to see IoT systems as part of an integrated whole, allowing optimal use of existing infrastructure and achieving more than what these independent systems can do in isolation. This article presents the VITAL-OS, an IoT operating system for smart cities that facilitates access and control of the city infrastructure, resources and sensor networks, with abstraction and tools that can additionally be used by developers to create new applications using available data to empower citizens. VITAL-OS facilitates the semantic interoperability of diverse vertical IoT deployments in smart cities and enables integrated management of IoT resources as well as rapid development of cross-platform and cross-context IoT applications for smart cities. In this way, VITAL-OS provides a unique value proposition when compared to conventional IoT platforms for smart cities.

IoT Enabled Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) using Raspberry Pi

Background/Objectives: Air pollution due to vehicular and industrial emission has become menace to the living beings. Due to this menace both indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring in real time has become mandatory. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and Single Board Computers (SBC) has made real time remote monitoring as a ubiquitous process. Remote monitoring was facilitiated using classical motes in the past, which has some pitfalls like limited memory, processsing speed and complex programming strategies. This paper portrays the usage of SBC for integration of IoT with WSN for Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS), where SBC are capable of performing even complex task with enhanced speed and reduced complexity. The integration of cloud services with SBC makes alerting process smart and realtime. Findings: With the review and realizing of immense literature in the field of WSN for air quality management, the design of sensor web node becomes essential. The evolution of SBC adds merit towards monitoring and measuring of the critical factors in centralized Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) in any plant. Sensor web node is proposed with commercial gas sensors for detecting the gases like CO, CO 2 , NH 3 and NOx to monitor both indoor and outdoor air quality. The observed results are properly evaluated using ThingSpeak open source IoT platform. The integration of open source cloud services for SBC in this proposed prototype model confirms low cost, comfort, convenience and rapid prototyping for flexible AQMS. Applications/Improvements: This prototype can be easily adapted to any monitoring systems with minor changes and can be made scalable for tomorrow.