Open Repositories Research Articles

FAIR EVA: Bringing institutional multidisciplinary repositories into the FAIR picture

The FAIR Principles are a set of good practices to improve the reproducibility and quality of data in an Open Science context. Different sets of indicators have been proposed to evaluate the FAIRness of digital objects, including datasets that are usually stored in repositories or data portals. However, indicators like those proposed by the Research Data Alliance are provided from a high-level perspective that can be interpreted and they are not always realistic to particular environments like multidisciplinary repositories. This paper describes FAIR EVA, a new tool developed within the European Open Science Cloud context that is oriented to particular data management systems like open repositories, which can be customized to a specific case in a scalable and automatic environment. It aims to be adaptive enough to work for different environments, repository software and disciplines, taking into account the flexibility of the FAIR Principles. As an example, we present DIGITAL.CSIC repository as the first target of the tool, gathering the particular needs of a multidisciplinary institution as well as its institutional repository.

African ʿAjamī Library Project: A Ten-Year Retrospective

Abstract This article provides an in-depth look at the past ten years of the African ʿAjamī Library project, founded and led by Dr. Fallou Ngom, Professor of Anthropology and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University, with the goal to serve as a digital continental open access public repository of aggregated digitized ʿAjamī texts from non-Europhone Africa. With over 31,400 pages of manuscripts – hosted at Boston University’s institutional repository, OpenBU – the African ʿAjamī Library has had over half a million individual views and downloads to-date. The article examines the types of manuscripts digitized; manuscript impact, visibility and usage; fieldwork locations and methodologies; the importance of local project teams and partnerships, and what the next ten years might look like for this project.

Online interoperable resources for building hippocampal neuron models via the Hippocampus Hub.

To build biophysically detailed models of brain cells, circuits, and regions, a data-driven approach is increasingly being adopted. This helps to obtain a simulated activity that reproduces the experimentally recorded neural dynamics as faithfully as possible, and to turn the model into a useful framework for making predictions based on the principles governing the nature of neural cells. In such a context, the access to existing neural models and data outstandingly facilitates the work of computational neuroscientists and fosters its novelty, as the scientific community grows wider and neural models progressively increase in type, size, and number. Nonetheless, even when accessibility is guaranteed, data and models are rarely reused since it is difficult to retrieve, extract and/or understand relevant information and scientists are often required to download and modify individual files, perform neural data analysis, optimize model parameters, and run simulations, on their own and with their own resources. While focusing on the construction of biophysically and morphologically accurate models of hippocampal cells, we have created an online resource, the Build section of the Hippocampus Hub -a scientific portal for research on the hippocampus- that gathers data and models from different online open repositories and allows their collection as the first step of a single cell model building workflow. Interoperability of tools and data is the key feature of the work we are presenting. Through a simple click-and-collect procedure, like filling the shopping cart of an online store, researchers can intuitively select the files of interest (i.e., electrophysiological recordings, neural morphology, and model components), and get started with the construction of a data-driven hippocampal neuron model. Such a workflow importantly includes a model optimization process, which leverages high performance computing resources transparently granted to the users, and a framework for running simulations of the optimized model, both available through the EBRAINS Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Builder online tool.

The utilisation of open research data repositories for storing and sharing research data in higher learning institutions in Tanzania

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the utilisation of open research data repositories (RDRs) for storing and sharing research data in higher learning institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania.Design/methodology/approachA survey research design was employed to collect data from postgraduate students at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania. The data were collected and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. A census sampling technique was employed to select the sample size for this study. The quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), whilst the qualitative data were analysed thematically.FindingsLess than half of the respondents were aware of and were using open RDRs, including Zenodo, DataVerse, Dryad, OMERO, GitHub and Mendeley data repositories. More than half of the respondents were not willing to share research data and cited a lack of ownership after storing their research data in most of the open RDRs and data security. HILs need to conduct training on using trusted repositories and motivate postgraduate students to utilise open repositories (ORs). The challenges for underutilisation of open RDRs were a lack of policies governing the storage and sharing of research data and grant constraints.Originality/valueResearch data storage and sharing are of great interest to researchers in HILs to inform them to implement open RDRs to support these researchers. Open RDRs increase visibility within HILs and reduce research data loss, and research works will be cited and used publicly. This paper identifies the potential for additional studies focussed on this area.

Monitoring left ventricular assist device parameters to detect flow- and power-impacting complications: a proof of concept.

The number of patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support increases due to the growing number of patients with end-stage heart failure and the limited number of donor hearts. Despite improving survival rates, patients frequently suffer from adverse events such as cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding. Telemonitoring is a potentially powerful tool to early detect deteriorations and may further improve outcome after LVAD implantation. Hence, we developed a personalized algorithm to remotely monitor HeartMate3 (HM3) pump parameters aiming to early detect unscheduled admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia or major bleeding. The source code of the algorithm is published in an open repository. The algorithm was optimized and tested retrospectively using HeartMate 3 (HM3) power and flow data of 120 patients, including 29 admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia and 14 admissions due to major bleeding. Using a true alarm window of 14 days prior to the admission date, the algorithm detected 59 and 79% of unscheduled admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding, respectively, with a false alarm rate of 2%. The proposed algorithm showed that the personalized algorithm is a viable approach to early identify cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding by monitoring HM3 pump parameters. External validation is needed and integration with other clinical parameters could potentially improve the predictive value. In addition, the algorithm can be further enhanced using continuous data.

Modern air, englacial and permafrost temperatures at high altitude on Mt Ortles (3905 m a.s.l.), in the eastern European Alps

Abstract. The climatic response of mountain permafrost and glaciers located in high-elevation mountain areas has major implications for the stability of mountain slopes and related geomorphological hazards, water storage and supply, and preservation of palaeoclimatic archives. Despite a good knowledge of physical processes that govern the climatic response of mountain permafrost and glaciers, there is a lack of observational datasets from summit areas. This represents a crucial gap in knowledge and a serious limit for model-based projections of future behaviour of permafrost and glaciers. A new observational dataset is available for the summit area of Mt Ortles, which is the highest summit of South Tyrol, Italy. This paper presents a series of air, englacial, soil surface and rock wall temperatures collected between 2010 and 2016. Details are provided regarding instrument types and characteristics, field methods, and data quality control and assessment. The obtained data series are available through an open data repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8330289, Carturan et al., 2023). In the observed period, the mean annual air temperature at 3830 m a.s.l. was between −7.8 and −8.6 ∘C. The most shallow layers of snow and firn (down to a depth of about 10 m) froze during winter. However, melt water percolation restored isothermal conditions during the ablation season, and the entire firn layer was found at the melting pressure point. Glacier ice is cold, but only from about 30 m depth. Englacial temperature decreases with depth, reaching a minimum of almost −3 ∘C close to the bedrock, at 75 m depth. A small glacier located at 3470 m a.s.l., close to the summit of Mt Ortles, was also found in cold conditions down to a depth of 9.5 m. The mean annual ground surface temperature was negative for all but one monitored sites, indicating cold ground conditions and the existence of permafrost in nearly all debris-mantled slopes of the summit. Similarly, the mean annual rock wall temperature was negative at most monitored sites, except the lowest one at 3030 m a.s.l. This suggests that the rock faces of the summit are affected by permafrost at all exposures.

Species-specific microRNA discovery and target prediction in the soybean cyst nematode

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a devastating pathogen for economic and food security considerations. Although the SCN genome has recently been sequenced, the presence of any miRNA has not been systematically explored and reported. This paper describes the development of a species-specific SCN miRNA discovery pipeline and its application to the SCN genome. Experiments on well-documented model nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus) are used to tune the pipeline’s hyperparameters and confirm its recall and precision. Application to the SCN genome identifies 3342 high-confidence putative SCN miRNA. Prediction specificity within SCN is confirmed by applying the pipeline to RNA hairpins from known exonic regions of the SCN genome (i.e., sequences known to not be miRNA). Prediction recall is confirmed by building a positive control set of SCN miRNA, based on a limited deep sequencing experiment. Interestingly, a number of novel miRNA are predicted to be encoded within the intronic regions of effector genes, known to be involved in SCN parasitism, suggesting that these miRNA may also be involved in the infection process or virulence. Beyond miRNA discovery, gene targets within SCN are predicted for all high-confidence novel miRNA using a miRNA:mRNA target prediction system. Lastly, cross-kingdom miRNA targeting is investigated, where putative soybean mRNA targets are identified for novel SCN miRNA. All predicted miRNA and gene targets are made available in appendix and through a Borealis DataVerse open repository (https://borealisdata.ca/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.5683/SP3/30DEXA).

Data integration dashboard for assessing and planning sustainable intensification agricultural interventions: a case study in Senegal

IntroductionThe lack of a holistic view of agriculture’s social and economic aspects emerges as a limiting factor in policy implementations of sustainable intensification. The aim of this study was to (i) synthesize data from the five domains of sustainable agriculture intensification framework focusing on Senegal as a case study, (ii) harmonize and scale data used to minimize spatial–temporal differences, and (iii) build a digital tool aiming researchers and policymakers to facilitate the data visualization and connection.MethodsWe propose and prototype an interactive digital decision-support tool as a potential solution to integrate environmental, social, economic, human and production domains in agriculture projects. To demonstrate the use of the tool, a case study using data from Senegal was developed to show the benefits of open science and connectivity among domains.Results and discussionThe digital tool presented here allows users to explore an open repository from Senegal serving as a foundational approach to integrate diverse agricultural domains when developing sustainable intensification projects.

Complete 3D Kinematics Parameters of the Temporo-Mandibular Joints Using in Vivo Data Fusion

ObjectivesThe temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) has implications in vital functions and its disorder prevalence is between 5% and 12%. The mandible motions rely on two joints where mandibular condyles are generally asymmetric and highly individual. They rotate during jaw opening and closing and translate vertically and anteroposteriorly. Quantitative motion analysis tools are of interest to better understand normal and abnormal TMJ behavior. Previous studies have reported the asymmetrical behavior of the mandible compared to the skull as well as the synchronism of rotation and translation during its motions. But none of them has developed an experimental protocol using in vivo motion data fused with a tridimensional (3D) model. Therefore, we aim to provide the detailed kinematic parameters of the mandible compared to the skull, of the 2 condyles compared to their sockets and the instantaneous helicoidal axis (IHA) calculation through a clearly described new technology: in vivo data motion fused with virtual palpation on 3D models. We also compare the accuracy and the consistency of our results with the existing literature. Material and methodsFive healthy subjects fitted with a tailor-made dental and head clusters performed mouth opening/closing, diduction and chewing motions. 15 anatomical landmarks (ALs) were palpated on their skull and their mandible. The trajectory of the markers and ALs was recorded by opto-electronic cameras. 3D models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the 5 subjects were processed through a segmentation procedure and imported into a musculo-skeletal data processing software. Virtual palpation was used to locate specific ALs and to build coordinate systems following the ISB recommendations. The ALs coordinates, the motion files and the morphological model were fused. Motion cycles were normalized from 1 to 100% of rotations and translations duration in coordinate systems, instantaneous helical axis (IHA) parameters were computed for the 3 motions. ResultsMedian RMSE between manually and virtually palpated ALs was 8,0 mm.During opening motion, rotation around the Z-axis (median 24,9°), translations along the X-axis and the Y-axis (median 9,7 mm and 6,3 mm respectively) were happening all at once. The IHA was obliquely orientated.During diduction motion, rotations around the Y-axis and the X-axis (median 10,7° and 3.3° respectively), translation on the Z-axis is (median −9.4 mm) occurred simultaneously. The IHA orientation was oblique and changed accordingly to the diduction side.During chewing motion, median rotation around the Z-axis was −2.2° and median translation on the Y-axis −1.0 mm. The IHA pathway high asymmetry coincided with typical movements of working and balancing condyles. ConclusionComplete 3D kinematics parameters of the TMJs, corresponding to the ISB recommendations, have been extracted with our methodology. Our values matched previous studies if available and the palpation RMSE was within the bounds of precedent experimental protocol. It is therefore efficient to study in vivo motion.Motion data have been registered in an open access data repository, allowing other researchers to exploit them and develop their own TMJ model.

Doctoral Teaching and Mentoring in Digital Humanities: Changing Approaches to Graduate Pedagogy in Times of Multiple Crises

Focusing on graduate student education and professional development in the humanities, we examine how crises of the last few years – COVID-19, precarious employment and racial reckoning, among others – exposed iniquities in digital humanities (DH) and pedagogical training. This article explores how Emory Center for Digital Scholarship’s (ECDS) outreach initiatives operated through and responded to recent years’ crises post-2020. ECDS is committed to creating equitable opportunities for DH and pedagogical training for graduate students through long-term training, six-week intensives and an evolving open educational repository. The Digital Scholarship Training Program (DSTP) is a paid training programme for graduate students to learn digital skills through project-based learning. For students who cannot commit to a long-term practicum, ECDS offers two six-week intensives to provide equal opportunities for pedagogical training with emphasis on digital methods and tools. Currently, ECDS is building a repository hosted on WordPress to provide more flexible graduate training opportunities. By attuning ECDS offerings to varying levels of time and access, this suite of options aims to create equitable opportunities for graduate professional development that could serve as examples for other institutions. We conclude that DH methods and modalities can be deployed effectively to help address gaps in graduate student training.

Completing the Circle

IUPUI’s Center for Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) and IUPUI University Library (Library) developed a partnership to enhance community access to faculty scholarship resulting from community-engaged and translational research. Library staff archive the scholarship of faculty affiliated with TRIP in IUPUI ScholarWorks, the campus’s open access institutional repository. The TRIP Scholarly Works Program was launched in 2013 and outcomes include benefits for faculty authors (increased readership) and for a world of readers (free access). After almost 10 years in existence, Library and TRIP staff sought to evaluate the success of this program. A survey was distributed to TRIP affiliated faculty to assess the impact of open access to their scholarship on their work as community-engaged and translational scholars. Faculty participants report a variety of benefits and yet, also indicate a need for increased program communication and fewer barriers to participation.

Episciences overlay journals

Watch VIDEO. Episciences is a publishing platform for diamond open access overlay journals. The ambition is to provide scientific communities with the technical means to produce high-quality, cost-effective journals in line with FAIR principles. The process is based on open repositories (arXiv; Zenodo; HAL). All the published content of a journal is hosted on repositories. Episciences is therefore set up as a service layer for repositories, using them as input and output for open access publication. The platform was launched in 2013 as a peer review service for preprints hosted in open archives. Over the years, the list of services offered has grown and adapted to new trends in scientific publications. For example, peer review reports are now a new type of content that can be hosted in repositories, along with datasets and software code for publications. Support for these new objects in Episciences increases transparency and reproducibility of science. Support for datasets and software code also means that both data journals and software journals can be easily created on top of repositories. The platform has implemented new protocols and workflows promoted by the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) Next Generation Working Group, such as COAR Notify and SignPosting. It has enabled us to build innovative new services for researchers on top of the HAL repository. We have also connected Episciences to other open science services such as OpenAIRE Graph, OpenCitations and Scholexplorer. This has allowed us to add new services at the same time for journals and the HAL repository. The presentation will explain how Episciences and overlay journals in general can be a bridge between publications, open repositories, data and software repositories - and more broadly with open science infrastructures.

Catalog of Dynamical System Models with Semantic Metadata

AbstractThis contribution presents the concept and implementation of a catalog (i.e., a structured collection) of dynamical system models, relevant to control theory. The key features of the catalog are: (a) a combination of human‐readable model documentation with executable code; (b) semantic metadata for each model plus a web platform to provide SPARQL search interface; and (c) model data and supporting software based on open source repositories and open for extension and improvement.

Aggregated gene co-expression networks predict transcription factor regulatory landscapes in grapevine.

Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) have not been extensively studied in non-model plants. However, the rapid accumulation of transcriptome datasets in certain species represents an opportunity to explore underutilized network aggregation approaches. In fact, aggregated GCNs (aggGCNs) highlight robust co-expression interactions and improve functional connectivity. We applied and evaluated two different aggregation methods on public grapevine RNA-Seq datasets from three different tissues (leaf, berry, and 'all organs'). Our results show that co-occurrence-based aggregation generally yielded the best-performing networks. We applied aggGCNs to study several transcription factor gene families, showing their capacity for detecting both already-described and novel regulatory relationships between R2R3-MYBs, bHLH/MYC, and multiple specialized metabolic pathways. Specifically, transcription factor gene- and pathway-centered network analyses successfully ascertained the previously established role of VviMYBPA1 in controlling the accumulation of proanthocyanidins while providing insights into its novel role as a regulator of p-coumaroyl-CoA biosynthesis as well as the shikimate and aromatic amino acid pathways. This network was validated using DNA affinity purification sequencing data, demonstrating that co-expression networks of transcriptional activators can serve as a proxy of gene regulatory networks. This study presents an open repository to reproduce networks in other crops and a GCN application within the Vitviz platform, a user-friendly tool for exploring co-expression relationships.

Tests on reinforced concrete U-shaped walls subjected to torsion and flexure

This data paper describes an experimental campaign on two reinforced concrete (RC) U-shaped walls, including details of the test units, materials, test setup, loading protocol, instrumentation, primary observations and response of each unit during testing, organization of the test data in the public open source research data repository (DOI: 10.14428/DVN/FDJ4EU), and examples of derived data. The two wall units represent the lower stories of a half-scale 6-story prototype core wall that was designed for medium-to-high ductility. The tests conducted aimed at assessing the flexural and torsional response and capacity of RC U-shaped walls. The first wall unit, UW1, was tested for axial-flexure and subjected to quasi-static reverse-cyclic bending about its weak axis until failure. Furthermore, UW1 was subjected to an additional overturning moment to increase the shear span. The second wall unit, UW2, was tested for axial-torsion and subjected to a quasi-static reverse-cyclic rotation about its vertical axis until failure. Both wall units were subjected to a constant axial load ratio of 5%. A range of conventional instrumentation was used to capture salient global and local measurements of the wall, including three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation on multiple faces. High-definition fiber-optic sensors were also utilized to capture the entire strain profile of several longitudinal reinforcing bars in each wall unit.

Business Models for Open Source Hardware Repositories

Free and open source hardware repositories provide massive public good, but funding their operation has proven tenuous with conventional business models. This study evaluates business models to foster that public good. Business models for online design repositories are reviewed and a new model is conceptualized to fund repository operations. The greatest added value an open hardware repository brings to the user-developer community is validation and vetting of the designs. A business model was proposed that uses revenue from the vetting process to fund validation studies and sustainable operations of the open hardware repository itself. As the return on investment of laterally-scaled open hardware that can leverage distributed manufacturing has the potential for creating enormous value, maintaining repositories for this hardware enables vast wealth generation for everyone. This is the first study specifically focused on ways to ensure economic sustainability of open hardware repositories.

Building on the Functionalities of GBIF-COL ChecklistBank

ChecklistBank, co-developed by Catalogue of Life (COL) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), provides a suite of functionalities for building taxonomic data solutions. In addition to serving as a publishing platform and open data repository for taxonomic and nomenclatural data, ChecklistBank includes tools for managing the assembly of new species lists from other datasets published to the platform. The ChecklistBank API provides access to all data sources, including the COL Checklist, all mediated through ChecklistBank. It also allows for (bulk) matching of names, and provides an overview of the name usage identifiers used by COL and the identifiers for the same taxon originating from other data sources. The ChecklistBank infrastructure is still in development, but is starting to allow for various kinds of usages and services, including quality assurance and quality control. Examples will be presented of possible functionalities and services that could be added to ChecklistBank in future, including: An option to push a ChecklistBank dataset to Github and then automate reimport from the same source (with appropriate validation). A Github representation, based upon the Catalogue of Life Data Package (ColDP) data model, could serve as a general resource against which developers can build new lightweight editing or batch update tools, including merge tools to bring in new names from ChecklistBank datasets, with Github providing versioning support and triggers for synchronisation with Github An option to establish similar bidirectional editing models with other environments such as TaxonWorks or Aphia, Notifications for checklist curators when previously unseen names and combinations for their group appear in new or updated ChecklistBank datasets Enhancements to the data model and user interface to support better quality/completeness indicators (traffic lights). An option to push a ChecklistBank dataset to Github and then automate reimport from the same source (with appropriate validation). A Github representation, based upon the Catalogue of Life Data Package (ColDP) data model, could serve as a general resource against which developers can build new lightweight editing or batch update tools, including merge tools to bring in new names from ChecklistBank datasets, with Github providing versioning support and triggers for synchronisation with Github An option to establish similar bidirectional editing models with other environments such as TaxonWorks or Aphia, Notifications for checklist curators when previously unseen names and combinations for their group appear in new or updated ChecklistBank datasets Enhancements to the data model and user interface to support better quality/completeness indicators (traffic lights).

Towards a Quality Assurance and Quality Control Mechanism for Species List Building

Catalogue of Life (COL) brings together the efforts and contributions of taxonomists from around the world, and addresses the needs of researchers, policy-makers, environmental managers and the wider public for a consistent, up-to-date and authoritative listing of all the world’s known species. The names that science gives to species are fundamental tools that allow us to refer to these units of biodiversity. Knowing the name for a species unlocks everything that has been learned about its biology, distribution and relevance to humans. Every day, taxonomists continue to publish new scientific names and refine our understanding of the world’s species. Over the past 10 years, game-changing progress has been made with the Catalogue of Life and its authoritative taxonomic name indexing services. Major steps were made towards content completion (over 2.1 million species out of all described 2.4 million are now documented and validated through COL (Bánki et al. 2023). The COL data infrastructure and services were rebuilt in collaboration with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This resulted in the GBIF-COL ChecklistBank, an open global repository for publishing and sharing taxonomic and nomenclatural datasets (> 48,000 datasets, including over 160 Global Species Databases). The data managing/editing process underlying the integration of data into a single checklist (index) could be more transparent with clearly documented protocols and procedures, and is today far too time consuming. In the ChecklistBank infrastructure, there are thousands of data sources at our disposal and we need a powerful, semi-automated, community-expertise based, quality assurance process to warrant the best possible product for users of taxonomic checklists. COL aspires to document, with as much detail as possible, the current quality control and quality assurance processes as they relate to activities that occur at the following levels: 1) data providers, 2) pipeline and data conversions, 3) ChecklistBank infrastructure, and 4) checklist output. Ideally, this should happen throughout the consortium of partners that help the taxonomic community with mobilising and editing authoritative taxonomic data, including initiatives like Atlas of Living Australia, Catalogue of Life China, EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy, Integrated Taxonomic Information System, Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment, TaxonWorks / Species Files, World Flora Online / Rhakhis, World Register of Marine Species / LifeWatch Aphia. In recent years more attention has been given to the principles of creating an authoritative list of the world's species (Garnett et al. 2020). COL has developed and adopted new criteria for the inclusion of taxonomic data sources in the COL Checklist (Hobern et al. 2021). And ChecklistBank, certainly provides more avenues for (automated) quality checks and procedures. But to guarantee the highest confidence in data, we are in need of a transparent and consistent data quality assurance and data quality control mechanism from the creation of taxonomic data, to data publishing, to the delivery into taxonomic data products and the global list of known species. We will present the current status of quality control and quality assurance processes in Catalogue of Life, and discuss what should constitute a quality control and quality assurance mechanism for species list building.

Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning Respecting the Resources on Board a CubeSat

We explore the feasibility of onboard anomaly detection using artificial neural networks for CubeSat systems and related spacecraft where computing resources are limited. We gather data for training and evaluation using a CubeSat in a laboratory for a scenario where a malfunctioning component affects temperature fluctuations across the control system. This data, published in an open repository, guides the selection of suitable features, neural network architecture, and metrics comprising our anomaly detection algorithm. The precision and recall of the algorithm demonstrate improvements as compared to out-of-limit methods, whereas our open-source implementation for a typical microcontroller exhibits small memory overhead, and hence may coexist with existing control software without introducing new hardware. These features make our solution feasible to deploy on board a CubeSat, and thus on other, more advanced types of satellites.

Development of word count data corpus for Hindi and Marathi literature

India has a huge diversity of languages, and Hindi and Marathi are the most spoken languages in the northern and western parts of India. Hindi and Marathi have more than 528 million and 83 million speakers, respectively. The paper describes the development of the Hindi Word Corpus (Hindi WordCorp) and the Marathi Word Corpus (Marathi WordCorp), reporting the frequency of single words (1-gram) used in written texts of the respective languages using the bag-of-words model (BoW). The word frequencies are provided for eleven decades (pre-1920, 1920 to 2020). These texts include books (fiction, non-fiction, history, autobiographies, etc.) and magazines. Academic and reference books were not used. The Hindi WordCorp and Marathi WordCorp used 640 and 712 texts, respectively. An analysis was employed to check whether the texts used were enough to stabilize the rank-order of the total frequencies of the words. Zipf's and Heaps’ law coefficients indicated the sufficiency of the texts. Researchers in various areas like linguistics, social sciences, text mining, machine learning, etc., can use the dataset to answer research questions about language and culture. Some demonstrative examples are provided for using the datasets in the two languages. The dataset is made available on an open data repository. The paper is an account of dataset creation for Hindi and Marathi WordCorp. Hence, no empirical results or conclusions are made based on the data created. A WebApp named Indian Languages Word Corpus (ILWC) has been developed for users. Future directions for text mining and language models are discussed.