Open Pit Mining Area Research Articles

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth of plants in the mining associated clay

It is urgent to restore the ecological function in open-pit mining areas on grassland in Eastern China. The open-pit mines have abundant of mining associated clay, which is desirable for using as a soil source for ecological restoration. The mining associated clay in Hulunbuir district, Inner Mongolia was selected and mixed with a sandy soil at a ratio of 1:1 (S_C soil). Also, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil functions were studied. The aboveground and underground biomass of maize in S_C soil was 1.49 and 2.41 times higher than that of clay soil, respectively. In the topsoil and S_C soil, the growth hormone (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) levels of maize were higher than that of clay, while abscission acid (ABA) levels were lower. The inoculation with AMF could significantly improve the biomass of maize and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Through structural equation model (SEM) analyses, it was found that the soil type and AMF inoculation had the most direct impact on maize growth and biomass content. These finds extend our knowledge regarding a low-cost method for physical and biological improvement of mining associated clay, and to provide theoretical support for large-scale application in the future.

Features of new sites designing on quarry fields of the existing open pit mines of Kuzbass

At a number of large open pit mines in Kuzbass, coal production costs have increased due to the deepening of mining operations. In order to reduce them, separate sections of coal mining at the upper horizons are operating or are being designed for mining at low current stripping ratio. For the same purpose, open-pit mining areas at the fields of existing quarries are operated and designed. Examples of such existing and projected areas are: the “Complex Synclinal” area at the Krasnobrodsky surface mine; the “Prirezka” area at the Chernigovsky surface mine; a number open-pit areas at the underground mines; etc. The main factors complicating the involvement in the development of new sites are: the presence of residential areas, industrial buildings and structures near the boundaries of the mining area; power supply lines, transport communications, which limits or excludes the production of mass explosions in the preparation of overburden for excavation; limited size or lack of areas for external dumps at a short distance from the site (in some cases, it is possible to close the mined-out space of the worked-out quarry field). When designing the development of areas characterized by such conditions, it is necessary to consider the application of new technical and technological solutions.

Study on shaping slope stability of dump in eastern grassland open-pit mine

The dumps in the open-pit mining area in the eastern grassland are prone to landslides due to the fragile ecological environment, so it is inevitable to reshape the dump slopes. In order to explore a more scientific method for slope shaping of open-pit mine dump, slope stability analysis were used to compare effect of three types of slope-type (wave-shaped, slope-shaped and step-shaped slope shaping method)in outside dumping site of Baori Hiller open-pit mine. The results show that the slope stability is negatively correlated with the slope angle, and the stability of different shaping slopes is realized as wave-shaped slope (F=2.711)> Slope-shaped slope(F=2.513)>Step-shaped slope(F=1.047), in which the wave type and slope type are all within the safe range, but the step type slope is unstable; in consideration of cost, stability and erosion resistance, it is better to set the slope angle of the dump to 15°.The wave-shaped shaping method of the natural dumping of the excavation field outside the Baori Hiller open-pit mine has the best effect and is worth promoting.

Concept and Practice of Open-pit Mining Area Restoration and Reuse --- Taking an Open-pit Coal Mining Area in Datong, Shanxi as an Example

The restoration of open-pit mining coal mine areas is imminent, and it is of great significance to put forward a set of reasonable restoration concepts. According to the geographical location and economic conditions of the mining areas, this paper combines multiple restoration concepts and measures such as “fundamental reforestation”, “near-natural restoration”, “introduction of agricultural and forestry industries” and “development of cultural tourism in abandoned land” in a scientific way, the combination has been successfully applied in the restoration and comprehensive utilization project in an open-pit coal mine area in Datong, Shanxi, China. This concept realizes the reuse of abandoned open-pit coal mines and closely follows the national strategy of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, in pursuit of the national vision of “clear waters and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver.”

Evolution of groundwater-lake system in typical open-pit coal mine area

Evolution of groundwater-lake system in typical open-pit coal mine area

Fine Land Cover Classification in an Open Pit Mining Area Using Optimized Support Vector Machine and WorldView-3 Imagery

Fine land cover classification in an open pit mining area (LCCOM) is essential in analyzing the terrestrial environment. However, researchers have been focusing on obtaining coarse LCCOM while using high spatial resolution remote sensing data and machine learning algorithms. Although support vector machines (SVM) have been successfully used in the remote sensing community, achieving a high classification accuracy of fine LCCOM using SVM remains difficult because of two factors. One is the lack of significant features for efficiently describing unique terrestrial characteristics of open pit mining areas and another is the lack of an optimized strategy to obtain suitable SVM parameters. This study attempted to address these two issues. Firstly, a novel carbonate index that was based on WorldView-3 was proposed and introduced into the used feature set. Additionally, three optimization methods—genetic algorithm (GA), k-fold cross validation (CV), and particle swarm optimization (PSO)—were used for obtaining the optimization parameters of SVM. The results show that the carbonate index was effective for distinguishing the dumping ground from other open pit mining lands. Furthermore, the three optimization methods could significantly increase the overall classification accuracy (OA) of the fine LCCOM by 8.40%. CV significantly outperformed GA and PSO, and GA performed slightly better than PSO. CV was more suitable for most of the fine land cover types of crop land, and PSO for road and open pit mining lands. The results of an independent test set revealed that the optimized SVM models achieved significant improvements, with an average of 8.29%. Overall, the proposed strategy was effective for fine LCCOM.

Mathematical modeling and fuzzy approach for disaster analysis on geo-spatial rock mass in open-pit mining

Due to the complex nature of open-pit mining rock mass, multiple variables has a significant impact on slope stability, which is difficult to evaluate under disaster conditions. The damaged rock slope stability analysis using fundamental fuzzy model is established using the concept of fuzzy measurements upon the basis of statistical analysis on large amount of measured data in Geo-Spatial study. Because of the marked “fuzziness” of the variables is analyzed in this research, the slope stability issues under disaster conditions has been analyzed using Fuzzy Mathematical Theory (FMT) which examines damaged rock slope deformation failure at the open-pit mining. The fuzzy probability formula for rock mass deformation failure, and a numerical method for calculating the fuzzy probability, is derived by applying the theory of variation probability measurements in open pit mining. Here the damaged rock slope under disaster conditions in open-pit mine area has been analyzed and The fuzzy based disaster data management concept has been proposed for analyzing the disaster in open-pit mine area for the damaged rock due to disasters. Finally, the formulation of the Gauss–Legendre is a three-point technical illustration of damaged rock slope which has been used in the open pit. The practical calculation demonstrates that the technique is used for evaluating the slope stability problems in the metal mine opencast under disaster conditions.

Assessing the naturalness of a restored coal mine area on the Loess Plateau, China.

The Loess Plateau in China is an important area for mineral resources and therefore heavily exploited. As a measure to solve the conflict between conservation and development, ecological restoration has attracted more and more attention. More methods are needed to assess their effectiveness in achieving ecological and social goals. To adequately assess the effectiveness of natural restoration, the naturalness index (NI) has been developed to evaluate restoration effectiveness based on the Soil nutrient index (SNI), community composition index (CCI), and community succession index (CSI). By developing and applying of the NI to an open-pit mining area on Loess plateau, northwest China, the results show that: (i) In the study area, the cumulative dominance index of perennial grasses, the community function index, soil organic matter, and soil hydrolysable nitrogen greatly explained the community development. (ii) All the indicators values have changed with the increase of revolution time, the value of SNI increase obviously than the CCI and CSI comparing with the control plot, which indicated that the soil nutrient could be completely restored more easily. (iii) According to the Logistic Growth Model between NI and restoration time, it can be deduced that an ecosystem similar to the original ecosystem could be established after about 29 years of natural restoration.

Ultimate slope design in open pit phosphate mine using geological and geomechanical analysis: case study of Jebel Jebbeus

Open pit mining of the phosphate deposit in the Meknassy Basin, particularly in Jebel Jebbeus, requires slope design and stability analysis to maintain security and profitability. These processes depend on the geological and geomechanical characteristics of the open pit mine area. Therefore, to identify these characteristics, several studies (geological, structural, geotechnical) were carried out using field surveys and laboratory tests. Two ultimate slope designs were developed based on the characteristics of the geological materials in the area. One slope cut will be performed in the marl, and another will be made in the rock mass. The application of kinematic methods identified two potential failure modes in the rock slope: planar and wedge failures. The maximum slope safety angle in the carbonates is 70°. The stability analysis using the limit equilibrium method indicates that the 42-m-high slope in the marl is stable with a 25° slope angle and that the 70-m high slope in the rock mass is stable with a 70° slope angle.

Preliminary geomechanical analysis on limestones in PPSDM Geominerba campus, Padalarang, West Java

The research location is in the PPSDM Geominerba field campus. The campus is located in Padalarang, West Java that is surrounded by the open-pit mining of limestone and marble. This limestone was formed in Oligo-Miocene of Rajamandala Formation. The research objective was to determine the condition of the slopes around the campus based on geomechanical characteristics. Based on field observations, the slope angle in the area is dominated by steep slopes. The rock hardness level is dominated by hard rock with a hardness ranging from 50-100 MPa. Rock Mass Rating shows that the are a is dominated by good rocks. While the S lope Mass Rating calculation show that the maximum slope angle is between 52-75 ° . L evel of deformation and intensive weathering process will reduce the strength of the rock in the future. Several rock fall occurrences on this research area support this assumption . Yet , some local open pit mining area activity near the toe hill of the area need to be concerned regarding the effect of the local rock fall occurrences.

Comparison of polycyclic aromatic compounds in air measured by conventional passive air samplers and passive dry deposition samplers and contributions from petcoke and oil sands ore

Abstract. Conventional passive air samplers (PAS) and passive dry deposition samplers (PAS-DD) were deployed along a 90 km south–north transect at five sites in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) during October to November 2015. The purpose was to compare and characterize the performance of the two passive sampling methods for targeted compounds across a range of site types. Samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). ΣPAC and ΣNPAH concentrations were highest in PAS and PAS-DD samplers at site AMS5, which is the closest sampling site to surface mining and upgrading facilities. The OPAHs were elevated at site AMS6, which is located in the town of Fort McMurray, approximately 30 km south of the main mining area. PAS-DD was enriched relative to PAS in particle-associated target chemicals, which is consistent with the relatively more open design of PAS-DD intended to capture particle-phase (and gas-phase) deposition. Petroleum coke (petcoke) (i.e., the carbonaceous byproduct of bitumen upgrading) and oil sands ore (i.e., the material mined in open-pit mines from which bitumen is extracted) were assessed for their potential to be a source of PACs to air in the oil sands region. The ore samples contained ∼ 8 times and ∼ 40 times higher ΣPACs concentrations (dry weight basis) than delayed and fluid petcoke, respectively. The residue analysis of ore and petcoke samples also revealed that the chemical 4-nitrobiphenyl (4-NBP) can be used to track gas-phase emissions to air. A comparison of chemical residues in ore, petcoke, and air samples revealed that the ore is likely a major contributor to volatile PACs present in air and that both ore and petcoke are contributing to the particle-associated PACs in air near open-pit mining areas. The contribution of petcoke particles in passive air samples was also confirmed qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

During coal surface mining, several activities such as drilling, blasting, loading, and transport produce large quantities of particulate matter (PM) that is directly emitted into the atmosphere. Occupational exposure to this PM has been associated with an increase of DNA damage, but there is a scarcity of data examining the impact of these industrial operations in cytogenetic endpoints frequency and cancer risk of potentially exposed surrounding populations. In this study, we used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) methods to perform a spatial and statistical analysis to explore whether exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 pollution, and additional factors, including the enrichment of the PM with inorganic elements, contribute to cytogenetic damage in residents living in proximity to an open-pit coal mining area. Results showed a spatial relationship between exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and micronuclei frequency in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells. Active pits, disposal, and storage areas could be identified as the possible emission sources of combustion elements. Mining activities were also correlated with increased concentrations of highly enriched elements like S, Cu and Cr in the atmosphere, corroborating its role in the inorganic elements pollution around coal mines. Elements enriched in the PM2.5 fraction contributed to increasing of MNBN but seems to be more related to increased MNMONO frequencies and DNA damage accumulated in vivo. The combined use of GIS and IDW methods could represent an important tool for monitoring potential cancer risk associated to dynamically distributed variables like the PM.

Proportionality and Cyclicity of the Quarry Working Area Development

The mining science, unlike many other technical sciences, studies the processes that occur not in one place, but in moving faces. The primary task is to analyze the influence of the various factors defining the parameters of the quarry operational area and to define a possibility of mining operations’ concentrating on the individual sections of the quarry, taking into account their further development downdip and in-depth. The intensity of their movement depends on the surface and on the excavating equipment capacity. The development of open pit mining area in time and space is subject to certain rules. Thus, the initiating works providing the access to the deposit should be ahead of the work on the preparation of excavation blocks, and the latter coal extraction. The intensity of the implementation of this works is also associated with certain patterns of the quarry working area development. The article describes the calculation method for determining the cyclical size of the working area, as a function of some key points: the time of working area development; its speed vector; the direction of the depth of mining and the quarry field area.

Detection of surface subsidence using SAR SENTINEL 1A imagery and the DInSAR method – a case study of the Belchatow open pit mine, Central Poland

Open pit mining hazards monitoring is a crucial task. The paper focuses on the first analysis of surface subsidence in the open pit mining area obtained by Synthetic Aperture Radar active remote sensing technique. Presented methodology of Differential Interferometric SAR provides an excellent data source for mining vertical displacements monitoring. The study was performed in the Belchatow open pit lignite mine in Poland, Central Europe. The SAR SLC imageries acquired by the SENTINEL 1A satellite for the 124-descending track in two periods, between 03.10.2016-15.10.2016 and 15.10.2016-27.10.2016 have been used in the analysis. The post-proceed satellite line of sight (LOS) displacement indicates vertical changes of the surface within the dumping and excavation area. The analyzed region of interests (ROI) shows total subsidence of ca. -67mm, whereas the excavation areas show a trend of terrain uplift during the analyzed periods.

The Role of Mine Surveying Studies in Preventing Probable Risks that might be emerged in Open Pit Mining Projects

In order to extract mine from the ground in any area, the type of mining to be selected will able to be defined as the result of the pre-investigations and analysis in the intended area. At this stage, economic value of the ore, geologic and tectonic features of the mining field, topographic state of the field, the thickness of the ore and the earth layer that is covering the ore, the excavation ability of the earth, and climate conditions of the concerned area are the leading factors in defining the type of mining (underground mining or open pit mining). In the later stage, these criteria, will be affecting and differentiate the mine measuring activities to be applied on the field, depending on the type of mining that is decided for application on the field. In this study, it is attempted to define the possible field measurement studies that are in the scope of mine surveying and probable risks that might be encountered in case of lacking these activities, during the starting, implementing and finishing the mining activities that are defined in a selected open pit mining area.

Detection of surface subsidence using SAR SENTINEL 1A imagery and the DInSAR method – a case study of the Belchatow open pit mine, Central Poland

Open pit mining hazards monitoring is a crucial task. The paper focuses on the first analysis of surface subsidence in the open pit mining area obtained by Synthetic Aperture Radar active remote sensing technique. Presented methodology of Differential Interferometric SAR provides an excellent data source for mining vertical displacements monitoring. The study was performed in the Belchatow open pit lignite mine in Poland, Central Europe. The SAR SLC imageries acquired by the SENTINEL 1A satellite for the 124-descending track in two periods, between 03.10.2016-15.10.2016 and 15.10.2016-27.10.2016 have been used in the analysis. The post-proceed satellite line of sight (LOS) displacement indicates vertical changes of the surface within the dumping and excavation area. The analyzed region of interests (ROI) shows total subsidence of ca. -67mm, whereas the excavation areas show a trend of terrain uplift during the analyzed periods.

A Review of Fine-Scale Land Use and Land Cover Classification in Open-Pit Mining Areas by Remote Sensing Techniques

Over recent decades, fine-scale land use and land cover classification in open-pit mine areas (LCCMA) has become very important for understanding the influence of mining activities on the regional geo-environment, and for environmental impact assessment procedure. This research reviews advances in fine-scale LCCMA from the following aspects. Firstly, it analyzes and proposes classification thematic resolution for LCCMA. Secondly, remote sensing data sources, features, feature selection methods, and classification algorithms for LCCMA are summarized. Thirdly, three major factors that affect LCCMA are discussed: significant three-dimensional terrain features, strong LCCMA feature variability, and homogeneity of spectral-spatial features. Correspondingly, three key scientific issues that limit the accuracy of LCCMA are presented. Finally, several future research directions are discussed: (1) unitization of new sensors, particularly those with stereo survey ability; (2) procurement of sensitive features by new sensors and combinations of sensitive features using novel feature selection methods; (3) development of robust and self-adjusted classification algorithms, such as ensemble learning and deep learning for LCCMA; and (4) application of fine-scale mining information for regularity and management of mines.

Assessing the effects of oil sands related ozone precursor emissions on ambient ozone levels in the Alberta oil sands region, Canada

A study was undertaken to determine whether, and the extent to which, increased ground-level ozone (O3) precursor emissions from oil sands development have impacted ambient air quality in the north-eastern Alberta, Canada, over the period 1998 to 2012. Temporal trends in emissions of O3 precursors (NOx and VOC) and ambient air concentrations of O3 precursors, and O3 were examined using the Theil-Sen statistical analysis method. Statistically significant correlations between NOx emissions and ambient NOx concentrations were found mainly near surface (open-pit) mining areas where mine fleets are a large source of NOx emissions. No statistically significant trends in the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr average O3 at any of the continuous and passive ambient air monitoring stations were found. A significant long-term decrease in monthly averaged O3 is observed at some ambient monitoring sites in summer. A visual examination of long-term variations in annual NOx and VOC emissions and annual 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr O3 concentrations does not reveal any indication of a correlation between O3 concentrations and O3 precursor emissions or ambient levels in the study area. Despite a significant increase in oil sands NOx emissions (8%/yr), there is no statistically significant increase in long-term O3 concentrations at any of monitoring stations considered. This suggests that there is surplus NOx available in the environment which results in a titration of ambient O3 in the areas that have ambient monitoring. The limited ambient O3 monitoring data distant from NOx emission sources makes it impossible to assess the impact of these increased O3 precursor levels on O3 levels on a regional scale. As a precautionary measure, the increasing oil sands development O3 precursor emissions would require that priority be given to the management of these emissions to prevent possible future O3 ambient air quality issues.

A Study on the <em>in-situ</em> Purification Technique of Organic Farming Open-pit Hydrops

The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of the <em>in-situ</em> nanoelectronics purification technique of open pit hydrops for the green mining technology. Open pit mining can result in serious groundwater seeping, while direct drainage of the open pit hydrops may cause pollution of surface water and decrease of ground water, which has a negative influence on the vulnerable ecological environment of Shendong mining area. It is necessary to exploit a hydrops purification technique in open pit that could lead to a positive evolution of the open desert mining area. Based on the climate characteristics and the open pit conditions, the <em>in-situ</em> nanoelectronics purification technique and treatment process of open pit hydrops was presented. The natural oxidation pond has been applied, which had been high-effectively applied into Majiata open pit mine area. It has both theoretical and practical value for the green mining technology with similar conditions.

特大型露天煤矿区生态系统演变及其生态储存估算

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 特大型露天煤矿区生态系统演变及其生态储存估算 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201501260205 作者: 作者单位: 中国地质大学(北京),中国地质大学(北京),中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院,中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院,中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院,中国地质大学(北京) 土地科学技术学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项（201411017）；2014年全国生态修复研究生论坛支持项目 Ecosystem evolution and ecological storage in outsize open-pit mining area Author: Affiliation: China University of Geosciences (Beijing),China University of Geosciences (Beijing),School of land science and technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),School of land science and technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),School of land science and technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),School of land science and technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:露天煤矿区生态系统在人为干扰下具有特殊的演变过程。从土地利用变化的角度描述矿区生态系统演变及生态水平变化，旨在为特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。以山西省朔州市平朔大型露天煤矿区为研究对象，以1986年、2000年、2013年的遥感影像为主要数据源，在分析研究区近30年土地利用特征的基础上，探讨矿区生态系统的演变过程；同时利用生态储存模型定量分析矿区生态系统在研究时段内所处的水平。结果表明：（1）1986-2013年耕地和林地大幅减少，城镇建设用地和采矿造成的损毁土地面积迅速增加；（2）矿区生态系统各子系统用地之间的转化均较为活跃，城镇扩张、采矿活动加剧、损毁土地复垦是造成这一现象的主要原因；（3）平朔矿区生态系统演变可划分为原地貌阶段、损毁阶段、重建阶段；（4）研究区生态储存状态呈恶化趋势，生态储存转化表现为逆向过程，生态储存能力增强。研究结果可为中国特大型露天煤矿区生态系统研究提供科学依据。 Abstract:Open-pit mining area is an area greatly disturbed by human activities. Landscape change in this area, caused by large-scale exploitation of mineral resources, leads to differences in ecosystem evolution between mining area and the natural environment. The ecosystem in a mining area plays a significant role in the human society. Its healthy development contributes significantly to the sustainable economic development of the whole society. In order to better understand the ecosystem in a mining area and provide scientific basis for its management, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate evolution process. This paper analyzes the process of ecosystem evolution and calculates the ecological storage in the Pingshuo outsized open-it coalmine in Shanxi Province, China. The ecological storage model, which is based on the theory of ecosystem service value, comprises state evaluation, process evaluation and capability evaluation, and describes the ecological condition of study area with respect to the static state, changes and conversion direction. The land use information studied herein was extracted from remote sensing images made in 1986, 2000 and 2013. The results indicate the following: 1) The area of arable land and forestland decreases sharply, while urban and rural construction land and destruction land increase dramatically. 2) The evolutionnary process of ecosystem in the Pingshuo mining area can be divided into three stages: the origin stage, the destruction stage, and the reconstruction stage. The characteristics of land use in each stage are different as the diversity of landscape increases 3) The ecosystem types of the Pingshuo mining area include farmland, forest, grassland, urban, and industrial ecosystem. The conversions among these ecosystem types in the periods 1986-2000 and 2000-2013, caused by urban expansion, severe mining activities and land reclamation were very active; 4) The ecological storage state shows a trend of deterioration, the ecological storage process presents a reverse process, and the ecological storage capacity influenced by land reclamation and eco-engineering tends to be higher. In addition, of the image of the ecosystem evolution cycle has been mapped according to the development of mining industry. The image indicates that: the evolution of an ecosystem in open-pit mining area reflects the change in land use; the results of the ecological storage model are in relative accordance with the current conditions at the mining site; and timely and effective land reclamation and other eco-engineering practices can improve the ecological condition of a mining area. This paper presents the first systematic analysis of the evolutionary process of the ecosystem in the Pingshuo mining area relative to the change in land use, and employs for the first time the ecological storage model on the open-pit mine to evaluate the ecological condition of an outsized open-pit coalmine. The findings of this paper provide references for land reclamation and ecological restoration of outsize open-pit mining areas in China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献