Background: Although radiologic imaging has evolved to detect small renal masses, malignant etiologies cannot be fully differentiated by preoperative imaging. Moreover, the growing incidence of small renal masses has inevitably increased the number of partial nephrectomies (PN), resulting in increases in benign pathology findings following PN. However, there have been discrepancies in the reported percentages of benign masses removed by PN. The aim of this study was to investigate the overall prevalence of benign pathology after PN and identify predictive factors for benign pathology after PN. Methods: Three electronic databases, including PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were screened for this systematic review (1993 through January 2019). The primary outcome was the prevalence of benign pathology after PN. Investigation of the moderating factors included the origin of study, the publication year, the gender proportion, the average size of the renal mass, the clinical stage, and procedure types, including robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN), open partial nephrectomy (OPN), and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Findings: There were 144 studies included in the final analysis, which was comprised of 79 observational studies (n = 37,300) and 65 comparative studies (n = 18,552). The overall prevalence rate of benign pathology after PN was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.18 – 0.21). For observational studies, the prevalence rate was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.18 – 0.23), whereas for the comparative studies, the prevalence was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.17 – 0.20). According to the procedure types, the prevalence rate of benign pathology was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.15 – 0.19), 0.24 (95% CI: 0.22 – 0.27), and 0.16 (95% CI: 0.15 – 0.18) in OPN, LPN, and RAPN, respectively. The significant moderating factors were gender proportion, publication year, the origin of the study, and procedure types (p = 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). The three most common benign pathology types were oncocytoma, angiomyolypoma, and renal cysts (44.50%, 30.20%, and 10.99%, respectively). Interpretation: The overall prevalence rate of benign pathology after PN was 0.19. Predictive factors for benign pathology after PN were female sex, studies published before 2010, studies originating from Western areas, and laparoscopic procedure types. Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund. Declaration of Interests: All other authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval Statement: Not required.