Open-minded Discussion Research Articles

Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis-From molecules to organisms: Report on the 14th International Calreticulin Workshop, Saint Malo, France.

The Calreticulin Workshop, initiated in 1994 by Marek Michalak in Banff (Alberta, Canada), was first organized to be an informal scientific meeting attended by researchers working on diverse biological questions related to functions associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident lectin-like chaperone and applied to a wide range of biological systems and models. Since then, this workshop has broadened the range of topics to cover all ER-related functions, has become international and has been held in Canada, Chile, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, UK, USA, Greece and this year in France. Each conference, which is organized every other year (pending world-wide pandemic), generally attracts between 50 and 100 participants, including both early career researchers and international scientific leaders to favour discussions and exchanges. Over the years, the International Calreticulin Workshop has become an important gathering of the calreticulin and ER communities as a whole. The 14th International Calreticulin Workshop occurred from May 9-12 in St-Malo, Brittany, France, and has been highlighted by its rich scientific content and open-minded discussions held in a benevolent atmosphere. The 15th International Calreticulin Workshop will be organized in 2025 in Brussels, Belgium.

Effectiveness of leader-member exchange on employee outcomes in cross-cultural environment of China–Pakistan economic corridor

PurposeChina–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a framework of regional connectivity in which employees have to work in a cross-cultural environment. This study has extended the leader-member exchange theory by investigating the mediating role of employee commitment (EC) between the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX) and employee's work-related behaviors.Design/methodology/approachPLS-SEM technique was used to test the model by utilizing a multi-wave/two-source data collected from employees and their supervisors (n = 500) working in different energy projects of CPEC.FindingsAccording to the results/findings, LMX has a significant positive impact on employee commitment, employee performance (EP) and open-minded discussions, but insignificant impact on innovative work behaviour (IWB). Mediating role of employee commitment was significant between the relationship of LMX with EP and open-minded discussions, but insignificant with the IWB.Originality/valueThe study contributes empirical evidence to understanding the leader-member exchange relationship among Chinese managers and Pakistani workers. It also contributes to the LMX theory literature by investigating the effect of LMX on followers' outcomes (employee performance, IWB, open-minded discussions) through employee commitment.

Introduction to Special issue

Introduction to Special issue

Agree or disagree? A comparison of the staff’s and parents’ perceptions of important factors and goal fulfilment for an inclusive preschool in Sweden.

ABSTRACT A Swedish preschool must be adapted to all children, regardless of ethnicity, religion or disability. Inclusion and the children’s sense of participation are essential keywords in this work. The present analysis was based on two studies in which the staff’s and parents’ perceptions of significant factors and goal fulfilment for inclusive preschools in Sweden were analysed. The results of this comparison showed, among other things, that there was an engaging and open-minded discussion climate among the staff and parents regarding inclusion. The staff and parents highly valued the quality of the inclusion work; the parents more so than the staff. Most of the staff and parents thought it was possible to create a sense of belonging among the children in preschool.

Open-Minded Discussion in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Cooperation and Competition Theory

Open-Minded Discussion in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Cooperation and Competition Theory

Business model options for passenger urban air mobility.

While technological progress towards passenger urban air mobility (UAM) receives high attention, relevant business models for the deployment of these increasingly sophisticated passenger-carrying air vehicles for urban applications get less attention. However, especially in early market stages with high risks of investment and in respect to an often envisioned implementation of transport services in the proximity of urban settlements, it is important that the technology adds value to society. In this paper relevant perspectives to comprehend the current UAM business environment are presented. Possible operator models and customer segments are compiled and matched in three concrete business model approaches for passenger UAM. Scrutinising UAM Airport Shuttle Services shows that even concepts with sufficient demand might still not be adequate for a valid business case due to incomplete and a so far insufficient critical analysis of the overall operational environment. Second, a so far often unconsidered business model for a Company Shuttle Service is introduced, addressing the problem of scaling up UAM services with a dynamically expandable Business-to-Business (B2B) concept. Third, UAM will be discussed as part of public transport, introducing a business model that is inclusive and in strong line with public demands. Finally, these rather different implementation concepts unlock the space for an open-minded discussion on business models in the field of passenger UAM in general.

Translational Research in Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a disease of the skin characterized by the appearance of white spots. Significant progress has been made in understanding vitiligo pathogenesis over the past 30 years, but only through perseverance, collaboration, and open-minded discussion. Early hypotheses considered roles for innervation, microvascular anomalies, oxidative stress, defects in melanocyte adhesion, autoimmunity, somatic mosaicism, and genetics. Because theories about pathogenesis drive experimental design, focus, and even therapeutic approach, it is important to consider their impact on our current understanding about vitiligo. Animal models allow researchers to perform mechanistic studies, and the development of improved patient sample collection methods provides a platform for translational studies in vitiligo that can also be applied to understand other autoimmune diseases that are more difficult to study in human samples. Here we discuss the history of vitiligo translational research, recent advances, and their implications for new treatment approaches.

A Present Day Perspective on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen and Its Consequences

Ever since it first appeared in 1935, the famous paper by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, questioning the completeness of quantum mechanics as a theory, has courted controversy. The initial arguments with Bohr have never been forgotten or gone away; the ideas of Bell have remained; many experiments have been performed purporting to support the stance of Bohr. More recently, however, an experiment performed by a group in Basel has questioned this accepted position and, theoretically, this new perspective has received support from at least two sources. It is the work behind these two sources, especially the second, together with the experimental work at Basel, which form the basis for this examination of the present position as far as this extremely important position for physical science is concerned. Needless to say, considering the views expressed in these two approaches, it is also necessary and appropriate to consider some possible consequences if this new view becomes accepted. Due to the fact that the recent support for the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen argument makes use of results in iso-mathematics, iso-mechanics and iso-chemistry, these possible consequences include the exact representation of nuclear data, the achievement of an attractive force between identical valence electrons with the ensuing exact representation of molecular data, the prediction of new clean energies and the prediction of the possible recycling of nuclear waste via stimulated decay—none of which is allowable utilising traditional quantum mechanics. Hence here, as well as discussing the resolution of the long standing issue provoked by the well-known Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen article, some of these consequences will be discussed with a view to provoking more general, open-minded discussion within the scientific community.

Depolarizing American voters: Democrats and Republicans are equally susceptible to false attitude feedback.

American politics is becoming increasingly polarized, which biases decision-making and reduces open-minded debate. In two experiments, we demonstrate that despite this polarization, a simple manipulation can make people express and endorse less polarized views about competing political candidates. In Study 1, we approached 136 participants at the first 2016 presidential debate and on the streets of New York City. Participants completed a survey evaluating Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump on various personality traits; 72% gave responses favoring a single candidate. We then covertly manipulated their surveys so that the majority of their responses became moderate instead. Participants only noticed and corrected a few of these manipulations. When asked to explain their responses, 94% accepted the manipulated responses as their own and rationalized this neutral position accordingly, even though they reported more polarized views moments earlier. In Study 2, we replicated the experiment online with a more politically diverse sample of 498 participants. Both Clinton and Trump supporters showed nearly identical rates of acceptance and rationalization of their manipulated-to-neutral positions. These studies demonstrate how false feedback can powerfully shape the expression of political views. More generally, our findings reveal the potential for open-minded discussion even in a fundamentally divided political climate.

Open-Minded Discussion: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Cooperation and Competition Theory

Despite the extensive attention to open-minded discussion, definitive conclusions remain scarce. Drawing on cooperation and competition theory, we propose a theoretical framework of open-minded dis...

Open-Minded Discussion for Leader Support and Reduced Relationship Conflict

Open-Minded Discussion for Leader Support and Reduced Relationship Conflict

Why Cross-Cultural Issues in Management and Marketing Are That Important and Worth Our Undivided Attention?

Global business continues to evolve at a mind-boggling speed; it absorbs all types of endeavors and, first and foremost, integrates the activities of human beings representing different cultures. Culture and cultural theory remain the subjects of research by various disciplines. Marketing scholars and practitioners explore and analyze how culture affects consumer motivation and consumption patterns. Management scientists and consultants examine and scrutinize the influence of culture on the organizational structures and effectiveness of teamwork. Without attention to the cultural content in the management of organizations and marketing activities, all strategic plans will remain the proverbial good intentions paving the road to hell. The Journal of Management and Training for Industries espouses a multi-disciplinary perspective and represents the forum for open-minded discussions useful for academics, practitioners, and policy-makers. It was only logical to invite to this forum the representatives from the management and marketing disciplines to consider the exceedingly important cross-cultural issues affecting such diverse business topics as international marketing, organizational diversity, corporate social responsibility, and performance of global virtual teams.

Growth Strategy Through Capability Building

This research aims to analyze the main causes of pain symptoms that appear and procure an utmost solution for the company to minimize its growing pain. This research is using observation, interview, and questionnaire in collecting the data. At the beginning of the research, the author conduct questionnaire to find how big the growing pain in this company is. Then, the author is analyzing the growth stage and its crisis for supporting data. Finally, root cause analysis is used for predicting the general problem that causes pains. This study indicates that the company’s position is in the Collaboration phase, so that face a crisis of growth. Since the external factors from government policy still point out positive movements in infrastructure development, internal factors need to be considered to face the challenge in the future. The finding shows that this company is lacks of capability. To know what capabilities cause pains in employee performance, the author spread the questionnaire through each division employee. There are four major problems in employee capabilities: a lack of motivation, inaccuracy and unfavorable results, skill improvement, and slow adaptation. There are several alternative solutions to cure these pains, such as doing casual and open-minded discussion regularly, applying project management application and logbook, conducting weekly reports, proposing a course related to new knowledge, and soft skill training. This research help PT. Suwanda Karya Mandiri elevates its performance to face the next challenge and increase its revenue.

Training analysis and training models

ABSTRACTThis article has the intention of giving impulses to a hopefully more creative and open-minded discussion of the function of training analysis and the kind of training model we seem to take for granted in the Scandinavian countries, the Eitingon model. I will consider some historical background data on this model as well as some historical data on the development in France which have created an alternative model of training. Especially in Sweden, there has been a stormy debate during the last years about the training analyst functions and some members have actually decided to leave our association because of this. I would like to try to shift focus from just a ‘yes-or-no-perspective’? to a broader question of our psychoanalytical society’s purpose and structure and how the training-model could sustain it.

Fede e ragione in Manzoni dal 1817 alla Morale cattolica

In 1810, following his conversion, Manzoni returns to the Italian city of Milan, where he abandons himself to the spiritual guidance of Monsignor Luigi Tosi, recommended by Eustace Degolo, a Jansenist abbot. The former receives a letter from the latter in 1817, informing him on how Manzoni managed to escape a great danger: he found himself caught in a spiritual crisis that almost led him to an act of heresy. Manzoni, getting away from Tosi, attempts at selling out all his possessions in Milan in order to move to Paris (France), where he would stay with a friend of his, Claude Fauriel, for Manzoni laments for open-minded discussions he used to have with Fauriel in the French capital. At the same time, he finds the reactionary Catholic atmosphere in Milan appalling and disappointing in terms of his liberalism hued with Enlightenment and patriotic ideas. Still, Manzoni does not undertake the aforementioned journey that year and Manzoni abandons the idea of living in Paris and, what is of ultimate significance, he manages to struggle through the crisis that separated him from sacraments for a while. As a result of this struggle in 1817, there emerges his book entitled Observations on Catholic Ethics ( Morale cattolica ), an apologetic piece of prose conceived in order to refute Sismandi’s Histoire des Republiques italiennes au Moyen-Age , especially those sections in which this Calvinist scholar criticises Catholicism relying on a Machiavellian political tradition directed against the Roman Catholic Church. Reading Manzoni’s Observations on Catholic Ethics helps us understand the depth of crisis the author finds himself in, to realise that it originates from the criticism of the Catholic church from liberal and Enlightenment positions, represented by Sismondi himself. In addition, this work reveals the answer Manzoni used to give to both liberals and himself. It can be narrowed down to an ambitious and painstaking reconciliation concept: a complex agreement between ratio and faith, between moral truth and Catholic truth, between history and religion. Reading this work helps us understand Manzoni’s poetics in terms of its founding ideas as well, as depicted in A Letter to Mister Chauvet ( Lettre a Monsieur Chauvet ), but it also shows us the prodromes of the works to follow, such as The History of the Infamous Column ( Storia della colonna infame) or the comparative essay entitled The 1789 French Revolution and the 1859 Italian Revolution.

The Role of Constructive Controversy for Team Support and Team Productivity: Managing Teams in China

Strong feelings of social support are apt to a foundation for productive teamwork as team members provide each other with practical assistance as well as strengthen their relationships and their effective coordination of resources. But working in a team can be frustrating and team members may well feel angry with each other, thus threatening team support. This study argues that constructive controversy, open-minded discussion of anger, helps team social support. Structural equation results support our argument that constructive controversy of Chinese team members’ anger helps them modify their angry feelings and thus help develop team social support, which leads to team productivity.

Constructive controversy and guanxi relationships for disaster recovery

PurposeHow can governments and survivors prepare for and manage natural disasters? Post-disaster reconstruction researchers advocate that community involvement is needed to help survivors recover effectively. This study aims to propose that cooperative goals between government officials and survivors develop guanxi relationships and constructive controversy wherein survivors voice their opinions to aid disaster recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted the critical incident technique (CIT), which has proved especially useful for studying complex issues, as well as site-intensive research for interviews and participant observation. After developing a local reputation and rapport by working in a residential resettlement area for two months, an author used the CIT to ask 118 survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake to describe specific incidents when they interacted with government officials about recovery issues and then to rate survey items that measure independent and dependent variables.FindingsResults, including structural equation analyses, support the reasoning that cooperative goals between government and survivors facilitate guanxi and constructive controversy, which in turn produced effective disaster recovery, as indicated by survivors’ social support, satisfaction, reduced stress and beliefs that government officials led effectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are self-reported and subject to biases and may not be accurate.Practical implicationsIn addition to developing theoretical understanding, the results can have important practical implications for strengthening relationships and constructive controversy between government and survivors.Social implicationsResults suggest that communities have practical ways to prepare for disasters. Structuring cooperative goals among survivors, encouraging guanxi relationships, and training in constructive controversy should promote effective recovery from natural disasters.Originality/valueThe paper develops theory and research on how leaders can promote community involvement for effective disaster management. The paper proposes that high-quality interpersonal relationships, also referred to guanxi, and the open-minded discussion of opposing ideas, labeled constructive controversy, are major components of effective community involvement. The paper adds to the literature by empirically documenting the utility of the Western-developed theory of cooperation and competition and the concept of constructive controversy for understanding the effectiveness of government leadership for disaster recovery in China.

Open-minded Discussion between Departments: Goal Interdependence and Social Motives

To aid effective collaboration between departments, organizations need ways to help employees from diverse departments manage their conflicts constructively. Integrating theories of goal interdependence and social motives, this study examined a model in which open-minded discussion mediates and social motives moderate between interdepartmental goal interdependence and conflict outcomes. A sample of 133 employees from different business organizations in China were interviewed to recall a critical incident when they had a conflict with their coworker from another department. Results support the hypotheses that goal interdependence is an important foundation for open-minded discussion between departments that in turn impact the outcomes of conflict. Results suggest that pro-self motive employees very much discussed open-mindedly when goals were cooperative. Pro-social motive employees discussed issues open-mindedly even when their goals are competitive. Findings suggest that developing cooperative goals and open-minded discussion skills can help managers and employees manage their conflicts between departments and collaborate effectively. Key words: Open-minded discussion, interdepartmental goal interdependence, social motives, conflict management

Gender Diversity in the Board Room & Its Impacts: Is the Example of Norway a Way Forward?

It seems logical and obvious that limiting oneself to only men or only women in any corporate setting may diminish the potential for constructive and open-minded discussions that bring a company forward. Detrimental group-think is a risk in any very homogenous context. Conversely, the positive effects of diversity – gender, cultural and age – are well-known. Experienced business people will tell us that having a heterogeneous board is fruitful. So in the words of one of the male contributors at the gender diversity conference at Deakin University October 2014 where this paper was presented: “why don’t they get it”? Why the resistance, or formulated positively: the very slow progress, which underpins the discussion of whether to legislate to achieve change? The example of Norway is striking here. Norway is one of the most egalitarian countries with a high level of gender equality and a high percentage of women at work. Nevertheless, as this article outlines, mandatory rules appeared necessary to bring about the desired change in the composition of the boards – business did not do this on its own, in spite of a long grace period. The explanation to why they don’t get it seems to be a combination of be path-dependency, power and money.This article goes on in Section 2 to present the coup that got us this rule as the first country in the world and its innovative legislative approach. In Section 3, the Norwegian rule is elaborated on including its background as a corporate governance initiative rather than a gender equality one and the compliance by Norwegian companies. In Section 4, the article discusses the effect of the rule after first elaborating on the challenges and uncertainties connected with such an investigation. With these caveats, the corporate governance significance of gender diversity is discussed, drawing on empirical studies of the effect on the performance of the companies. This may be especially relevant for the discussion that the Norwegian rule has inspired in many jurisdictions around the world. The article also discusses the potentially broader impact of gender diversity in the board room, including the pressing question of whether gender diversity in the board room can help companies create sustainable value within the planetary boundaries. Section 5 concludes with some reflections as to whether Norway indeed here is an example to follow.

Constructively Managing Conflicts in Organizations

Researchers have used various concepts to understand the conditions and dynamics by which conflict can be managed constructively. This review proposes that the variety of terms obscures consistent findings that open-minded discussions in which protagonists freely express their own views, listen and understand opposing ones, and then integrate them promote constructive conflict. Studies from several traditions also suggest that mutual benefit relationships are critical antecedents for open-minded discussion. This integration of research findings identifies the skills and relationships that can help managers and employees deal with their increasingly complex conflicts. Research is needed to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of open-minded discussion and the conditions that promote it as well as when open-mindedness is inappropriate. Training studies can test and show how the model of open-minded discussion supported by mutual benefit relationships can be applied in cross-cultural and other challenging settings.