Open Kinetic Chain Research Articles

Acute effects of different dynamic exercises on hamstring strain risk factors.

The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of different dynamic exercise interventions on hamstring muscle performance. Thirty-six young men with poor hamstring flexibility were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: jogging combined with dynamic open kinetic chain stretching (DS), jogging combined with dynamic closed kinetic chain stretching (lunge with eccentric hamstring windmills, LEC), and jogging only (CON) groups. Hamstring flexibility, muscle stiffness (area under the curve, AUC), joint position sense (JPS), maximal eccentric strength (ECC), and angle of peak torque (APT) were recorded before and immediately after the exercise interventions. The results showed that the hamstring flexibility increased in DS (p < 0.001); muscle stiffness decreased in DS and was lower than jogging (p < 0.001). Moreover, ECC increased in LEC and was higher than jogging and DS (p < 0.001). APT was different among 3 groups (p < 0.001). Decreased accuracy of JPS was found in DS and jogging (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the dynamic closed kinetic chain stretching (LEC) as compared to open kinetic chain stretching (DS) or jogging group, may be an effective technique to enhance muscle performance during the pre-competition warm-up routine.

The Effects of Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Ankle Joint Function in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability

Objective: Lateral ankle sprains are common sport injuries that often result in structural and functional alterations leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Insufficiencies in proprioception, neuromuscular control, and strength are suggested as contributing factors to CAI. Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) and Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises often constitute the core of ankle specific training before progression to advanced training. Though commonly used in the management of CAI, there is no consensus regarding their efficacy on physical therapy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of OKC and CKC exercises on dynamic postural control, self-reported function, and subjective sense of instability in subjects with CAI. Methods: Subjects with unilateral CAI were randomly assigned into three groups: OKC (n=5), CKC (n=6), and control (n=6). Outcome measures included star excursion balance test (SEBT) reach distance, center of pressure (COP) sway velocity, sway area, and path length; and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport Subscale. Intervention groups completed 6 weeks of exercises. Also, subjects completed a global rating of change (GROC) form at week 6 post-intervention. Results: Following intervention, both OKC and CKC groups had significant improvements in the outcome measures, indicating an improvement in dynamic postural control and subjective function; however, CKC had greater improvements than OKC. The control group did not show improvements. GROC revealed a significant difference in median score for CKC group when compared to OKC and control groups (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). Conclusion: The 6-week of OKC and CKC exercise programs improved parameters of postural control and subjective function in CAI subjects. CKC exercises, however, were more effective than OKC exercises. Hence, exercise programs should become more functional and task oriented. Further research is needed in a larger cohort of subjects to determine effects of both training programs on ankle joint injury risk factors.

Comparison of the Effects of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise and Open Kinetic Chain Exercise According to the Shoulder Flexion Angle on Muscle Activation of Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Muscles During Scapular Protraction

Background: Methods for exercising serratus anterior (SA) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles are important for the recovery of patients with various shoulder disorders, yet the efficacy of closed or open kinetic chain exercises have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the activation of the SA and UT muscles during scapular protraction considering both closed and open kinetic chain exercises. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into experimental groups (closed kinetic chain exercise) and control groups (open kinetic chain exercise) in which scapular protraction was performed at 90° or 125° shoulder flexion. Electromyographic activity data were collected from the SA and UT muscles per position and exercise method. Results: Separate mixed 2-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in the activation of the SA (F1,28=6.447, p=.017) and the UT (F1,28=35.450, p=.001) muscles between the groups at 90° and 125° shoulder flexion. Also, the SA/UT ratio measures at 90° and 125° shoulder flexion significantly differed between the groups (F1,28=15.457, p=.001). That is, the closed chain exercise was more effective than open chain exercise for strengthening the SA muscle and controlling the UT muscle, 125° of shoulder joint was more effective than 90°. Conclusion: The findings suggest that scapular protraction with shoulder 125° flexion at the closed kinetic chain exercise may be more effective in increasing SA muscle activation and decreasing UT muscle activation as well as increasing the SA/UT ratio than open kinetic chain exercise.

PENGUATAN QUADRICEPS MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN LEBIH MENJAGA SUDUT QUADRICEPS (Q ANGLE) DIBANDING DENGAN OPEN KINETIC CHAIN PADA SUBJEK DENGAN ABNORMAL SUDUT QUADRICEPS

Introduction: Quadriceps strengthening usualy find in fitness center or clinical rehabilitation physiotherapy programs, there are two methods in strengthening quadriceps programs, closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain methods, several researchers use to used these methods for reducing pain intensity, improve functional ability and reducing quadriceps angle, indeed these methods can be used to prevent patellofemoral pain syndrome risk in asymptomatic person with abnormal q angle. Purpose: Purpose of this study is to study the difference of closed and open kinetic chain to maintain quadriceps angle on subject with abnormal quadriceps angle. Method: This experimental study is to compare closed and open kinetic chain to maintain quadriceps angle in subject with abnormal quadriceps angle, thirty six males samples 15 to 21 years old devided into two Groups, Group 1 applied a treatment with closed kinetic chain methods using barbell squat training and the second group have applied a treatment with open kinetic chain method using leg extension training, quadriceps angle measured before and after treatment to each Group, Result: Both quadriceps strengthening methods, closed and open kinetic chain has same beneficial to maintain quadriceps angle, Group 1 after analyzed by paired t test show the mean right quadriceps angle 13.38 ± 2.93 degree and the mean of left quadriceps angle 12.88 ± 2.44 degree, with significancy value p = 0.001, likewise in Group 2 after analyzed by paired t test show the mean of right quadriceps angle 15.66 ± 2.74 degree and the mean of left quadriceps angle is 15.38 ± 3.22 degree, with significancy value p = 0.001, but closed kinetic chain method is more effective than open kinetic chain in maintaining quadriceps angle with p &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Therefore this result of study can be reference for reader as an athlete, fitness instructor and physiotherapist in order to get better understanding to choose and create best training program for quadriceps strengthening. Therefore it’s been suggest to someone if they have abnormal quadriceps angle, they must choose the closed kinetic chain exercise as the main program in quadriceps training program

RETRACTED: How balance task-specific training contributes to improving physical function in older subjects undergoing rehabilitation following hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a rehabilitation programme including balance task-specific training in improving physical function, pain, activities of daily living (ADL), balance and quality of life in subjects after a hip fracture. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Subjects: A total of 52 older subjects selected for internal fixation due to extra-capsular hip fracture were randomized to be included in an experimental (n = 26) and control group (n = 26). Interventions: The experimental group underwent a rehabilitation programme based on balance task-specific training. The control group underwent general physiotherapy, including open kinetic chain exercises and walking training. Both groups individually followed programmes of 90-minute sessions five times/week for three weeks. Outcome measures: The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), a Pain Numerical Rating Scale, the Berg Balance Scale, the Functional Independence Measure and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. The participants were evaluated before and after training, and after 12 months. Results: Significant effects of time, group and time × group were found for all outcome measures in favour of the experimental group. A clinically important between-group difference of 25 points was achieved after training and at follow-up in terms of the primary outcome (WOMAC function before treatment, after treatment and at follow-up was 84.8 (3.7), 39.8 (4.9) and 35.7 (6.2) for the experimental group and 80.9 (5.7), 65.2 (7.1) and 61.0 (11.1) for the control group). Conclusion: An inpatient rehabilitation programme based on balance task-specific training is useful in improving physical function, pain, ADL and quality of life in older patients after hip fracture.

THE ROLE OF P.N.F. TECHNIQUES IN THE RECOVERY OF THE PARALYSIS OF EXTERNAL POPLITEAL SCIATIC NERVE

The recovery of the motor deficit caused by neurapraxia is indispensably linked to the removal of the compression on the nerve and to a recovery strategy based on the facilitation of a motor response. The study was carried out on a 32-year-old patient with comminuted fracture of the lower third of the left femur, for which she had a surgical intervention, the fracture being stabilized using a metal plate and screws. The programme was made up of: stimulating massage, facilitation techniques in an open kinetic chain, then in a closed kinetic chain using the gym ball, the medicinal ball and the cane, exercises for the re-education of sensitivity, exercises using different objects, exercises using the wall ladder, pedalling on the ergonomic bike, etc. The results achieved confirm the hypothesis formulated in the beginning; thus, the recovery of the sensory-motor deficit was achieved in 3 months, compared to the 6-9-month period normally estimated, thus halving the recovery period.

A Systematic Review of ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation

Background: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a well-known surgical knee procedure performed by orthopaedic surgeons. There is a general consensus for the effectiveness of a postoperative ACL reconstruction rehabilitation program, however there is little consensus regarding the optimal components of a program Objective of the Study: to assess the merits and demerits of current ACL reconstruction rehabilitation programs and interventions based on the evidence supported by previously conducted systematic reviews. Methods: a Systematic search in the scientific database (Medline, Scopus, EMBASE , and Google Scholer) between 1970 and 2017 was conducted for all relevant Systematic reviews discussing the primary endpoint ( ACL reconstruction rehabilitation ) studies were analyzed and included based on the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study screening and quality was assessed against PRISMA guidelines and a best evidence synthesis was performed. Results: the search results yielded five studies which evaluated eight rehabilitation components (bracing, Continuous passive motion (CPM), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), open kinetic chain (OKC) versus closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise, progressive eccentric exercise, home versus supervised rehabilitation, accelerated rehabilitation and water based rehabilitation). A strong evidence suggested no added benefit of short term bracing (0-6 weeks post-surgery) compared to standard treatment. Whilst a moderate evidence reinforced no added advantage of continuous passive motion to standard treatment for boosting motion range. Furthermore, a moderate evidence of equal effectiveness of closed versus open kinetic chain exercise and home versus clinic based rehabilitation, on a range of short term outcomes. There was inconsistent or limited evidence for some interventions including: the use of NMES and exercise, accelerated and non-accelerated rehabilitation, early and delayed rehabilitation, and eccentric resistance programs after ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: short term post-operative bracing and continuous passive motion (CPM) introduce no benefit over standard treatment and thus not recommended. A moderate evidence suggested equal efficiency for 1) CKC and OKC are equally effective for knee laxity, pain and function, at least in the short term (6-14 weeks) after ACL reconstruction and 2) home based and clinic based rehabilitation. Nevertheless, the degree of physiotherapy input remains unclear.

The Validity and Reliability of Knee Proprioception Measurement Performed With Inclinometer in Different Positions.

Proprioception is the basic element of the spontaneous control of movement, balance and joint stability. Therefore, it is necessary for the execution of walking and daily and sport activities. Loss of proprioception of the knee, which may cause a new injury, is important to evaluate the position sense of the joint during the rehabilitation period. However, the evaluation methods that are used are very expensive, complicated and non-portable, or the measuring method is difficult to implement. We demonstrated the validity and reliability of knee proprioception measurements performed in the open kinetic chain position and closed kinetic chain position with a dual inclinometer. We assessed the validity and intra-tester reliability of a digital inclinometer for measuring the knee joint position sense in different positions. Clinical laboratory. We enrolled 22 participants (age = 21.8 ± 0.95 years, height = 172 ± 9.1 cm, weight = 64.9 ± 14 kg) into the study. The same investigator used an inclinometer to take knee proprioception measurements in open and closed kinetic chain positions. The relative angular error was calculated by taking the arithmetic average of the difference between the target angle and reproduced angle and was the main outcome measure. We found that the dynamometer-inclinometer had a moderate ICC value (ICC = 0.594, SEM = 1.60, p = 0.005), whereas inclinometer t1 vs inclinometer t2 (ICC = 0.778, SEM = 0.62, p < 0.001) and closed kinetic chain position t1 and closed kinetic chain position t2 (ICC = 0.888, SEM = 0.63, p < 0.001) had high ICC values. Knee proprioception measurements performed with a dual inclinometer were reliable in the closed kinetic chain position in healthy, sedentary individuals and were valid and reliable in the open kinetic chain position.

Pengaruh Latihan Gerak Aktif Kaki dengan Teknik Open Kinetic Chain Exercise terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri pada Lansia dengan Nyeri Sendi Osteoartritis dan Rheumatoid

Tidak ada latihan khusus untuk orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid di lembaga sosial Minaula Lansia di Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa efek dari latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka pada penurunan rasa sakit pada orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental menggunakan Pretest dan posttest dengan desain kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel acak sederhana untuk mencapai 60 peserta 930 dalam kelompok intervensi dan 30 dalam kelompok kontrol). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa berarti tingkat nyeri kelompok intervensi menurun sebagai 4, 83 setelah latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka (berarti sebelum 5, 80, berarti setelah 0, 97). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada efektivitas latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka untuk menurunkan tingkat rasa sakit pada orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid di Minaula lembaga sosial Lansia di Kendari 2016 (nilai p = 0000). Penelitian ini menyiratkan bahwa latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu kompetensi Keperawatan dan diterapkan sebagai intervensi keperawatan untuk penurunan tingkat nyeri yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid.

ACTIVITY OF SCAPULAR MUSCLES: COMPARISON OF OPEN AND CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISES

The function of the shoulder region and cervical spine are regulated by the motor control of the scapula. It is important to selectively activate weak muscles and minimally involve tense muscles to improve scapular motor control. The objective of this study was to compare the activity of scapular muscles and the intramuscular balance during various open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Methods: This study included 20 female sedentary office workers. A surface electromyography was used to analyze the activity of the scapular muscle in the correct exercise starting position and during 6 different exercises. Additionally, the optimal intramuscular balance was examined. Results and conclusions: Open kinetic chain exercises is more suitable than closed kinetic chain exercises for training scapular active stability. Horizontal shoulder abduction with external rotation (scapula retraction and internal rotation) while in the prone position was optimal and could be recommended (as well as its modifications with a resistance band) for training programs to improve scapula active stability.

Myoeletric Activity of the Quadriceps During Leg Press Exercise Performed With Differing Techniques.

Machado, W, Paz, G, Mendes, L, Maia, M, Winchester, JB, Lima, V, Willardson, JM, and Miranda, H. Myoeletric activity of the quadriceps during leg press exercise performed with differing techniques. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 422-429, 2017-The quadriceps muscle supplies the motive force for dynamic knee extension. During this action, the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) co-contract to stabilize the patella as it tracks within the patellofemoral groove. The purpose of this study was to analyze surface electromyographic (SEMG) responses for the VL, VMO, rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF), as well as the VMO:VL ratio during an open-kinetic chain 45° angled leg press (LP45). The traditional LP45 technique was compared with 2 alternative LP45 exercise techniques that used a physioball and elastic band, respectively. Thirteen female college students performed 3 protocols in random order: TRAD-1 LP45 set performed using the traditional exercise technique, PBALL-1 LP45 set performed with a physioball held between the knee joints, and PEB-1 LP45 set performed with an elastic band proximal to the knee joints. Ten repetitions at 70% of a 10 repetition maximum load were performed in each protocol, and the SEMG data were recorded for the VMO, VL, RF, and BF muscles. Significant increases in VMO activity were noted during PBALL vs. PEB (p = 0.001) and TRAD (p = 0.002). Higher VMO activity was noted during TRAD vs. PEB (p = 0.001). Greater VL activity was noted during PBALL vs. TRAD (p = 0.0001) and PEB (p = 0.0001). The PBALL condition elicited a greater VMO:VL ratio during the concentric phase vs. the PEB (p = 0.001) and TRAD (p = 0.001) protocols. Greater RF activity was observed during PEB vs. TRAD (p = 0.001) and PBALL (p = 0.001). Therefore, practitioners should consider placing a physioball between the knees during the LP45 exercise as an alternative technique when greater overall quadriceps activity is desired for clinical rehabilitation or a muscle strengthening program.

Pilot study: Post-operative rehabilitation pathway changes and implementation of functional closed kinetic chain exercise in total hip and total knee replacement patient

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of introducing a functional closed kinetic chain exercise program to an acute care setting to reduce length of hospital stay and assess tolerance to exercise immediately following total hip or total knee arthroplasty. MethodsA protocol change implementing a functional closed kinetic chain based exercise program, post total hip (n = 535) and total knee (n = 695) arthroplasty, was performed at Windsor Regional Hospital Ouellette Campus in Windsor, Ontario Canada. A chart review was performed to compare the length of stay, post-surgery, of the new protocol to the length of stay of the previous range of motion and open kinetic chain based protocols of the previous two years. ResultsA significant (P-value <0.05) number of total hip and total knee arthroplasty patients reduced the length of hospital stay to less than 4 days using the closed kinetic chain program. ConclusionEvidence suggests that closed kinetic chain exercises are tolerated in the acute care setting and may be useful in reducing hospital length of stay post total hip and total knee arthroplasty.

The effects of open and closed kinetic chain exercises on the static and dynamic balance of the ankle joints in young healthy women.

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises on the static and dynamic balance of ankle joints in young healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty women in their 20s were randomly assigned to two groups of ten women each: an open kinetic chain exercise group and a closed kinetic chain exercise group. Each group performed five sets of exercises three times per week for four weeks. Exercise intensity was increased once after two weeks. The subjects’ Romberg’s test results and their limits of stability were measured to evaluate their static and dynamic balance. The data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test. [Results] In the results of Romberg’s test, the main effect of the time showed a significant difference in the trace length with eyes closed (Effect size: d=0.97). In the result of limits of stability, the interaction effect showed a significant difference in the backward, and the main effect of the group showed a significant difference in the forward. [Conclusion] The open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises both improved the balance of the subjects. The closed kinetic chain exercise was more effective at improving the dynamic balance of young healthy women than the open kinetic chain exercise.

Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises following an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background There is no consensus on whether closed kinetic chain (CKC) or open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises should be the intervention of choice following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or reconstruction. Methods A systematic search identified randomized controlled trials of OKC versus CKC exercise training in people who had undergone ACL reconstructive surgery. All published studies in this systematic review were comparisons between OKC and CKC groups. Results Seven studies were included. Lysholm knee scoring scale was not significantly different between OKC and CKC exercise patients: MD: −1.03%; CI: −13.02, 10.95; p value = 0.87 (Chi2 = 0.18, df = 1, and p value = 0.67). Hughston clinic questionnaire scores were not significantly different between OKC and CKC exercise patients: MD: −1.29% (−12.02, 9.43); p value = 0.81 (Chi2 = 0.01, df = 1, and p value = 0.93). Conclusions While OKC and CKC may be beneficial during ACL surgical rehabilitation, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that either one is superior to the other.

Effects of kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback on balance and lower extremity muscle activation in stroke patients.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback on balance and lower extremity muscle activation. [Subjects and Methods] For this study, 30 stroke patients participated in this study and they were divided into closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback group (CKCE+EB) and open kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback group (OKCE+EB), each group consisting of 15 patients. The kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback was performed by the patients for 20 minutes once a day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks using an Myo-Ex. BioRescue was used to measure balance ability, while surface EMG was used to measure the lower extremity muscle activation. [Results] According to the results of the comparison within the groups, after the intervention, both groups showed significant increases in the balance ability and lower extremity muscle activation. In the comparisons between the groups, after the intervention, balance ability and lower extremity muscle activation were significantly higher in the CKCE+BE than in the OKCE+EB. [Conclusion] This study showed that closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback is effective for improving balance ability and lower extremity muscle activation in stroke patients.

To Compare the Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises on Gait Velocity, Cadence, Stride Length and Strength of Knee Flexors and Extensors in Chronic Stroke Patients

To Compare the Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises on Gait Velocity, Cadence, Stride Length and Strength of Knee Flexors and Extensors in Chronic Stroke Patients

The impact of closed versus open kinetic chain exercises on osteoporotic femur neck and risk of fall in postmenopausal women.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate how closed and open kinetic chain exercises differed in their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fall risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [Subjects and Methods] The research sample consisted of 40 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis with ages between 51 and 58 years old. They were divided at random into two groups of 20 each, respectively receiving closed and open kinetic chain exercises. These exercises were administered three times per week over a period of four sequential months. Prior to and following the treatment, Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure the BMD of the femur neck in every participant, while the Biodex Stability System (BSS) was used to estimate how likely each participant was to sustain a fall. [Results] The strongest effect on BMD and fall risk was recorded by the closed kinetic chain exercise. [Conclusion] Osteoporotic postmenopausal women should be prescribed closed kinetic chain exercise to diminish the effects of the disease and minimise their risk of fall.

Effects of open and closed kinetic-chain exercises on the muscle strength and muscle activity of the ankle joint in young healthy women.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of open and closed chain exercise on the muscle strength and muscle activity of the ankle joint. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty women in their 20s were randomly assigned to two groups: the open kinetic-chain group and the closed kinetic-chain group. Each group performed 5 sets 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Exercise intensity was increased once after two weeks. The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, tibialis posterior, and peroneus longus muscles were measured. The collected data were analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. [Results] In the results for muscle strength, both groups showed significant differences in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion between the pre-test and post-test. In the results for muscle activity, no significant differences were noted for either group. [Conclusion] Open and closed kinetic-chain exercises can help to improve muscle strength.

Isokinetic Evaluation of the Hip Flexor and Extensor Muscles: A Systematic Review.

Isokinetic dynamometry testing is a safe and reliable method accepted as the "gold standard" in the evaluation of muscle strength in the open kinetic chain. Isokinetic hip examinations face problems in the standardization of the position of the equipment axis, in the individual being examined, and in the adjustment of the lever arm and in stabilization strategies for the patients during the tests. Identification of the methodologic procedures with best reproducibility is also needed. To review the literature to evaluate the parameters used for the isokinetic evaluation of the hip flexor and extensor muscles and its reproducibility. This is a systematic literature review of the Cochrane, LILACS, PEDro, PubMed, and SciELO databases. The inclusion criteria were articles on the evaluation of hip flexor and/or extensor muscular strength with an isokinetic dynamometer and articles that analyzed the ICC or Pearson's reproducibility. The information extracted was positioning of the patient; positioning of the dynamometer axis; positioning of the lever arm; angular speed; sample size, pathology; type of contraction; and ICC and Pearson's results. 204 articles were found, from which 14 were selected that evaluated hip flexor and extensor muscles, involving 550 individuals who were submitted to an isokinetic hip evaluation. Five articles obtained the best result in reproducibility and had their methodology analyzed. To obtain better reproducibility of the isokinetic evaluation of the hip flexor and extensor muscles, the following recommendations must be followed: the individual must be positioned in the supine position and the dynamometer axis must be aligned with the greater trochanter of the femur. The positioning of the lever arm must be in the most distal region of the thigh possible. The angular speed used to analyze torque peak and muscle work was 60°/s, and to evaluate the muscle power it was 180°/s, with concentric and eccentric contractions being analyzed.

Difference between the activation level of the vastus medialis oblique and longitudinal muscle during an open kinetic chain exercise

rol del vasto medial de los cuadriceps, como estabilizador rotuliano medial, ha sido vinculado a la pato mecanica de la disfuncion patelofemoral, que es una patologia de alta prevalencia, especialmente en mujeres. Desde el punto de vista anatomico, se ha descrito que este musculo tiene dos grandes grupos de fibras que estan alineadas de manera diferente, lo que podria indicar una subdivision del vasto medial en un oblicuo y una porcion Sin embargo, hay pocos registros bibliograficos que apoyan esta suposicion desde el punto de vista funcional. objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el nivel de activacion de las porciones oblicuas y longitudinales del vasto medial durante un ejercicio abierto de la cadena cinetica de la rodilla. proposito era contrastarla con la siguiente hipotesis: Durante un ejercicio de extension de rodilla, El nivel de activacion del vasto medial en un oblicuo es mas alto que la una porcion longitudinal. La aceptacion o rechazo de esta hipotesis puede proporcionar nuevas informaciones sobre la funcionalidad de la compartimentacion de este musculo.